№ 156(2), February, 2020
Public date: 28.02.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 13, 39 kb
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STUDYING A DISK SOWING DEVICE AND JUSTIFICATION OF ITS PARAMETERS
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionIn recent years, in the conditions of the Tambov region, thanks to the widespread introduction of innovative technologies, the yield of root crops of this culture has significantly increased. The scheme of sowing is the basis of technology of cultivation of any crops depend on the productivity and quality of products, material and monetary and energy costs, density of sowing, supply area and design features used cars. According to academician V. I. Edelstein, the optimal sowing scheme is able to provide an increase in crop yields up to 40%. It was noted that the most optimal scheme of sowing is a tape, with the use of which it is possible to achieve a reasonable compromise between the possibility of rational thickening of plants in order to increase yields and improve the working conditions of agricultural machines. The relevance of the research lies in the modernization of the sowing apparatus of the beet seeder SST-12B, under the belt scheme of sowing with a staggered arrangement of plants in two adjacent lines of the tape and the study of its design parameters. The analysis shows that with an increase in the angle of installation of the scraper over 60 degrees, there is an increase in the percentage of occupancy of the disk cells with seeds in all studied hybrids. Studies have found that the hybrid RMS-120 at the angle of installation of the scraper 70 degrees is 100 percent filling cells with seeds, while hybrids XM-1820 and Troika cells filled only 93.3%. This is due to the fact that the seeds of the domestic hybrid were more aligned in diameter compared to the seeds of foreign firms. It should also be noted that the hybrid RMS-120 with a scraper angle of 70 degrees was marked by the lowest damage dragees-0.67%, while hybrids XM-1820 and Troika values of this indicator were 0.83 and 0.73%, respectively. By increasing the angle of installation of the scraper over 80 degrees, the percentage of damaged seeds increased from 0.4 to 0.66%
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionAs a result of the analysis of the scientific question, there is a steady trend of growth in food consumption, especially of plant origin. To this issue, it is also necessary to add the provision of food security of the country and the exclusion of dependence on foreign producers. Thus, before science and production is a serious question of a significant increase in the production of crop products with a slight increase in the cost of these types of work and the main thing is to ensure the preservation of soil fertility. This can be achieved by reducing the use of chemical means of protection, less intensive impact on the treated environment by the running systems of power facilities and the working bodies of machines, but in compliance with the primary requirements for the treated surface. The proposed design of a horizontally arranged spherical disk working body can be used in various tillage machines for shallow and surface tillage. The design of the working body allows reducing the passes of the unit to perform the necessary agricultural requirements for equalization and ridges of the soil. And these indicators have a significant impact on the quality of sowing, which will necessarily affect the yield in the end. Comparative studies of the proposed working body and the same devices used in production show a clear advantage of the new scheme
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INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionThe article presents the results of a study of higher education institutions in the Krasnodar region based on the use of an integrated approach, identifies priority aspects of the development of universities. The level of the educational institution was calculated taking into account educational, research and international activities, staff and infrastructure. Information about the level of assessment of educational institutions is used by university applicants when they choose a particular institution. The work was carried out on the basis of monitoring the performance of educational institutions of higher education in the Krasnodar region in 2018. During the integral assessment, standardization methods were used to compare the indicator with the reference and linear transformations, as well as the method of additive convolution and the method of calculating distances. The studies showed the level of each institution of higher education, the ways of their development are highlighted. Thus, the assessment of higher education institutions, carried out on the basis of an integral indicator, covers almost all aspects of educational institutions, it allows you to quickly and objectively get an idea of universities, identify weaknesses and strengths, the results of the development of the main components of higher education institutions, and identify the reserves necessary to ensure its sustainable and effective development