Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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THE USE OF FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION FOR ANALYTICAL REASONING OF MIXING PROCESS IN THE SCREW MIXER
DescriptionIn the current economic situation, the developing of cattle breeding is taking on special significance. It is well known that the effective way to develop cattle breeding is to increase the total number of efficient livestock. The numerous researches show that the high concentrated fodder premix diet gives the highest effect in increasing animal indicators [1, 2, 3]. Traditionally, the premix is a powder mass, which should be added into the mixture of grain components. Exact following the recipe of prepared fodder allows the maximum usage of forage potential of the concentrate components [4, 5, 6, 7]. In view of the foregoing, food enrichers have special actuality in making high concentrated fodder [8, 9, 10]. The usage of differential Fokker – Planck equation systems allows determining the laws of the mixing process of various granulated products. As a result, it becomes possible to optimize the technological process of the mixerenrichers of concentrated feed so that the resulting mixture of feed would have high quality and technological characteristics. At the same time the duration of sewer-enricher’s work and, as a consequence, the energy intensity of the technological process would accept the minimum possible values [11-16]. The given theoretical approach is based on the consideration of the motion of an individual particle contained in a loose grain mass (phase). Concerning this, it is necessary to accept a number of assumptions about making effort to the feed particles, and the velocity vectors of its initial motion should be taken into account. Taking into account the complexity of the mathematically derived differential equation, its literal analytical solution seems very difficult. Therefore, the first step of the solution is aimed at the obtaining the non-stationary diffusion equation of Fokker - Planck and the boundary conditions for isolating the only one solution. The second step of the solution is implemented by the tabulation at the grid-based points, that is, considering the differential equation not at a random point of the area, but only at the grid nodes. Moreover, it is necessary to apply the approximation of the derivatives at each node. The solution of the equation system allows determining the module of the minimum, average, and maximum values of the phase particle motion in different parts of the mixing chamber, respectively. In connection with this, the aim of the study is to substantiate the processes of motion of various types of granulated products
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THEORETICAL STUDIES OF A MILKING DEVICE WITH AN OVERHEAD MILK REMOVAL FROM THE COLLECTOR
DescriptionThe aim of the research was the theoretical justification of the main design-technological parameters of the experimental milking apparatus with an overhead milk removal from the collector. The milking machine comprises teat cups, collector, pulsator, milk hose, and vacuum. The manifold is formed with an upper withdrawal of milk by means of a vertically mounted suction tube. The upper end of which is located in the output region of the milk tube, and the bottom – in the bottom of the milk camera collector. The article presents the results of theoretical studies on the analytical substantiation of structural and technical parameters of the milking machine. It presents graphic dependences characterizing the convergence of results of theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine
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THE DEVICE FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN PROTECTED FORM IN OUTDOOR AREAS
DescriptionThe carried out analysis studies the influence of various factors on the preservation of agricultural products and shows that it is largely determined by design features of machinery and technological methods of use. The efficiency of agricultural and mobile trailer machines has been forming by service and storage. Low quality of work associated with the storage of agricultural machines is conditioned by the fact that the lack of financial capacity of rural producers on acquisitions of modern equipment and materials for carrying out the preparation of for long storage, and also the construction of modern agricultural machinery storage sites. If a car can be fully or partially protected from the solar radiation, rain and snow, simply by removing it in the room, under a canopy or covered with a protective cover, by the formation of condensation on the surface of the machine units and parts these ways to protect do not work. Enhancing of preservation of agricultural machinery is possible when protecting the vehicles from atmospheric precipitation in the form of snow and rain, influence of solar radiation, and also due to the change heat exchange processes of the machine with the environment that prevents the formation of moisture condensate on its surface, ie. we have to create conditions when cooling rate at which the surface of the machine would be equal to or less the rate of cooling air. This is possible through the use of a special design, which would prevent the intense heat radiation of the machine into the environment, ie, would reflect heat rays using its surface and return them to its surface and thus fulfill the role of the heat shield
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PROBLEMS OF UTILIZATION MANUFACTURABILITY OF MACHINES
