№ 113(9), November, 2015
Public date: 30.11.2015
Archive of journal: Articles count 119, 266 kb
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THE USE OF MOLECULAR BREEDING METHODS RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH OF BARLEY (REVIEW)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn recent years, due to the increasing aridity there was an increase in the frequency of epiphytoties leaf disease of barley. Therefore, we can see now how greatly increased the need for the creation of resistant grades. Introduction of the selection marker will significantly speed up the breeding process for resistance to pathogens. Employees of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection recommended three genes - Rpt 1b, Rpt 5, Rpt 6 to control the resistance to the pathogen Pyrenophora teres for use in breeding programs in the North Caucasus. Rpt 5 gene is one of the most efficient one, because it determines the resistance to the eight isolates of the fungus Pyrenophora teres of different origin. In 2011, Australian scientists have discovered microsatellite markers called Bmag0173 and HVM74, closely linked to the gene Rpt5, which are used very effectively in order to marker-assisted selection of resistant grades in Australia and Canada. Due to the urgency of creating new genotypes carrying resistance genes to net blotch, that would be effective in the Southern Federal Region, the staff of All-Russian Scientific-research institute of Grain Crops after I.G. Kalinenko and the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant after N.I. Vavilov has developed a practical strategy for the use of molecular techniques to create barley grades resistant to this pathogen, which is being successfully implemented
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HYDRAULIC DEVICES FOR HYDROSYSTEM TAILRACE PROTECTION
DescriptionBased on the Karman vortex theory, the calculated dependences for velocity induced by profile action in the flow, lifting force and drag force, acting on the profile, are determined. Calculations, performed in MathCAD, allowed, for the given up-stream velocity, to calculate height of mid-section of the bed-formation profile, width of the profile along the chord, span of the profile, angle of attack, velocity of the induced flow. For the calculated profile parameters, the velocity circulation value, drag force and lifting force are determined. As the bed-formation profiles, it is recommended to use flat plates, frame constructions with transverse ribs in the form of arch, fish-like symmetric or slightly curved profiles. Ways of the profile installation in the flow, depending on the angle of attack, are evaluated: three versions - for symmetric profiles, and six versions - for asymmetric profiles. Diagram of the device for the hydrosystem tailrace protection against erosion is developed on the basis of submerged NACA 0302 profile or profile of Zhukovsky, made of flexible materials, including profiles, system of supporting and regulating ropes, and shore or bottom supports. This design is mobile, intended for the periodic regulation of sediment yield
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Description
The article presents the results of the research on the effect of processing cuttings grapes Moldova and Bianca by a growth regulator called Stimolant 66f (Stimolante 66f) on their regenerative properties, the yield and quality of seedlings. In Moldova grade, we tested three concentrations of the drug - 0.001; 0.01 and 0.1% and grade Bianca - five - - 0.001; 0.005; 0.01; 0.05 and 0.1%, compared to treatment with IAA (standard) or without treatment (control). It was found, that both types of processing cuttings with IAA led to the inhibition of blooming buds. Application of Stimolanta to both varieties accelerated blooming buds, and to the greatest extent on grade Bianca. On the variety Moldova, the processing cuttings with heteroauxin and Stimolant at 0.01 and 0.1% had an inhibitory effect on the growth of shoots, which survived to the end of the experiment. On the variety of Bianca, both the IAA and Stimolant at all concentrations of working solution contributed to a significant increase the length of the shoots. At grade Moldova, basal ends of cuttings treatment for 24 hours in solutions of Stimolanta at 0.01 and 0.1% concentration had the root-growing ability stimulated, enhanced the yield and quality of seedlings. In grade Bianca, better rooting of cuttings with 3 or more roots was observed in the variant of "Stimolant - 0.05%", and a greater number of roots were produced in the version of "Stimolant - 0.1%." In cuttings of varieties ofMoldova, Stimolant showed better results than the IAA in optimal concentrations, and grade Bianca had about the same results
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LAMPENFLORA OF NOVOAFONSKAYA CAVE
DescriptionNovoafonskaya cave is located in Abkhazia. It is equipped for visits in 1975. The cave has permanently installed lighting. In caves with artificial lighting, a vegetation of cyanobacteria and algae, bryophytes and ferns can be found around lamps. The development of lampenflora is a typical problem for cave management. We have identified 69 species of phototrophs in Novoafonskaya cave: Magnoliophyta 2 species, Pteridophyta 6 species, Bryophyta 11 species, Cyanobacteria 34 species, Bacillariophyta 9 species, Ochrophyta 2 species, Chlorophyta 5 species. The article considers main habitat of lampenflora and gives their characteristics. We have also revealed predominance of cyanobacteria in the cave
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INFLUENCE OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS OF GARLIC BULBS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe influence of protective coatings on quantitative loss of garlic was investigated at its warm) and cold storage under various conditions of relative humidity. The following varieties of garlic people's selection were studied: winter varieties – Tian Shansky, Otradnensky; spring varieties – Sochinsky and Iglinsky Local. Paraffin-ceresin composition (PK-1) was first proposed as a protective hydrophobic coating of garlic bulbs and its combination was scientifically based (the main component is paraffin, plasticizer is Ceresin C-65 and surface-active supplement is a fraction of synthetic fatty acids). Physical and mechanical performance properties of PK-1: melting temperature 58 C; resistance at 20 C 1,0 МПа; volumetric shrinkage 15%; plasticity 0,5·10-4 1/МПа; water vapour permeability 6,5g/m2 per day.Waterproof properties of hydrophobic protective coatings (paraffin-ceresin PK-1, alloy of paraffin with beewax PК-4, paraffin without supplements P) were compared with hydrophilic water solution of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5. According to the increase of the moisture-proof properties, the investigated coatings form the following series: P. PWS -5, PК-4, PК-1. The maximum efficiency of garlic storage under various temperature conditions and relative air humidity was achieved when using a protection film of PК-1. Compared with control (without coating) PК-1 reduced moisture loss in garlic bulbs for 3-13 times depending on the variety, and storage duration of winter garlic varieties increased for 2 times. Iglinsky Local is the most moisture resistant of all the investigated varieties, and Tian Shansky variety is less moisture resistant
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CLIENT INTERACTION TECHNIQUES WHEN USING AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN SALES
