Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after Kokov V.M.
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionThe problems of creating an optimal microclimate in the closed workshops of poultry farms are relevant for the regions of the south of Russia and the Northern Caucasus, especially acute these problems are for Kabardino-Balkaria. The used zoohygienic measures and existing ventilation systems of closed poultry houses need to be improved and adapted to the local natural conditions. The purpose of the work was to research and develop effective ventilation systems for closed poultry houses in hot climates. Existing ventilation systems and zoohygienic conditions in closed-type poultry houses were studied and investigated. According to the results, the main disadvantages of the existing ventilation systems and their low efficiency were established. And on their basis, new technical solutions have been found to create more efficient ventilation systems for closed poultry houses that provide the optimal microclimate: temperature, humidity and pressure. With the active participation of the author, new technical solutions have been developed and proposed, for which two applications for obtaining patents have been prepared: one for a utility model - for a device for moistening and cooling wall ventilation ducts of poultry houses; the second is for the invention - on the method of erecting a cooling system and humidifying the ventilation panels of the supply. During their implementation, these new technical solutions allow creating such a microclimate, thanks to which optimal indicators of productivity and growth, uniformity, efficiency of feed and meat gain are achieved, without reducing the characteristics of the health and well-being of birds. Ventilation is becoming a major factor in microclimate control in closed houses and the epizootological resistance of birds
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SPRINGS SOURCES OF RECREATIONAL ZONES AND PROBLEMS OF THEIR PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT
DescriptionThe article highlights the problems of protection and arrangement of spring sources of recreational and protected areas. The characteristics of the known and little-known springs of the mountain territories of the North Caucasus are given. The sources of KabardinoBalkaria are described in more detail. The results of investigations of a number of springs of mountain zones, which show high organoleptic qualities, are given. The characteristics of some mineral springs possessing medicinal properties are also given. A substantiation of the need for detailed studies of littleknown springs and natural monuments of the KBR and the North Caucasus, as well as the compilation of tourist routes to them and cadastral records. New architectural and technological solutions have been developed and proposed for the development of ascending and descending water sources, protected by patents for utility models. The rationale for the effectiveness of the organization of ecological tourism in the KBR and other regions of the North Caucasus is given
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionReserves of expansion of the areas under fruit plantings in the central part of the North Caucasus are limited, one of solutions of this problem is involvement in an agricultural turn and, in particular, under fruit plantings a little or the slope lands, absolutely inconvenient for one-year cultures, having optimum climatic conditions. Currently, scientifically based technologies of cultivation of gardens on slopes are developed for foothill and mountainous areas of the North Caucasus in relation to zones. Large corporations, as well as medium and small business are engaged in production of fruits in the North Caucasian Federal District. One of problems which vendors of fruits face it is the shortage of the equipment on care of trunk strips and row-spacings of fruit plantings. Mechanized technologies of flat gardening are a little effective in specific conditions of mountain and foothill agriculture where the main limiting factor is the soil fertility. At the same time, the question of the accelerated creation of a humic layer in the trunk strips, improvements of the water and food modes of fruit plantings on slope lands is particularly acute. The carried-out analysis of a system of maintenance of the soil in gardens showed that the most rational is the cespitose and humous system providing bevelling of vegetation with its leaving on the surface of the soil in the form of mulch. However, lots the mower-grinders produced by the industry have rather low rotating speed of a rotational operating part (540 … 840 min-1); they do not provide high-quality crushing of grass vegetation, are incapable to transport crushed grassy masses in trunk strips of fruit-trees. In this regard, we offer a construction of a unit for processing of row-spacings and the trunk strips of fruit plantings. As a result of the conducted theoretical researches, we have set rational values of key parameters of the offered unit
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THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE AND REGIME PARAMETERS OF THE ARABLE AND MILLING UNIT
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionPre-planting preparation of soil in the Central part of the North Caucasus according to the traditional technology of cultivation of crops involves the use of single-operation soil processing machines and aggregates. As a result, they have to make multiple passes, resulting in increased energy consumption, soil compaction, and the emergence and development of erosion processes. In addition, the agricultural machinery used is characterized by the low operability and reliability of the working elements and their joint assemblies, which leads to a decrease in productivity, so that the agricultural requirements for the process of pre-sowing soil preparation are often not met. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an arable milling unit for pre-sowing soil preparation is proposed. Its structural and technological scheme is justified. The distinctive features of the proposed design are the possibility of the main soil treatment with simultaneous grinding of large soil clumps, lumps, plant residues and levelling of the soil surface; possibility of changing the installation angle of the rotary grinder and depth of soil treatment depending on the type of treated soil; high quality of soil preparation for sowing; provision of energy consumption reduction due to combination of technological operations in preparation of soils for sowing; lack of expensive assemblies and parts; the need for less energy for aggregation when preparing soils for sowing. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, rational values of the main parameters of the proposed arable milling unit have been established, which have a decisive influence on the process of its operation: speed of movement 1.5... 2.0 m/s; Angle of attack of working element 20... 300; Angular rotation speed of the working tool 20... 25 s-1
