01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
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SYNERGETIC METHOD IN THE COGNITION OF MICRO- AND MACRO PHENOMENA: THE EVOLUTIONARY PICTURE OF NATURE
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThis article reveals a relevant idea of the evolution-al character of modern science. The validity of the unity of nature idea is shown on the concrete cos-mology and physics data. The work unites the con-ceptions of evolution and self-organization. The universe is seen as a dissipative system with period-ically removable elements (elementary dissipative systems). The cooperative evolution presupposes the presence of the circulation between the macro - and micro components of the evolving system as well as the growing complication of the evolution branches. It is stated that the fundamental role in the development of sciences about nature is played by outward factors, i. e. the common cultural back-ground and the cognition development level. At the same time, of a great methodological interest is the disclosure of the internal stimulating motives of development and the interconnection of the devel-opment stages of natural sciences
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the solution of the problem which is the fact that on the one hand, the rating of Russian universities is in demand and on the other hand it hasn’t been created yet. The proposed idea of solving the problem consists in the application of domestic licensing of innovative intelligent technologies for these purposes: we have suggested using an automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tools – the intelligent system called "Eidos". These methods are described in detail in this context. It is proposed to consider the possibility of applying these tools on the example of the Guardian University ranking. The article discusses its private criteria (indicators of universities). We specify the sources of data and the methods of their preparation for processing in "Eidos" system. In accordance with ASC-analysis methodology the article describes the installation of "Eidos", the data input into it, and the formalization of the subject area, synthesis and verification of models, their display and use to solve problems of assessment of the Guardian rating for Russian universities and research object modeling. It also discusses the prospects and ways of development of the integrated rating of Russian universities and operation of rating in adaptive mode. We have also specified the limitations of the proposed approach and the prospects of its development
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SYSTEM FUZZY INTERVAL MATHEMATICS - A PROMISING AREA OF THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL MATHEMATICS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe article b riefly considers the prospects of some “points of growth” in the modern theoretical and computational mathematics: the numbers and sets, i.e. the base of modern mathematics; mathematical, pragmatic and computer numbers; from the usual sets - to unclear; the theory of fuzzy sets and “fuzzy dou-bling” of mathematics; the mix of fuzzy set theory to the theory of random sets; interval numbers as a spe-cial case of fuzzy sets; development of interval mathematics (interval doubling of mathematics); the system as a generalization of a multitude; the systematic generalization of mathematics and tasks emerging; the systematic generalization of operations on sets (on the example of the operation of the Boolean association); the systematic generalization of the concept of functions and functional dependencies participation; cognitive function; the matrix of knowledge as fuzziness with an estimated degree of truth of showing data systems arguments on the system of values of the function; modification of the method of least squares for the approximation of cognitive functions; development of the idea of the systematic generalization of mathematics in the field of information theory – system emergent information theory; information measures of the level of consistency; ratios of emergence; direct and opposite, direct and indirect logical reasoning with an estimated level of truth; intellectual system of Eidos X++ as a toolkit that implements the ideas of system of a fuzzy interval sum of mathematics
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SCALAR WAVES AND WIRELESS POWER
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIt is established that in the classical electrodynamics with Lorenz gauge there are solutions in the form of waves of scalar and vector potential at zero magnetic and electric field. It is shown that wave scalar and vector potential can interact with the substance, causing ionization of the atoms and molecules. The analogue of scalar waves in electrodynamics and sound waves in gas dynamics is discussed. Proposed technical application of the waves of scalar and vector potential similar to acoustic waves. Discusses Tesla invented electrical device capable of generating and receiving scalar waves
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THE SPEED OF GRAVITY AND HYPER-FAST TRAVEL IN GENERAL RELATIVITY
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe equation of parabolic type, describing the evolution of the gravitational field on the scale of the solar system, galaxy and cluster galaxies is derived from the Einstein equation. Space-time metric compatible with the post-Newtonian approximation and the metric of the expanding universe, and allowing hyper-fast travel in Einstein's theory of gravitation is considered. It is shown that the speed of hyper-fast travel depends on the implementation, including the parameters of ground state of the expanding universe. A criterion for the maximum speed of motion of material bodies has been proposed
