№ 115(1), January, 2016
Public date: 27.01.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 86, 182 kb
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CYCLIC RECURRENCE ASSESSMENT OF GRAIN YIELD TIME SERIES USING PHASE ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS
DescriptionAn algorithm of phase analysis as the instrument of nonlinear dynamics' methods used to study cyclic recurrence of time series is viewed in current article. The existing classical econometric methods for estimating cyclic recurrence developed for random systems which dynamics matches to the normal distribution. However, there also exists non-random systems characterized by trends, periodic and non-periodic cycles called quasicycles. An example of computing process of identifying quasicycles is illustrated on time series of all grain yields in Russia for the last 119 years. Phase portrait of this time series is illustrated in twodimension space. As a result, the phase portrait consists of 22 frequently unstable quasicycles which tottality forms a strange attractor. Quasicycles have quantitative (length) and quality (configuration) characteristics. Their combination defines very important characteristic called trend-stability. Phase analysis is a powerful form of analysis of time series to assess cyclic recurrence and is a tool for pre-forecasting analysis. Fuzzy sets' mathematical apparatus is also used in this article. An algorithm of formation of fuzzy sets' quasicycles' length is also presented here. Quasicycles' statistics are presented in tables, geometric patterns and in the form of fuzzy sets
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PHYTO-SANITARY CONDITION OF CROPS OF WINTER BARLEY WHEN GROWING USING DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the biennial data on infestation of winter barley infected with his disease and pests, depending on fertilizer rates, the main method of tillage and plant protection. Weeds are one of the most highly potent factors that reduce the productivity of plants. System of agronomic plant cannot increase the productivity of plants, if it contributes to impurity of crops. In the studied years, the most common weeds at the recommended tillage were dead nettle, cleavers, chickweed, field bindweed. At zero processing - foxtail, poppy, wild oats, Leptospermum, dead nettle, veronica. The use of biological and chemical plant protection products reduced the degree of expansion and development of disease
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FORMATION AND USE OF ILLUSTRATIVE IMAGES IN THE “BIOETHICS AND QUESTIONS OF BIO SAFETY” COURSE
DescriptionIn this article, we describe the experience of formation and creating illustrative images for the course called «Bioethics and questions of bio safety». The peculiarity of this course is to review bioethical problems in the context of concrete scientific activities of the biologist – research, experimental work. The part of the course issues related to Bio safety, is revealed as an interdisciplinary area of knowledge focusing on the identification, study and understanding of biological practice and biological research associated with broad philosophical and moral component. The main blocks have been identified, which form visual resources: animals in the experiment, the questions of bioethics in the media; the metamorphosis of the human body; chimeras in works of art. In the selection of illustrative images we have taken into account several aspects: illustration, as an information resource for the analysis of the studied phenomenon; illustration, as a form of motivation to seek information, the answer to the question; illustration, as an element of ethical education of the student to different issues of bioethics. For each semantic unit collected 20-30 illustrative images within two years. They are used both when reading a lecture course and as material for independent work of students. It is shown that the presented visual resources for the course reflect the basic components of visual thinking: linear; structural; combinatorial and functional
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THE COST AND LOSS FUNCTION IN THE RESEARCH OF MULTIPURPOSE ASSEMBLIES
DescriptionUsing the example of three multipurpose assemblies (MPA) we have presented the possibility of the cost and loss function appliance for the substantiation of the design and operating parameters as the criterion of optimization. The mentioned objective function of mathematical model is the sum of expenses on the performance of the scheduled amount of automated tasks and the cost of the crop loss related to the failure of meeting deadlines. It is common knowledge that the longer the execution of work lasts (e.g. crop harvesting), the more value it loses. The extremum of the cost and loss function is the minimum of the sum of expenses and the cost of losses which sets the optimal parameters, the mode of the MPA functioning and the work duration. The cost of inputs for the work performance within the objective function includes operating costs of the MPA for the scheduled amounts of work. With the increase of the duration of these works the expenses decrease, however, the cost of losses grows. The sum of the costs of inputs and losses has the extremum that sets the solution optimality. The cost of crop losses depends on the purchase price for the harvested crops and the crop losses intensity for each day of harvesting which we have already developed significant dependencies for. We have suggested the control flow charts for optimizing the MPA parameters and their functioning modes, we have evolved the notion of the objective function and the method of its calculation for different sets of assemblies. Through the example of the multipurpose complex assembly for stubble soil cultivation and simultaneous green manure dropping, we have analyzed the results of the task solution using the cost and loss function which is an effective method of the parameter optimization and the functioning modes of various machine assemblies and facilitates the choice of alternative options
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Description
There was given the definition and there were cited the criteria of food safety of the country. There was substantiated the necessity of ecological-landscape organization of the territories of agricultural organizations with the aim of decision of food safety. There were cited the peculiarities of land as a natural object and the object of land relations. There was cited the qualitative condition of agricultural areas of the Krasnodar region – the susceptibility to erosion, the content of humus, indicators of nutrient balance in soil. There were identified the environmental problems in the use of agricultural lands in agricultural production. It is concluded that the existing zonal systems of agricultural management do not take into account the full landscape diversity in the region. Using GIS-technologies there were determined the boundaries of five landscapes of the Krasnodar region and agricultural areas on types and degrees of erosion process manifestation. There was given the characteristics of natural-climatic, soil and ecological peculiarities of steppe plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There was substantiated the system of ecological-economic indexes of assessment of landscape systems of land management. There was determined the percentage ratio of areas as cropland: forest: meadow within the boundaries of the natural landscapes. There were calculated the main indexes of ecological assessment of flat plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There were formulated the tasks of ecological-landscape organization of the territory of agricultural enterprises. On the state level there were substantiated the offers on increase of effectiveness of use of agricultural areas in agrarian production
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22.00.00 Sociological sciences
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the analysis of deputy orders realisation as a part of the social programme devoted to the improvement of the citizens’ welfare. The regularity of the programme results’ indication is analysed as well as the municipal management efficiency assessment is given. Questions of social and economic efficiency are raised