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Description
The article focuses on the unique nature of the CBD and the North Caucasus, and to existing problems. It was noted that many areas of protected and recreational areas are eroded and disturbed by human activities and environmental tourism in the regions is not developed. We have made a justification for the establishment of eco-tourism, the key objectives and tasks. On the example of Kabardino-Balkaria, there was set scientific and technological rationale of the organization of the centers of ecological tourism in the regions. The article shows a comparative analysis about the developing ecological tourism in Europe as an active form of recreation. Unlike European counterparts, in our project we have a strong emphasis on the popularization and implementation of environmental technologies for the protection and improvement of springs, hiking trails and recreation areas for tourists. You can find descriptions of the most interesting and amazing natural monuments, and recreation areas divided in ecological routes and areas of the CBD. The mountain zones of the CBD are mainly located in four valleys: in the Baksan, Cherek, Chehem and Malka, where these amazing natural monuments and landscapes are. The authors conducted a field research work for the study of the unique natural sites in all environmental routes and areas of the CBD. In conclusion, it is noted that in our region there is great potential for organization of ecological tourism and all these beautiful natural conditions are the basis for this. The development of ecological tourism will further attract more than 10 thousand tourists who are interested in nature in Kabardino-Balkaria and environmental issues in the region
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EPIZOOTIC DESCRIPTION BIO - AND GEOGELMINTOV SHEEP AND GOATS IN THE MOUNTAIN BELT CHECHEN REPUBLIC
DescriptionIn low-and middle-mountainous Chechnya we have determined local populations of 45 species of sheep helminths, in highland region - 21 species. For sheep, EI varies 2,0-34,0% AI - 1,6 ± 0,2 -231,6 ± 14,0. As for goats, in the low and middle zone we have allocated 27, in the alpine zone - 12 species. The largest epidemiological relevance are Fasciola, Dicrocelium, Echinococcus, moniezia, Bunostoma, Chabertia ovina, Trichostrongyloidosis, Nematodirus, Haemonchosis
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EPIZOOTIC FAUNA ANALYSIS OF CATTLE WORMS IN MOUNTAIN AREA OF CHECHEN REPUBLIC
DescriptionIn the mountainous area of Chechnya cattle population infected with 27 types of bio - and geo worms, including 11 kinds of pp Thichostrpnogylus, Ostertagia, Nematodirus and Bunostomum identified for the first time. In the low zone (altitude 1000 – 1500 m) we determined 23; in the medium (1600 - 2500 m) – 27; in the alpine zone (2500 - 3500 m) - 18 species of worms, because of abiotic and biotic conditions of the region
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EFFECTIVE DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO COMBAT LANDSLIDES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the development of effective technical solutions for the design and construction of landslide protection works on the South of Russia, based on materials of scientific-research works. In this work we perform a scientific analysis of the efficiency of use of natural biopositive materials and products made of them for construction against landslide of the combined and biopositive constructions. The description of the technological processes of manufacture of flexible and gabion mattresses used for the installation of the main fixtures was presented. The results of the researches of technologies of construction of the main anchorages of anti-landslide facilities we given. Advanced technical solutions on construction of anchor devices in radical soil above horizontal fastening were received. We have made a justification of the efficiency of bio-positive technologies in the construction of facilities to protect against landslides. The article gives new constructive and technological decisions on construction of landslide protection works that are protected by patents and positive decisions on inventions and useful models. The technological conditions for the construction of buildings against landslide processes were shown
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Description
The article focuses on current issue of improving the reliability of water intake buildings in the Far North. We have given special operating conditions of these structures, particularly ice drift, shore ice piles, windrowing ice fields and erosion of the bottom of the moving ice field with keel protrusion. We have described physiographic, structural and morphological conditions of the construction site, generalized information on the parameters ice drift during an ice moving in the waters of the Gulf of Ob in Salmanovskaye deposit area. For these conditions, we have accepted to make water intake structure with recessed filtering part and given idea about their ice protection and proposed an effective design of protective constructions for all possible effects of ice hummocks. We have also given a description of bases of technology of construction works the rationale for the design parameters of facilities. In view of the possible load, two rows of closed pile foundations are provided for the protection of water receivers consisting of bored piles and channel filtering grillage. In the first row, near to the water receivers we have provided metallic, lattice constructions from metal profile pipes laid on the top of water receivers on the grillage. The second row of protective structures around water receivers was designed as a halfly indepth monolithic reinforced concrete grillage of rectangular cross-section form with an ice pick from a metal corner rental rendered monolithic on the outside perimeter of the grillage. Concrete grating are designed also to protect the gravity pipelines along the borders. Rectangular grillages interconnected with cross bar bonds witch are also made of reinforced concrete. The proposed technical solutions provide reliable protection against possible water intake facilities including dynamic effects from windrowing ice fields in the Far North. Options include new constructions of underground horizontal and channel filter water intake structures that could be effectively used in such conditions