All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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TECHNOLOGY OF POWDERED FOOD ADDITIVES
DescriptionIn recent years, the problem of deficiency of biologically active substances in a number of food products has arisen. This is due to a deterioration in the quality of seed and planting material and, accordingly, a decrease in the content of BAS in the cultivated fruit and vegetable raw materials. In this regard, processing companies are forced to fill the lack of vitamins and dyes with synthetic components. The aim of the research is to obtain concentrated food additives from domestic plant raw materials. To achieve this goal, the tasks of obtaining powders from fruits and berries are solved with maximum preservation of BAS of the raw material during drying. High-quality powders from fruits and berries are obtained by cryogenic technology, using liquid nitrogen at one or several stages of the process. As intermediate results of the research, the paper presents materials on the dispersion composition of cryopowders and the solubility of their various fractions in aqueous media. The technology of obtaining and using powdered food additives from fruits and berries, ground in liquid nitrogen, has been approved. The comparative characteristics of the composition cryopowders from apricot, sea-buckthorn, pumpkin, feijoa and persimmon are given. The results of the studies confirmed the expediency of using cryopowders from fruits and berries to enrich various food products
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Description
Due to the wide spread of winter barley varieties with different Phytopathologic characteristics, a serious threat to the crop is dwarf rust caused by a pathogenic fungi of the Puccinia. The article presents the results of phytosanitary studies conducted in different agroclimatic zones of the North Caucasus region for the period from 2013 to 2015. Electronic maps of levels of development and distribution of dwarf rust are based on phytosanitary inspection. On the experimental field called «Kuban» as well as rust nursery of VNIIBZR we have performed an immunological evaluation of the sustainability of winter barley accessions to the pathogen of the dwarf rust on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds in the period from 2013 to 2015. The article reflects the objective characteristics of varieties and lines of winter barley with a relative stability to the North Caucasian population Puccinia hordei. The most promising varieties and lines of winter barley of the KubGAU breeding were selected during operation. These varieties and lines are highly resistant to rust and dwarf, they also have other valuable features. The article presents information on the best yield varieties and lines of winter barley as well as on gross yield and sowing area
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RESISTANCE OF WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS TO YELLOW LEAF SPOT PATHOGEN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe results of immunological assessment of winter wheat varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation and the variety of different types of resistance to yellow leaf spot pathogen are presented in this article
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EFFICIENCY OF CHEMICAL FUNGICIDES AGAINST LEAF TAN SPOT OF WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn recent years leaf tan spot had dominated into pathogenic complex of wheat in southern Russia. The causative agent of this disease is hemibiotrophic ascomycete Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler; imperfect state of Drechslera triticirepentis (Died) Shoem. It causes two different symptoms in susceptible wheat varieties: chlorosis and necrosis. Under epiphytotic disease progression crop losses can achieve 65%. One of the most important elements of phytosanitary control of wheat cenosis is scientifically relevant chemical fungicides application. Biological efficiency of some fungicides against Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been estimated. Research was conducted on the experimental ground of FSBSI ARRIBPP on the variety susceptible to the pathogen – Krasnodarskaya 99. Preparations were tested one time at leaf-tube formation (Z37) phase or two times: at leaf-tube formation (Z37) and start of heading (Z51) stages. Double treatment was more effective than a single one. Fungicides “Amistar extra” and “Prozaro” have got the high biological efficiency – 80,7 and 83,7%, consequently, and longer protective period (up to 40 days) in comparison to every tested fungicides