05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
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PROCESS EVALUTION OF SEEDS PRE-SEEDING TREATMENT WITH INFRARED RADIATION
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe main subject spotted in this article is a calculation method which helps to depict optimal temperature conditions for seeds stimulation by infrared radiation useful for electromagnetic processing and seed-pelleting with perlit next. The analysis helped to depict that the convenient technical aspects of shortwave infrared radiation is in range 0,76-1,4 mcm. This kind of infrared radiation has the greatest penetrating power into the grain to stimulate. According to the methodology a rapid increase of the temperature of seeds after the critical point reaching during IR treatment leads to the properties deterioration of the of thermolabile materials. The temperature gradient during the IR treatment of seeds has the opposite direction of moisture content and depends on the preliminary humidity of the material. This affects the pre-planting cultivation quality of seeds. To avoid overheating and seeds damage there was a mathematical model of the optimal temperature of the IR radiation calculated. As the result of this method there was obtained the calculation of temperature conditions for IR treatment and heating rate depending on seeds humidity. This calculation method helps to define optimal temperature conditions to avoid harmful influence on seeds due to heating. There was data fitting during this method creation and evaluation which defines the effectiveness and perspective of this elaboration
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FEATURES OF TECHNICAL RISK ASSESSMENT UNDER NON-DETERMINISTIC STOCHASTIC PARAMETERS
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article considers a variant of parametric representation of a complex product of single use in the process of its creation during tests, when structural failures of the product or its components in one or more parameters specified in the technical specification require modifications leading to a change in the general amount and repeating of the tests, but it is possible to reduce the volume of tests by taking into account a priori information. This is especially up-to-date while ensuring the reliability of complex single – use products, the components of which are first stages of ground tests, and only then as part of complex products-the stages of flight tests. Structural failure of any component of such a product at the stage of ground tests does not lead to such consequences as if it occurred during flight tests as part of the product. Meanwhile, the refinement of the component element of a single-use product, the structural failure of which occurred at the stage of flight tests as part of the product, and the assessment of its effectiveness, can be carried out at the stage of ground tests, in the case of consideration of a complex product in parametric form. This can significantly reduce the cost of flight testing of a complex product, in the case of effective completion of the component element of the product at the stage of ground tests, without a significant (temporary) decrease in the overall reliability of a complex single-use product
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PARAMETERS OF CORN PREPARATION VALVE MILT
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe purpose of this study is to determine the basic geometric parameters and the kinematic mode of operation of a roll mill intended for threshing corn cobs at the selection stage. Currently, for the threshing of the corn cobs on seeds at the selection stage, disk threshers of the type MKD-M are used in most cases. These devices practically do not injure the seeds, but it can reach 7-8%. In this case, the cob should be re-threshed, which significantly reduces productivity. One of the promising ways to increase the productivity of threshing corn cobs at the selection stage, while maintaining the minimum level of seed crushing, is the use of roller threshing devices. But there are no commercially available corn roller grinders to date. There are only prototypes. One of the most important requirements for corn threshers is the complete exclusion of seed mixing during the change of the treated cobs. Taking into account that the nomenclature of processed breeding numbers can include hundreds of titles, self-cleaning of working organs is extremely necessary to reduce manual labor costs. We have developed an experimental sample of a roller thresher with two horizontally arranged working elements, which showed a high quality of cob threshing in the course of prospecting studies. In the proposed design of the thresher, the problem of self-cleaning of working organs is absent. To determine the basic parameters of the roll mill, which ensures high quality of the cob threshing, we have conducted a full-factor experiment. The following factors were used as controlled factors: diameter of working elements (rolls) and rotation speed of their rotation. The remaining parameters of the grind were justified on the basis of our previous studies of the operation of corn threshers of various types. The criterion of optimization was the crushing of grain, and the quality of the restriction was used such an indicator as a grain of grain. The material for research was the cobs of the Krasnodar hybrid 425 MV. As a result of the studies, the following optimal parameters of the corn selection thresher were established: roll diameter - 152 mm; rotational speed of rollers - 767 min-1; the minimum clearance between rollers is 6 mm: the height of the protrusion of the working surface of the threshing roll is 10 mm
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionWe present results on proving parameters of the device for maintaining uniform flow of liquid in hydraulic row sowing machine for seedling plants. Main difference between row sowing in greenhouse and in field is 10 to 20 times less width between rows. Existing sowing machines (because of little width between rows) can only perform scattered sowing. A method and a scheme of the device for maintaining uniform flow of polydispersed system (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) are theoretically proved. Parameters of the device for maintaining uniform flow of polydispersed system (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) are experimentally proved. We have also defined the effect of pipe’s position in the tank on flow of polydispersed system out of it and the effect of polydispersed system parameters (working liquid – seeds of seedling plants) on peculiarities of hydraulic sowing technological process. Testing the experimental row sowing machine for seedling plants determined that this machine adequately performs sowing process and increases productivity 8.3 times compared to manual sowing
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PRODUCTION PROSPECTS FOR PROTEIN FEEDS MADE FROM SUNFLOWER SEEDS IN SMALL FARMING ENTERPRISES