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CURRENT STATUS OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionNonparametric statistics is one of the five points of growth of applied mathematical statistics. Despite the large number of publications on specific issues of nonparametric statistics, the internal structure of this research direction has remained undeveloped. The purpose of this article is to consider its division into regions based on the existing practice of scientific activity determination of nonparametric statistics and classify investigations on nonparametric statistical methods. Nonparametric statistics allows to make statistical inference, in particular, to estimate the characteristics of the distribution and testing statistical hypotheses without, as a rule, weakly proven assumptions about the distribution function of samples included in a particular parametric family. For example, the widespread belief that the statistical data are often have the normal distribution. Meanwhile, analysis of results of observations, in particular, measurement errors, always leads to the same conclusion - in most cases the actual distribution significantly different from normal. Uncritical use of the hypothesis of normality often leads to significant errors, in areas such as rejection of outlying observation results (emissions), the statistical quality control, and in other cases. Therefore, it is advisable to use nonparametric methods, in which the distribution functions of the results of observations are imposed only weak requirements. It is usually assumed only their continuity. On the basis of generalization of numerous studies it can be stated that to date, using nonparametric methods can solve almost the same number of tasks that previously used parametric methods. Certain statements in the literature are incorrect that nonparametric methods have less power, or require larger sample sizes than parametric methods. Note that in the nonparametric statistics, as in mathematical statistics in general, there remain a number of unresolved problems
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MODERN ECONOMETRIC METHODS - INTELLECTUAL TOOLS OF ENGINEERS, MANAGERS AND ECONOMISTS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionStatistical methods are widely used in domestic feasibility studies. However, for most managers, economists and engineers, they are exotic. This is because modern statistical methods are not taught in the universities. We discuss the situation, focusing on the statistical methods for economic and feasibility studies, ie, econometrics. In the world of science, econometrics has a rightful place. There are scientific journals in econometrics, Nobel Prizes in Economics are awarded to series of researches in econometrics. The situation in the field of scientific and practical work and especially the teaching of econometrics in Russia is disadvantaged. Often, individual particular constructions replace econometrics in general, such as those related to regression analysis. In econometrics we select three types of scientific and applied activities: development and study of methods of applied statistics, taking into account the specifics of economic data; development and study of econometric models, in accordance with the specific needs of economic science and practice; the use of econometric methods for statistical analysis of specific economic data. This article describes these three types of scientific and applied activities. We discuss the specificity of economic data. We show the importance of economic non-numeric values. We discuss the statistics of interval data - scientific direction at the joint of metrology and statistics. We give the representation of the econometric models. Problems of application of econometric methods are considered as an example of inflation. We discuss the statistics and econometrics as the field of scientific and practical activities. We have examined econometric methods in practical and training activities
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MODERN VIEW ON THE SPACE-TIME CONTINUUM
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn the article, the goal is a new way to consider some of the processes and phenomena occurring in the Universe and the world around us, to try and answer the question – what is actually a time? To give a contemporary, according to the author, the conceptual apparatus of the categories of space and time. Another goal of the work is to give hypotheses for further developments in the study of the laws of dialectics through existing-relational relations of space objects
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STATE AND PROSPECTS OF APPLIED AND THEORETICAL STATISTICS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe general scheme of modern statistical science is just like this. Mathematical Statistics is a part of mathematics that studies the statistical structure (it itself does not give recipes analysis of statistical data, however, it is developing methods that are useful for use in theoretical statistics). Theoretical Statistics - the science dedicated to the models and methods of analysis of concrete statistical data. Applied Statistics (in the narrow sense) is devoted to the statistical techniques of data collection and processing (it includes the methodology of statistical methods, the organization of sample surveys, the development of statistical techniques, the creation and use of statistical software). Applications of statistical methods in concrete fields (in economics and management - Econometrics, in biology - Biometrics, in chemistry - Chemometrics, in technical research - Technometric, in geology, demography, sociology, medicine, history, etc.). Often positions 2 and 3 together are called Applied Statistics. Sometimes position 1 is called Theoretical Statistics. These terminological differences are related to the fact that the above-described development of the considered scientific and applied field not once, not completely and not always adequately reflected in the minds of experts. Meanwhile, there are still textbooks of appropriate level of representation of the mid-twentieth century. The article analyzes the post-war development of the national statistics. We have identified five "growth points": nonparametrics, robustness, bootstrap, statistics of interval data, and statistics of non-numeric data. We have discussed content, development and the basic ideas of statistics of nonnumeric data. We have given a number of unresolved problems of theoretical and applied statistics
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HADRONS MASS SPECTRUM AND THE GLUON THERMODYNAMICS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIt is shown, that the hadron mass spectrum can be associated with the energy of the excited states of gluon condensate. Gluon thermodynamics is built on the basis of this concept. The transition temperature of hadronic matter to the quark-gluon plasma calculated on the basis of this model is about 175,856 MeV, which is consistent with experimental data and calculations based on lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD)