№ 117(3), March, 2016
Public date: 31.03.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 89, 225 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
FROST RESISTANCE OF CRIMEAN INDIGENOUS GRAPE VARIETIES AND THEIR HYBRIDS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article highlights the issues of grape plants resistance to low temperatures; it is an urgent problem for all wine-growing regions of the world, located in the zone of risky agriculture. Losses caused by frost, indicate long-standing necessity of perfection of assortment in terms of enhancing its hardiness by enriching more resistant genotypes obtained both through the introduction or naturalization, as well as from the crossing of indigenous with interspecies hybrids. Methodology for evaluating frost resistance properties of the material served as a preparation for the originality of his research and experimental evaluation of the unique divisibility properties of the aim. Thus, we initially conducted hardening of matured cuttings at positive temperature plus 8 plus 4 ° C for 14 days (I quenching phase) and a negative temperature minus 5 ° C-minus 7 ° C for 9 days and minus 10 ° C-1 day (II hardening phase). Then the cuttings we frozen in the temperature range from minus 16 ° C to the next steps of consistent freezing (minus 16 ° C - 2 days; minus 18 ° C - 2 days; minus 20 ° C - 2 days; minus 22 ° C – 1day, minus 24 ° C - 1 day, minus 26 ° C - 1 day, minus 28 ° C - 1 day and minus 30 ° C - 8 hours). After freezing of cuttings of each variety, the sample was placed on the 3 days in the refrigerator at the temperature of + 2 ° C to their gradual thawing. Cuttings were grown at room temperature on water. As a result, obtained by the accounting: the lowest frost-resistance among the studied forms of parental Crimean origins was found in grades of Shabash, Soldayya and Solnechnodolinsky; the varieties of Dzevat kara, Kokur bely, Kokur cherny, Misket, Misgyuli kara, Sari Pandas were set as a weak level (-20 °C); Aybatly, Kefesiya, Kok pandas and Ekim kara have average level up to -22 °C; the highest frost-resistance - 24 °C – was shown by Khersonessky and Kapselsky. Also, we have identified synthetic frost-resistant F1-population and plus-transgressive selection form
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF RICE VARIETY BY GROUPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionHigh growth-rate of plantlet is the integral index of intensity of physiological processes at rice and other cultures. 20 typical plantlets from each of two variants were studded (in the distilled water in thermostat at a temperature 29° C) by: length of embryonic root and coleoptile. Comparative analysis of trait characterizing the growth rates of rice varieties showed reliable advantage of Russian ones above the Italian and Chinese. Local varieties, regionalized until the year 2000, exceed new ones on this trait. Highest growth rates were characterized by medium grain samples. The white grain and red grain varieties are excelled other groups on the height of plantlet. Analysis rates of height of plantlets in the distinguished groups showed the necessity of prosecution of improvement of the above enumerated signs at the varieties of late term of ripening, long grain, with Waxy gene, colored grain. We recommend to sow this type of varieties on fields with good leveling, because of low speed of growth
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionProductivity of seeds of cereal crops essentially depends on the quality of the seed grain, which is being defined both by biological condition of seeds and technologies and technical resources, which are being used in, machine processing of seed heap. In this connection, different injuries of weevils which are occurred while mechanical and thermomechanical influences from tools of machines and aggregates have got vital importance. Apart from the breaches of integrity of the weevil’s cover there are also exist traumatizing changes of its inside structures which are frequently covered with casings and do not being viewed with visual inspection. Conditions of inside structures of weevils were researched with radiographic method and also were defined possible types of traumatizing changes which depend on mechanical and thermomechanical influences, which were eliminated in universal classification of injures among the inside structures of seeds of agricultural cultures. Also, wу have analyzed the influence of chosen types of injuries on seeds’ sowing qualities and found that all injures of weevils essentially and differentially influenced the sowing and fruitful qualities and should be considered while choosing the technological schemes of preparation, working tools and while tuning the aggregates’ regime of work attached to the machine processing of grain and seed heap
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article presents the experimental material obtained from long-term stationary experiment of GNU "Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station" in P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute. Stationary experience was founded in 1978. It had two ten-course crop rotations and combined graingrass tilled. The ordinary black soil, low-humic, heavy loamy in mechanical composition. The capacity of humus horizon is 113-116 cm with a total content of humus on the date of the experience beginning is 3.88%. Arable (0-30cm) layer was characterized by the following parameters: total nitrogen content - 0.22-0.24, mineral -10,0-10,5mg / kg of soil, total phosphorus-0,16- 0,19%, labile phosphorus - 12,2-12,9mg / kg soil total potassium -1,7-2,0%, exchange potassium- 386mg / kg soil. The degree of saturation of bases is 80-90%. The amount of absorbed bases is 30-40 m ekvg/ 100 g of soil. The reaction of the soil solution is weakly alkaline (PH water 8.0-8.2). The predecessor is winter wheat. General Agrotechnics is recommended for a given soil and climate of region. Solid mineral fertilizer were applied as mineral fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizer