01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn the article the application of systemic-cognitive analysis and its mathematical model i.e. the system theory of the information and its program toolkit which is "Eidos" system for loading images from graphics files, synthesis of the generalized images of classes, their abstraction, classification of the generalized images (clusters and constructs) comparisons of concrete images with the generalized images (identification) are examined. We suggest using the theory of information for processing the data and its size for every pixel which indicates that the image is of a certain class. A numerical example is given in which on the basis of a number of specific examples of images belonging to different classes, forming generalized images of these classes, independent of their specific implementations, i.e., the "Eidoses" of these images (in the definition of Plato) – the prototypes or archetypes of images (in the definition of Jung). But the "Eidos" system provides not only the formation of prototype images, which quantitatively reflects the amount of information in the elements of specific images on their belonging to a particular proto-types, but a comparison of specific images with generic (identification) and the generalization of pictures images with each other (classification)
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article examines the historical aspect of the appearance of the concept of the photon, which was introduced through the works of Planck, Einstein, Compton, Lewis. It is noted that the photon has both corpuscular characteristics (momentum, mass, energy) and wave (frequency, wavelength), which are interconnected. Thus, the photon has dual properties – of a particle and a wave. The article deals with the analysis described in the literature of the photon model proposed by S.M. Polyakov and O.S. Polyakova, F.M. Konarevym-Krauzerom, V.G.Kozlovym and S.I. Chervyakov, as well as with their advantages and disadvantages. A version of the model in the form of a photon of two identical but oppositely charged halfmass, which simultaneously perform translational, rotational and vibrational motion was suggested. We have shown derivation of the amplitude of vibration of the two half-mass photon connected with simple relation with wavelength, described with this photon. On this basis, it is concluded that the state of a photon is characterized by a rotational movement of its oppositely charged half-stuff, which radius (r) is the amplitude of the oscillation process of each of the half-mass, and described by oppositely charged half-mass circumference length S in expanded form in a result of the progressive movement is the length wave l. This work displays the wave equation describing the motion of photons in the form of a standing wave which is a complete analog-independent Schrödinger equation for the motion of an electron in a hydrogen atom
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Warm, warmth and internal energy of a body
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article discusses the question of the concepts of heat and internal energy of a body. The analysis of these concepts in the historical aspect and the views of the author, based on the new photon theory of atomic structure were presented in this study. The analysis of the historical aspect of this question tells that the concepts of heat and internal energy of the body for a long time were associated with the concept of caloric, which can flow in the substance. The next step was the identification of the concept of heat with energy linked with the movement and work. In accordance with this, Clausius proved the equivalence of heat and work as the first principle of the theory of heat and introduced the concept of internal energy, which can be increased in two ways - making work on body, and summing heat to it. Thus, energy was the main uniting factor of work and heat. Then, the kinetic theory of heat, as the energy of motion of molecules, was developed by Maxwell and caloric model turned out to be a hindrance in the development of the theory of heat. In fact, the internal energy of the body is determined photons, rotating around charged particles in atoms in their orbitals. The series of photons are combined into a single photon orbital direction of rotation of the photons, which are different from each other. Thus, the body has an internal energy or internal heat. It is due to the energy of photons, orbiting electrons in the outer shell of each atom, as well as around the charged particles - electrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom. This internal energy may be increased by mechanical action on the body, leading to an increase in resulting oscillation frequency of photons around charged particles of atoms and the internal heat contained in the body can flow of the body with a higher concentration of heat to the body with a lower concentration of heat
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe study of the thermo-physical properties of liquids gives an opportunity of qualitative and quantitative evaluation of condensed matter theory, phase transitions and critical phenomena. To forecast the thermo-dynamic properties of liquid natural hydrocarbons one must know the basic heat-physical characteristics in a wide range of condition parameters. We have researched specific isobaric thermal heat capacity of gas condensates of Oposhnyanskoye, Solokhovskoye, Bukharskoye, Rybalskoye, Stavropolskoye, Schebelinskoye and Yubileinoye deposits theoretically and experimentally. These substances were in liquid phase on pseudo-critical isobar in the range of temperatures from minus 40 till 100 °C. In the article the findings of the investigation are presented. The mean relative experimental error doesn’t exceed ± 1.5 %, with reliability 0.95. The universal equation expressing specific isobaric thermal heat capacity as the function of temperature and molar mass has been obtained. It describes specific isobaric thermal heat capacity on pseudo-critical isobar for investigated natural hydrocarbons with the mean relative error, which does not exceed ± 1.65 %. The use of the equation for the calculation of specific isobaric thermal heat capacity of the substances of other deposits is recommended
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About fragile fracture of solids in the formation of a "narrow" isolated defect
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWe obtain a macroscopic criterion of fragile fracture (limit curve) when creating an isolated defect in the form of “narrow” undercut, when conformal mapping of the exterior of a unit circle on the plane with de-effect in the form of a recess defined by cut fiber-foam series. It is shown that in this case, the limit curve has the form identical to the case when the defect is set to "narrow" ellipse. The same crack oriented along either the compressive stress or tensile perpendicular stress. From here, we can suggest that the shape and geometric properties of a sufficiently "narrow" defect do not affect the values of the critical loads required to start its distribution