DescriptionAugmented reality offers unique ways to display visual information, in particular the visualization of threedimensional objects. With AR object can be visualized directly in the context of its operation. As an example can be a piece of furniture rendered in the interior, plants in the garden, the architectural object in the landscape. Modern consumer devices such as smartphones and tablet computers, as well as the algorithmic base lead to the possibility of augmented reality mass usage. The concept of augmented reality offers a better user interface for visualization through a combination of methods of controls and visualization. The camera angle can be controlled by user’s head or device movements, which is intuitive and efficient. Method of visualization of three-dimensional object by combining its image with the surrounding environment allows better perceiving the object, its dimensions, and material properties. In contrast to the traditional visualization approaches, AR does not require modeling of the environment. Objects visualization by means of AR can be applied to customer decision support while buying products. The user is provided with the ability to visualize an object in interior or outdoors, where he plans to place it, and interactively examine the object from any angle. This article attempts to systemize possible options for interaction with potential buyers through applications with augmented reality technology
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Description
In assessing the optimal composition of machine and tractor fleet nomenclature and quantitative composition of parks of technical means and some parameters of production technology are used as varying variables, leaving the timing of mechanized fieldwork fixed. At the same time, changing the duration of mechanized operations in the most intense periods of the field season can significantly affect the amount of the basic means of mechanization as a part of machine and tractor fleet, the value of investments in its formation. The article used a method of determining the composition of the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural organizations considered the "flexible" duration of the mechanized operations in field and based on the iterative adjustment of the results of the optimization of machine and tractor fleet by the criterion of the minimum difference between savings investment and value of crop losses. The analysis showed that the economically viable term of harvesting of winter crops for domestic combine harvester Acros-530 is a period of 16 days. The article analyzes the economic efficiency of the different periods of the harvesting campaign using imported agricultural machinery. This work presents a sensitivity analysis of the effect of reducing the need to combine at different periods of cleaning of grain crops to the level of prices for products and equipments
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LEXICAL PHRASEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH BUSINESS LETTERS
10.00.00 Philological sciences
DescriptionThe development of international cooperation has promoted the updating of problems connected with business communication effectiveness. These problems are very crucial, because their solution may predetermine the collaboration success of business partners. The integral part of this success is the efficiency of the exchange of textual information. Nowadays the main information exchange method in modern business relations is business correspondence in English; therefore, its research makes an important contribution to the solution of the pressing problem connected with the achievement of some goals in business. In the article, we analyze both general and specific linguistic features of English business letters, which differ them from texts of other fields of human activity. A special attention is paid to the question of the content and presence degree of lexicological and phraseological units in English business letters. In the end the author comes to the conclusion that business communication is considered effective if it contributes to the mutual understanding of partners with the help of the most optimal means. The analysis of practical material showed that these means could be lexicological and phraseological units. The correct choice of these units helps with the formation of those features of a business letter, which would make it effective
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PLANT IMAGES IN PAINTINGS OF ARTISTS AS A RESOURCE OF INFORMATION ON THE HISTORY OF AGRONOMY
DescriptionThe article discusses the use of illustrations based on works of art as a resource for information on the history of science and of agronomy is plant breeding in particular. In our work, we used the works of art as a separate independent resource of information in multiple tasks: as a resource for archaeogenetic variety of agricultural crops (pumpkin, gourd, squash, Luffa) as a tool of visual notes in plant breeding, as an independent material analysis introduction agricultural plants. The task of our study was to create base images of agricultural plants on the basis of works of art of past centuries, as a demonstration of the development of scientific breeding of agricultural plants. In this regard, to achieve this goal, we have been collected images of agricultural plants from the 15th to the 21st century, given their modern counterparts. Paintings in the educational process in courses of such disciplines as "History of agronomy" can be regarded as the object of analysis; material for study; a tool for gathering information, the resource information on individual characteristics. A common criterion of the approach to painting, as a tool of analysis, is the fact that an illustration, an image or other biological phenomena, recreate the form, the essence of the research object or phenomenon. It is shown, that the use of paintings as documentary, the changes of plants, in our opinion is interesting and relevant methodical approach in the modern educational technology. The analysis of paintings allows students to penetrate deeper into the image of the investigated object, to enquire about the time of the creation of the painting, to be an independent creative activity in search of information resource
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MATHEMATICAL FORMS OF CONSECUTIVE AND PARALLEL ECONOMIC RISKS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIt is offered to expand the classification of risks by introducing a global risk of economic system, which separates stages burdened with the local risks having arbitrarily direction. Serial or parallel origin of these risks is modeled dyadic chain vectors or four-dimensional conglomerates of quaternions in Clifford spaces. Multivariate risk is to transform analytically, calculate quantitatively, construct geometric vector operations in the ensemble with the economic variables on which part of the cost of the risk and that is lost or after symptoms appear. Therefore, the cost of an asset depends on a comprehensive cost of the "basis", burdened risk ("common value"), and the magnitude of the risk of leaving part - "risky value" - from zero. Now, the risk emerges as a new economic and mathematical category. Through the study of risks and through research of their new multi-dimensional performance value it is possible to insight into understanding the mechanisms of action of the economic laws worldwide and in Russia