in the form of half-decomposed cattle manure. According to agro-climatic zonation the northern zone of the Krasnodar region, where the research was conducted, is related to the zone of insufficient watering with hydrothermal coefficient 0.7-0.9 with an annual rainfall of 350.5 to 899.8 mm. During the autumn and winter period, which determines the accumulation of water in the soil, from 150.3 to 426.8 mm of rain falls or 30,4-68,9% of the annual amount. During the vegetation of sugar beet from germination to harvest -112,0- 588,9mm of rain falls, with an average daily temperature of the air 16,5-20,000С, including the period of the greatest growth of roots and accumulation of sugar from 3.2 to 557.1 of rain falls with air temperature 19,5-28,800С. Hydrothermal index is 0,01-2,83. During the years of the research 19% of years have been characterized as unfavorable (hydrothermal index 0.67), 44% of years as moderate on moisture supply and temperature conditions (hydrothermal index 0.99) and 37% of years as favorable (hydrothermal index 1.05). The generalization of the research results obtained by us in the long-term stationary experiment, allowed us to estimate the impact of different standards and systems of fertilizer on the productivity of sugar beet and sugar content in the roots. On average, during the years of research, the root harvest under the influence of fertilizer amounted to 36,7-45,6 t / ha per unit area with the addition to the control variant, that isn’t manurable, amounted from 6.6 to 15.5 t / ha. The highest yield of root is 43,0-45,6 t / ha which was obtained with systems of fertilizer with complete mineral nutrition
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article deals with the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers in long-term application (for more than thirty years) according to the influence on the fertility of ordinary black soil of the Western Ciscaucasia and productivity of sugar beet. The investigations were carried out in the long-term stationary experiment laid on the experimental stationary section "Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station" of P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute. The experiment was laid simultaneously in time and space in two ten-course crop rotations and combined grain-grass tilled. In the structure of sown areas sugar beet occupied 10% of crop rotation area and was placed after the winter wheat. During three rotations it was studied: 1- control without fertilizer with natural forming level of mineral nutrition; 2- minimal dose N21P26K16 3- medium dose N43P52K33 ; 4 - N43P52K33, 5- high dose N96P104K68; 6- organo-mineral system¹ N43P52K34 + 12 t/ha of manure; 7- organo-mineral system² N20P24K34 + II-III rotations tillage of straw crop + 6 t/ha of manure; 8- medium dose P52K33; 9- medium dose N43K33; 10- medium dose N43K52. The soil which is used by organo-mineral system with increased and high standards of mineral fertilizers had higher concentration of mineral nitrogen. Long systematic application of fertilizer had more noticeable effect on soil phosphorus regime. The provision of soil by exchange potassium tended to decline from rotation to rotation. If at the completion of the first rotation the content of this battery was at the level 362,0-433,0 mg / kg of soil, in 2010, these values were 356,0-405,0 mg / kg of soil, remaining at the level of increased and high provision characterized to ordinary black-soil. Fertilizers for crop rotation provided almost equal yield increase: in the first rotation - 4,9-16,0 t / ha in the second 5,3- 17,1, the third 6,1-15,5 t / ha. In the moderate favorable for moisture and temperature conditions during the first and third rotation (hydrothermal index 0,8- 0,76), the value of sugar beet yield was 30,1-46,1 and 35,7-52,1 t / ha, in comparison with tougher conditions for the second rotation (hydrothermal index 0,41- 1,96) higher up to 2,6-6,5 9,2-16,0 t / ha. Research carried out in long-term stationary experiment showed that long-term use of fertilizers prevents to the loss of soil organic substances, supporting the humus content at the level of 3.95-3.99%, and organicsystems contribute to its reproduction to 4,01-4,21%. soil nitrogen state is stabilized. However, there is a tendency of decrease of the exchange potassium in mineral fertilizer systems. In the conditions of insufficient moisture supply of the northern zone of Krasnodar region the most applicable norm is N60P90R60, both in mineral and organic-systems, ensuring the collection of root crops within 43,0-45,2 t / ha, with an estimated amount of sugar 6,92-7, 14 t / ha. The given systems of fertilizer provide the yield of root crops 53,3-56,0 t / ha with the synthesis of sugar 8,19-8,70 t / ha. Increasing the rate of fertilizer in 2 times from medium to N120P160R120 doesn’t increase the productivity, reduce sugar content of root crop to 0.4-0.8%. It is undesirable to use fertilizer that are unbalanced in nutrition elements in which root crops yield declines from 5.4 to 19.0%, and current biological sugar from 6,1 to 25,9%
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Description
The article proposes to use the automated systemcognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tool which is "Eidos" system to solving multiparameter typing, system identification and cartographic visualization of spatially-distributed natural, environmental and socio-economic systems. Imagine, that we have an original point cloud with coordinates (X,Y,Z), each with known values of gradation descriptive scales of nominal, ordinal, or numeric type S(s1,s2,...,sn). Then the "Eidos" system provides: 1) building a model that contains generalized knowledge about the strength and the direction of the influence of descriptive gradations of scales at Z=M(S); 2) estimation of the values of Z for points (X,Y) described in the same descriptive scales S(s1,s2,...,sn), but not a part of the original point cloud; 3) a cartographic visualization of the spatial distribution of values of the function Z=M(S) for points outside the initial cloud, using Delaunay triangulation. Basically, this means that the "Eidos" system ensures recovery of the unknown function values on the grounds of the argument and implements it in a generic setting, independent of subject area. We propose a new scientific concept called "Geo-cognition system", which is defined as a software system that provides conversion of source data into information, and knowledge in visualization and mapping of this knowledge, resulting in the cognitive map becomes graphics. This feature can be used to quantify the degree of suitability of the watersheds for cultivation of certain crops, the evaluation of the ecological situation on particular territories on the structure and intensity of anthropogenic load, visualization of results of forecasting of earthquakes and other unwanted risks or emergencies, as well as for solving many other similar mathematical essence of tasks in a variety of subject areas. We have also shown a simple numerical example
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THE METHODS AND THE RESULTS OF THE TESTING OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WITH SIX PHASE ZONES
DescriptionThe article contain the peculiarities of testing asynchronous generator with sixzone winding on the basis of the asynchronous motor series 4A100S4 and analysis of obtained characteristics. Circuit parameters of the stator winding can significantly affect the characteristics of the asynchronous generator. Asynchronous generator was tested with a stator winding connected star, autotransformer and sectional winding. Use chastising windings opens the possibility of applying various circuits of capacitors and the load to asynchronous generators, which in turn affect the efficiency and stabilizing properties of the electric machine. Asynchronous generators to test with sectional winding by confirmation of theoretical calculations for determine the most optimal scheme under connect capacitors and load, testing the stator winding. The volume of testing for asynchronous generators standard is not defined, so we proposed testing method, taking into account the design features of the stator winding. Asynchronous generators were tested with the help of special equipment with the use of analyzer of energy power quality. Article contains characteristics of idling, short circuit and others, considered the heat mode. On the basis of the results we have determined the parameters of the circuit, the efficiency and power factor of induction generator
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OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF ELEMENTS COMPUTER SYSTEM
DescriptionThe work is devoted to the topical issue of increasing the productivity of computers. It has an experimental character. Therefore, the description of a number of the carried-out tests and the analysis of their results is offered. Previously basic characteristics of modules of the computer for the regular mode of functioning are provided in the article. Further the technique of regulating their parameters in the course of experiment is described. Thus the special attention is paid to observing the necessary thermal mode in order to avoid an undesirable overheat of the central processor. Also, operability of system in the conditions of the increased energy consumption is checked. The most responsible moment thus is regulating the central processor. As a result of the test its optimum tension, frequency and delays of data reading from memory are found. The analysis of stability of characteristics of the RAM, in particular, a condition of its tires in the course of experiment is made. As the executed tests took place within the standard range of characteristics of modules, and, therefore, the margin of safety put in the computer and capacity of system wasn't used, further experiments were made at extreme dispersal in the conditions of air cooling. The received results are also given in the offered article
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Description
The problem of availability and quality of medical care is a priority nowadays. The Medical Centres for Information and Analysis (MCIA) have been created in the regions for the purpose of gathering information about the quality of services rendered and subsequent data are transferred to the Ministry of Health Care of Russia. Regional MCIA are complex and developed systems that solve simultaneously many problems, one of which – the organization of collection, processing, recording and analysis of information on the provision of medicines. It has been established in the course of conducting an analytical review of examination systems of preferential recipes and information protection that the level of automation of routine operations of the MCIA activity of the Krasnodar Region is high, but there is no qualitative information processing. As a result of the comparative analysis it was determined that the automated review of medical prescriptions for privileged drugs allows identifying abnormalities in the reference data without any analytical conclusions about the causes and consequences of the case. Taking into account the fact that in the provision of essential medications there still exists quite understandable demand for software products which automize the routine work of specialists, it remains obvious that the directions of improvement of software products are not implemented fully. In this regard, the present research proposes measures to improve the existing systems by integrating with the information system of medical and economic control of the prescription of medicines
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MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF GRANULATION OF RAW WOOD WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF DAMAGE OF ROT
DescriptionThe article presents the mathematical model for determining the temperature after passing trough nozzles of press-granulator, which allows to take into account heat loss through the exterior surface