DescriptionThe article contains analysis of consumption of the main natural resources and their use in the automotive industry. It is noted that during the manufacture of the car pollution is obtained in 2 times more than in exploitation. It defines the essence of recycling process (autorecycling) and its ecological components. Activity on autorecycling was expressed through the index of recycling efficiency. We have analyzed the global car fleet and average annual amount of automotive waste, million tons per year. We point out that one of the economic components of recycling is the use of parts and mechanisms of machines ready for further use, by qualitative technical diagnostics with use of diagnostics devices. The problem of utilization technological effectiveness of cars as set of the properties characterizing fitness of a design to utilization at the minimum costs of time, work, means, providing the minimum negative impact on environment and the maximum involvement of components of the written-off equipment in processing or a reuse is considered. The main definitions and factors defining utilization technological effectiveness and its main indicators are given. The main ways of increasing of utilization technological effectiveness of cars are offered and the conclusion is drawn that simplifying dismantling of the car on automobile components, reducing dismantle time, time of draining of everything, the liquids and oils applied at operation, applying environmentally friendly materials, etc., the designer can increase technological effectiveness of the car at utilization. As a result of the solved task we have got ecological and economic effect of vehicle recycling
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MODERNIZATION OF ZIL-5301 FOR USE IN AGRICULTURE
DescriptionThe role of transport in agricultural production is considerable. It is a connecting link in a single technological chain of agroindustrial complex of the country. The successful production activity of agricultural enterprises depends largely on the proper use of available forces and means. One of such means is machine-tractor fleet relating to technical basis of agricultural production. Its functioning is reflected in the whole cycle of production, from planting and ending with cleaning. Therefore, the use of the machine and tractor must ensure receipt of the highest possible efficiency at the lowest cost, as production cost agricultural production includes in its membership the costs of mechanized and transport works, which should be kept to a minimum. In this regard, transport processes should be carried out the most rational means. Rational application of those or other vehicles is based on ratios of basic load ratings, adaptability to the changing road conditions, terrain, improving functionality, improved adaptation to technical operation in the conditions of agricultural production. When choosing a vehicle, special attention must be paid to the size of the economy, the direction of its activities, the structure of commodity products, and the degree of its centralization. For successful economic activities of the agricultural enterprise it requires a different carrying capacity and terrain vehicles. At present, the majority of the automobile park of agricultural enterprises is cars and trains of general purpose, which have large load capacity and low permeability. In the agricultural enterprises of the Ryazan region today there are about 4.5 thousand commercial vehicles, mostly models of GAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. The issue of reducing the cost of transport operation should be individualized for each sector because of its distinctive features (activity, volume of traffic, the structure of commodity production, the state of farm roads, etc.)
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MATH DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS OF THE AUTOMOBILE DIAGNOSING PARAMETER CHANGE
DescriptionThe article shows the importance of math description and grounding the function taking into account the process of changing the parameter when developing the methodology of automobile diagnosing. It is pointed out that after all the prediction error and effort depend on the choice of approximating function. The wrong choice of the function can bring to naught all the efforts to manage safety margin and other parameters of cars elements. One can find the requirements to math description and grounding the function of the parameter change. Based on the analysis of factors influencing the process of parameters change and requirements to math description of this process we have noticed that it is necessary to approximate the change (increase) of the state variable by the chance ordered function with increasing realizations. One can consider the parameter change realization both strictly and not as a monotone function ranging from zero to the limit change of the parameter. We have mentioned that the fore-quoted reasoning with the account of two groups of factors make possible to investigate the parameter change at this or that moment of work as a sum of two random values. We have made a conclusion that they usually express the link between the change rate (for instance, detail wear rate) and the readings of the material properties and functioning conditions (metal skin hardness, unit loading on the detail surface, its relative rate of movement) by the functional determined dependence got as a result of lab tests or theoretical study. In the conclusion, one can see that the analysis of the results of math description of the process of the parameter change is sufficient enough
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A MODERN APPROACH TO POTATO PRODUCTION
DescriptionPotato has been and remains one of the five world's most important crops. For nearly two hundred years potato in Russia is the "second bread". This is one of the so-called social products. Over the past 20 - 25 years of potato farming in our country, there have been significant changes, both positive and negative. Today, potatoes are grown in different soil and climatic conditions in more than one hundred countries around the world, including the desert oasis and beyond the polar circle. Potato cultivation Center recently has moved to Asia. In our time, the leaders of potato production are China, Russia, India, the US and Ukraine. Over the past few decades the number of produced potatoes has increased by 41% and the area under potato planting only 9.5%. From the above data it is clear that the world potato economy in recent years has got significant changes, indicating that the timeliness and relevance of the material in this article is true