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article presents a project of the Yang-Mills amplifier. Amplifier model is a multilayer spherical shell with increasing density towards the center. In the center of the amplifier is the core of high-density material. It is shown that in such a system, the amplitude of the Yang-Mills waves rises from the periphery to the center of several orders of magnitude. The role of the Yang-Mills field in the processes occurring in the nuclei of galaxies, stars and planets is discussed. The data modeling to strengthen the Yang-Mills field in the bowels of the planet, with an atomic explosion, and in some special devices such as the voltaic pile. To describe the mechanism of amplification chromodynamics field used as accurate results in Yang-Mills theory and numerical models developed based on an average and the exact equations as well. Among the exact solutions of the special role played by the centralsymmetric metric describing the contribution of the Yang-Mills field in the speed of recession of galaxies. Among the approximate numerical models can be noted the eight-scalar model we have developed for the simulation of non-linear color oscillations and chaos in the Yang-Mills theory. Earlier models were investigated spatio-temporal oscillations of the YangMills theory in the case of three and eight colors. The results of numerical simulation show that the nonlinear interaction does not lead to a spatial mixing of colors as it might be in the case of turbulent diffusion. Depending on the system parameters there is a suppression of the amplitude of the oscillations the first three by five colors or vice versa. The kinetic energy fluctuations or shared equally between the color components, or dominated by the kinetic energy of repressed groups of colors. In the present study, we found that amplification chromodynamic field leads to a sharp increase in the amplitude of the suppressed color, which can lead to an increase in entropy, excitation of nuclear reactions and decays particles
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article presents a model for choosing a variety of alternative solutions, in which we have a subset of turns or more alternative options, based on the use of the Bayesian approach, based on the formulated concept of security functions as a priori estimate of the effects of the decision. This reduces the projected parameters and, therefore, increases the values of security. Thus, the considered indicators of data protection reflect the essence of Bayesian approach to decision making and management of GIS, so it allows to generate optimal decision rules
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STATISTICAL MODELS DECISION SUPPORT FOR INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT IN AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article deals with mathematical models of management decision-making to select the option to protect the AU, based on sufficient statistical information about attacks on the AU. The amount of a priori uncertainty about the choice of protection option in GIS was described with Boltzmann's entropy. Introduction of the value within Shannon’s definition of mutual information is called the context random variables, it allows removing the uncertainty regarding the actions of the enemy, and it enables decisionmakers to choose protection options. The model of decision for choosing the type of protection of the AIS presented in the article is based on sufficient statistical information about the attacks to the system components. In the ideal case, for decision-making, we use large sample statistical data that provides high accuracy control system for protection of information. Based on the available amount of information available to the IPA, against the acts of SIN, it is possible to choose a decision on the choices you make
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NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the nonparametric point and interval estimation of the characteristics of the probabilistic distribution (the expectation, median, variance, standard deviation, variation coefficient) of the sample results. Sample values are regarded as the implementation of independent and identically distributed random variables with an arbitrary distribution function having the desired number of moments. Nonparametric analysis procedures are compared with the parametric procedures, based on the assumption that the sample values have a normal distribution. Point estimators are constructed in the obvious way - using sample analogs of the theoretical characteristics. Interval estimators are based on asymptotic normality of sample moments and functions from them. Nonparametric asymptotic confidence intervals are obtained through the use of special output technology of the asymptotic relations of Applied Statistics. In the first step this technology uses the multidimensional central limit theorem, applied to the sums of vectors whose coordinates are the degrees of initial random variables. The second step is the conversion limit multivariate normal vector to obtain the interest of researcher vector. At the same considerations we have used linearization and discarded infinitesimal quantities. The third step - a rigorous justification of the results on the asymptotic standard for mathematical and statistical reasoning level. It is usually necessary to use the necessary and sufficient conditions for the inheritance of convergence. This article contains 10 numerical examples. Initial data - information about an operating time of 50 cutting tools to the limit state. Using the methods developed on the assumption of normal distribution, it can lead to noticeably distorted conclusions in a situation where the normality hypothesis failed. Practical recommendations are: for the analysis of real data we should use nonparametric confidence limits
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn various applications it is necessary to analyze some expert orderings, ie clustered rankings of examination objects. These areas include technical studies, ecology, management, economics, sociology, forecasting, etc. The objects may make samples of the products, technologies, mathematical models, projects, job applicants and others. We obtain clustered rankings which can be both with the help of experts and objective way, for example, by comparing the mathematical models with experimental data using a particular quality criterion. The method described in this article was developed in connection with the problems of chemical safety and environmental security of the biosphere. We propose a new method for constructing a clustered ranking which can be average (in the sense, discussed in this work) for all clustered rankings under our consideration. Then the contradictions between the individual initial rankings are contained within clusters average (coordinated) ranking. As a result, ordered clusters reflects the general opinion of the experts, more precisely, the total that is contained simultaneously in all the original rankings. Newly built clustered ranking is often called the matching (coordinated) ranking with respect to the original clustered rankings. The clusters are enclosed objects about which some of the initial rankings are contradictory. For these objects is necessary to conduct the new studies. These studies can be formal mathematics (calculation of the Kemeny median, orderings by means of the averages and medians of ranks, etc.) or these studies require involvement of new information from the relevant application area, it may be necessary conduct additional scientific research. In this article we introduce the necessary concepts and we formulate the new algorithm of construct the coordinated ranking for some cluster rankings in general terms, and its properties are discussed