№ 110(6), June, 2015
Public date: 30.06.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 121, 265 kb
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BASIC RESULTS OF THE MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF CLASSIFICATION
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe mathematical theory of classification contains a large number of approaches, models, methods, algorithms. This theory is very diverse. We distinguish three basic results in it - the best method of diagnosis (discriminant analysis), an adequate indicator of the quality of discriminant analysis algorithm, the statement about stopping after a finite number of steps iterative algorithms of cluster analysis. Namely, on the basis of Neyman - Pearson Lemma we have shown that the optimal method of diagnosis exists and can be expressed through probability densities corresponding to the classes. If the densities are unknown, one should use non-parametric estimators of training samples. Often, we use the quality indicator of diagnostic algorithm as "the probability (or share) the correct classification (diagnosis)" - the more the figure is the better algorithm is. It is shown that widespread use of this indicator is unreasonable, and we have offered the other - "predictive power", obtained by the conversion in the model of linear discriminant analysis. A stop after a finite number of steps of iterative algorithms of cluster analysis method is demonstrated by the example of k-means. In our opinion, these results are fundamental to the theory of classification and every specialist should be familiar with them for developing and applying the theory of classification
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BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SORTS OF HUMIC COMPLEX AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE GROWTH OF PLANTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article represents the results of the experiments on biological activity of humits of different sorts. The object of research was humic preparation called Vermistar, which was obtained by vermiculturing, on the basis of brown coal. Humics are group of high-molecular substances which have high physiological activity. Humic substances stimulate all biochemical processes on all the stages of plant growth. They change the permeability of the cell membranes, increase activity of ferments, amount of chlorophyll and productivity of photosynthesis. Also humits are not toxic; they don’t have carcinogen and mutagenic effects, so we have a chance of getting environmentally friendly products. The experiment results show high biological activity of humic preparations. Usage of humic stimulates germination, the accumulation of vegetative mass, weight gain. The frequency of shoot has been increased by 17-32%. Height of shoots, roots and vegetative mass has also been increased
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE CURRENCIES RATE ON THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMICS
DescriptionThe main aspects of the financial market influencing the country’s economy are considered in the article. In this field certain historical facts connected with the financial market are outlined. These facts show the USA economy influence on the world’s economics space determining the countries’ ability to resist financial expansion and insure their economies securities. Sustainable economic system capable to reserve the country’s sovereignty and to resist outer economic and political pressure is required for this activity. The basic aspects of the world currency system are given, the essence of some of them is revealed, some proposals are made that could stabilize the economies of the dollar-dependent countries. Besides, the article highlights the necessity to own gold reserve which means some extent secures to the country’s sovereignty. The agriculture investing perspective in case of inflation rate alignment is highlighted. The factors that influence the rate of the currency are given. Competitive ability of domestic products that have great influence on the country’s foreign trade is pointed out as the main factor in the relevance of the topic. To confirm some ideas of the article the opinions of scholars, known throughout the world as economists and philosophers are given. The topic of the welfare of the citizens of the country in periods of currency fluctuations has been considered and the recommendations for the improvement of their own position have been made
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article discusses the influence of conventional technology and the technology of direct seeding at different doses of mineral fertilizers on the growth, development, productivity and economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation on the leached black soil of the Central Caucasus. It is established that the cultivation of winter wheat without tillage its vegetative mass, leaf area and the efficiency of the assimilation apparatus is significantly less than for sowing the traditional tillage technology recommended by scientific institutions in the region. It is caused by excessive seal of leached black soil, which was used in the study. Such a density of addition of black soils adversely affects the growth, development and yield of crops. As a result, the yield of winter wheat on the technology of direct seeding without fertilizers was 2.46 t / ha, which was significantly lower than for conventional technology, which received 3.21 t / ha. Adding fertilizers increased crop yield for both technologies, but it was significantly higher on the traditional technology. Despite the decline in production costs for the cultivation of winter wheat without tillage, higher profits and profitability were obtained using traditional technology
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MILITARY PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF CADETS IN A MARITIME UNIVERSITY: THE ESSENCE AND THE DEFINITION