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe quality of feed is one of the main factors determining the development of industries necessary for the country. In this regard, extrusion technologies for processing raw materials of plant origin are of great interest. The prospect of processing plant raw materials using thermoplastic extrusion is due to two main reasons: first, the large volume and variety of products produced using this technology, and, secondly, the economic effect that gives the production of extrusion products by expanding the consumer properties of the feed produced. Extrusion equipment not only expands the range of feed, but also increases the employment of the rural population during the off-season. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the prospects for the introduction of protein feed production by extruders from sunflower seeds in small agricultural enterprises. The study used an analytical review and analysis of published and patent information on technical means – extruders used for the production of protein feed from oilseeds, such as sunflower. The analysis of literature sources on the work of the existing forage preparation equipment showed that serial machines are metal-consuming, energy-consuming, used with low efficiency, due to technical and technological shortcomings. The analytical review of patent sources of extruders for preparation of compound feeds for the purpose of identification of the direction of their development and elimination of shortcomings of the existing is given. Modernization of extruders for the preparation of feed in the patent information goes in different ways, depending on the goal, which will improve their productivity and quality of protein feed. Serial production of technical equipment for the preparation of protein feed allows you to compete with foreign technology. Therefore, the development and improvement of serial domestic equipment for the preparation of protein feed from sunflower seeds for functional purposes are competitive and significantly cheaper and can reduce energy costs for their extrusion, which is an urgent task
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USE OF MECHANICAL CLEANING AND COLOR SORTING OF SEED GRAIN AND CORN COBS IN MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionSpecial aspects of grain heap and corn cobs trapping by modern mechanisms and plants with photoelements have been considered, also the main ways of their functional developing are disclosed
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USE OF RADIOACTIVE AGROBIOTECHNOLOGIES IN STORING AND PROCESSING OF PLANT MATERIALS
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article analyzes the patented in different countries methods of using of the ionizing radiation in processes of storing and processing of plant materials. Description of nature of the radioactive treatment and the ionizing radiation is given; examples of possible sources of the ionizing radiation are listed. Advantages and disadvantages of the radioactive treatment are shown. The patent search in databases of the WIPO was carried out. Patents, registered in countries like Korea, China, Japan, etc., were analyzed. Methods, realization of which allows sterilizing of material and increasing its storing period, and also improving its processing, were systematized. The carried out survey of the patent documentation revealed, that at the present time there is quite a number of methods of using of the ionizing radiation in storing and processing of plant materials, which can be explained by the fact, that irradiation allows to solve quite effectively a number of important tasks, such as sterilizing the material and modifying chemical substances in its content. In the article it is also shown, that, nevertheless, issues of safety and quality of irradiated products have not yet been fully resolved. In the end, the conclusion was made about the relevance of further research in this field
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PRINCIPLE OF DIFFERENTIAL THRESHING DEVICE OPERATION
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionPlanetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of the Executive bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Roller working bodies, for the drive of which planetary mechanisms are used, are increasingly being used in the designs of harvesting machines. The processes occurring in the differential threshing devices of harvesting machines are poorly understood, due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the event of rapidly changing stresses in them. This work is the result of the analysis of previous theoretical as well as experimental studies in the field of threshing. We describe the technological scheme of the shock-vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. The possible variants of arrangement of drum rolls and drumming are considered. The relationship between the angular velocities of the drum, the drum rolls and the sub-drum is elucidated. Installation of three-sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us allows additional shaking of the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe aim of the work is to establish rational parameters on the basis of analytical and experimental research, in terms of obtaining the maximum performance of the unit based on a class 5 tractor, an automatic gear shift system. We have proposed a device for automatic gear shifting, in which the pressure of the working fluid in the pneumatic-hydraulic accumulator installed in the power transmission of the tractor of the elastic-damping mechanism, equivalent to the engine torque, was used as an input signal. The task of optimizing the tracking device and the actuator of the automatic shift system is the definition based on the theory of automatic regulation of the rational flow cross section of the damper throttle and the time delay of the system response to ensure the input signal with the necessary filtering in frequency and phase. The study presents the results of the tests carried out under laboratory conditions, which showed that the automatic gear shift system provides gear shifting at an external load frequency in the range from 0 to 0.24 s-1, direct assessments of the quality of the automatic gear shift system: oscillation (0), overshoot (0%) and time of the transition process (2...4 s), meet the requirements for their work. The analysis of the results obtained in experimental studies showed that the productivity of the machine-tractor plowing unit with a class 5 tractor-model equipped with the developed system of automatic gear change is higher by 10.6%, and the specific fuel consumption is 8.1% lower compared to the serial version
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionWe have made calculations using the values of dung delivered after the analysis of laboratory research of the soil and irrigation water delivered with organic fertilizers. Based on the data on values of hydraulic resistance coefficients of mixer elements, mixing chamber and diffuser, we found diameters of pressure pipelines, reduced head of NGPR mixer, velocity of flow discharge from mixing nozzles and the mixing chamber. According to the design data of the pump head values, those of the mixer head, the head on inlet into the mixer and head in a reservoir of constant pressure a possibility was received to specify values of factors under studies on location of irrigation system and to test the design data with the help of the experimental value received. A low head system with hydraulic and geometric parameters of mixing is recommended for small farms