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FORECASTING THE AUTOMOBILE STATE ON THE BASIS OF APPROXIMATION OF ITS ELEMENTS PARAMETERS CHANGE
DescriptionThe article shows the necessity to consider the inter-control result to forecast the automobile state and present it as a random value. It is pointed out, that the character of the automobile element parameter change is determined by the determined function and the criteria of this or that function choice. It is stated, that the variation coefficient serves as a criteria of approximation. Besides, the element resource variation coefficient is obviously more informative as it results calculations at the whole range of parameter change with consideration of this change character when the coefficient of the parameter change variation can reflect the approximation degree only on one or several sections. It is underlined that in a case of the parameter change functions approximation it is necessary to consider the automobile details break-in when one can see the short and sharp increase of the parameter change. Moreover, we have made a conclusion that the forecast error and intensity depend finally on the choice of the approximating function. The wrong choice of the function can bring to naught all the efforts to direct the safety margin and other parameters of the automobile elements. We have found out that the power function of thee parameter change is quite unique. This function coefficients having distinct physical sense are few. This shows the convenience of the wide use of the degree function for practical forecast. The approximation error of parameter change might be influenced (along with a selection of the function) by the accuracy of determining its coefficients. Finally, we have made a conclusion that it is very desirable after choosing and finding the coefficients of any approximating equation to convert it into one definite function and develop the forecast apparatus, tables, nomograms and so on for it. This is the only way of using the wide class of approximating equations when having relatively small math and other provision of the forecast
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Description
Due to the deterioration of the ecological situation in the world, population tends to eat organically grown foods that are grown either without or with minimal use of chemicals. The development of agriculture in this direction leads ultimately to organic agriculture. To improve the competitiveness of this direction, we need more effective agricultural machines, especially in the last phase of cultivation, namely at the stage of harvesting. One of the most difficult scientific and technical problems with the mechanical harvesting of potatoes is not letting vegetable impurities and tops to fall down in the hopper with the potato tubers, which among other things will improve operational efficiency technology. The article reviewed the various methods for removing the tops, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The article makes a conclusion about the need for potato top separators in harvesting machines. We have also considered a promising device for removing haulm, a conveyor with flexible fingers on the bars and the clamping beater. Тhe most short-lived structural element of the device for removing haulm, reducing reliability of the device, is flexible fingers mounted on rods. We have proposed to use polyurethane as a material for manufacturing flexible fingers
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Description
The role of transport in agricultural production is significant. It is the connecting link in the technological chain of the agro-industrial complex (of the APC). On-farm transport in the APC together with cars and tractor transport are widely used. The rationality of the use of wheeled tractors for farm transport substantiates the possibility of their movement on asphalt and on dirt roads. The specific gravity of the tractor transport in the domestic agriculture is 22-27% of the total volume of transport and 50-60% of the volume of farm traffic. A high level of use of tractor transport has been observed in the countries of Western Europe and the USA. In the farms of leading countries of Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, etc.) about 70- 90% on-farm transport of agricultural goods is done by tractor transport. Tractor transport in a live environment is running on roads with varying terrain, a wavy profile cover, on soils with different hardness and humidity. When driving vehicles at high speeds, the trailer is wobbling from side to side, constantly accompanying tractor transport during its operation. As a result, it is bad for propulsion, transmission, and it deteriorates the dynamic performance properties of equipment, working conditions of the operator. To reduce the amplitude of oscillations of the trailer, the operator is forced to work strenuously with the steering wheel or to slow down the speed, which in turn affects operator fatigue, as well as the performance and maneuverability of the vehicle. Thus, advanced technologies in electronics, sensor technology and software will determine the nature of agro-technical innovations and will lead to increased automation of business processes in crop production with the aim to organize the work more effectively, efficiently, accurately, environmentally friendly and economically feasible. When working with intelligent technologies, understanding the development of high-tech, precision engineering requires a revision to the personnel policy and education in agriculture, which should be based on the relevant organization of farms and their proper new type engineering solutions