DescriptionThe development of the political, the military and the economic power of the Russian Federation is impossible without development of patriotism and without stirring up the most important part of military-patriotic education of youth, including, of course, cadets of maritime colleges. Nowadays, the patriotism is demanded by society as a state ideology, as a most important condition and the way of spiritual and economic revival of Russia; it’s demanded as a way to unite and consolidate the entire population of Russia and as the answer to provocation from western countries seeking to weakening of Russia and finally to the collapse of the Russian world. Patriotism can be understood as a moral-political principle, social feeling, that consist of love and devotion to Fatherland, pride for it’s past and present, tendency to protect the interests of Homeland. Patriotism is expressed in love and devotion to its own Homeland, native land and its own nation, its history and culture. In present conditions, the most important direction and formation of patriotic qualities among maritime cadets can and is to be military-patriotic education, carried out on a base of regulatory documents, heroic history or Fatherland, military traditions of army and navy. Loyalty to the Fatherland, sincere love to the own country, moral-psychological and military-professional alacrity to armed protection of the Fatherland in the armed forces of the Russian Federation- it is quintessence of military – patriotic education and so it differs from patriotic education of Russian citizens. In the article it is considered the core of the military-patriotical education, based on analysis of local scientists’ views; we have formulated the goal, the tasks and the pedagogic conditions of military-patriotic education of maritime cadets; we have made an attempt to give author’s definition the term of “maritime college military-patriotic education of cadets”
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Description
An integral part of technological process for the cultivation of agricultural crop is the transportation. It requires significant energy and labor costs. The statistics show that the proportion of expenses for transportation of goods in agriculture reaches 25-40% of the total costs for the production made, when the proportion of farm tractor transportations reaches 60% of the total. Thus there are considerable losses of production, reaching in separate cases up to 50%. They are especially high in the harvesting and post-harvest cycles of crop production which is connected with crop damage during transportation. The quality of fruits and vegetables during the harvest depends on the technology of its collection and transportation. Due to the rapid deterioration of most agricultural products, agricultural producers have the task in careful transportation of the fruit. A huge role in the preservation of the product is its harvesting and packing into containers. In Russia we use wooden boxes, and foreign farmers use containers, whereby they have higher productivity and preservation of fruits. The type of vehicle, the time of a day and the air temperature also have a large impact on crop damage. In Soviet times, various technologies have been developed for harvesting and transportation of the harvest to consumers using various types of forklifts, harvesters and vehicles. In our time, it requires the development of new technologies for harvesting and transportation of agricultural products to achieve a higher level of automation and high profitability of agricultural production
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Description
The research is devoted to the problem of choosing the best methods for assessing the economic efficiency of information technologies. Using the Kemeny median is proposed to solve this problem. This method will allow to obtain the ranking of methods of evaluating of IT effectiveness by various criteria. The existing methods of valuation of economic efficiency of information technology were systematized in the article. Preliminarily, all the methods were divided into three groups: financial, probabilistic and qualitative analysis tools. The advantages and disadvantages of methods, their purpose, use and limitations were also considered. As a result of systematization, it was concluded that there were some limited and one-sided methods. No single method allows to assess comprehensively the effectiveness of an information technology. Obviously, the methods should be considered in the system. But for this they need to be ranked. In order to obtain the ranking the method of Kemeny median was used. In the beginning the expert evaluation of methods by the eight proposed criteria (taking into account the specificity of the original data, validity, unambiguity, information content, exactness, complexity, the access to information, the cost) was carried out. Next, the search of the group ranking was carried. The matrix of losses was compiled. The problem of appointments was solved in MS Excel. At the end, the matrix of paired comparisons has been obtained. This matrix helped to determine the final ranking of alternative methods. Therefore, using the Kemeny median allowed us to prioritize the use of methods of evaluating of the effectiveness of information technology
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Description
The article looks at the current state of energy in Vietnam and the selection of new Russian steam turbines for operation in combined gas-steam plant in Vietnam. The calculated results of thermal performance scheme 3x1 with combined gas-steam plant 1090 MW based on the Russian steam turbines K-330-240-2 and on the steam turbines TS2A40 Mitsubishi (station PhuMy-1, Vietnam). It also looks at the influence of the efficiency of high-pressure cylinders of Russian steam turbine K-330-240-2 on the efficiency and power of a gas-steam plant 3x1 with 1090 MW, increasing the efficiency of high-pressure cylinder of steam turbine through the use of honeycomb seals in flow part
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Description
In the article, the features of style and environmental organization of merchant’s mansion in the Kuban Region are studied. Using the different evidential materials the authors describe the artistic preferences of merchants and noblemen, those were fixed in the buildings’ architecture of the surveying historical period
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SOIL DEGRADATION AND THE ROLE OF FOREST BELTS IN LAND MELIORATION
DescriptionSoil degradation (erodere – eat away, lat.) - a process when pieces of rocks and soil are separated from their initial location. Then transferred and deposited in some new place. The factors of erosion are water, wind, landslides, rock particles and etc. Erosion is the process of destruction and demolition of the soil cover (or parent rocks) by flows of water or wind which causes depletion of fertile top soil layer. The destruction of this layer occurs quickly, and for its restoration thousand years are required. Reduction of soil fertility is one of the main problems that are associated with its pollution. Erosion is a natural process that occurs very slowly ever since the Earth was formed (about 45-50 billion years ago). Realistically, mountains, valleys, plains and deltas on the Earth's surface have been created by water and wind erosion as a result of their joint action over a long period of time. Geological erosion was acted at a slow pace for hundreds of years. When humans appeared it occurred to be an invasion of species which could transform their natural environment. An artificial type of erosion, which acts much faster than the natural erosion, was formed because of human