№ 121(7), September, 2016
Public date: 30.09.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 138, 339 kb
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USAGE OF SEEDLINGS FOR RECEIVING ULTRAEARLY HARVESTS OF POTATO
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionUsing of seedling method for growing early potatoes accelerates the starting processes of growth and development of plants, and the application of temporary covers of the nonwoven covering materials protects the landing from sudden temperature changes and relapsing frost. To receive seedlings of early potatoes we used standard seed tubers of 60-80 g weigh of the following varieties: Agata, Red Scarlett, Kislovodskiy, Vershininskiy and Sheri. By the time of planting in the ground, depending on the varieties, the height of seedling was from 13 to 26 cm, the number of leaves - 7-10 pieces. Conducting of trial unearthing of potato showed that on 45 days after transplanting into the ground (the second decade of May), it is possible to receive up to 10, 5-11, 4 t/ha (Agata and Red Scarlett varieties). On 55 days (the third decade of May), the yield reached 26, 4 t/ha of standard tubers, and in the first decade of June the yield was from 26, 4 to 50, 6 t/ha. The maximum yield of standard tubers of 50, 6 t/ha was obtained by lifting on 65 days with the Red Scarlett variety. In the terms of the Astrakhan region the growing of early potato by seedling method with using of temporary cover allows to receive the ultra-early harvest of marketable tubers in the II-III decade of May
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STUDY OF AROMATIC SUBSTANCES OF SLAUGHTER PRODUCTS OF BROILER CHICKENS
DescriptionFor comparative evaluation of aroma-forming substances of primary and secondary products of slaughter broilers, we used the multi-channel gas analyzer "MAG-8" and the methodology "an electronic nose". The objects of study served as the heads and feet of chickens-broilers of cross "ROSS-308", subjected to hydrothermal treatment for the destruction of native tissue structure at 0,24 MPa. As a control sample when assessing the composition of the equilibrium gas phase above the heads and feet of broiler chickens used poultry, meat, broiler chickens, obtained by cutting of carcasses, with the natural ratio of bone and muscle tissue. The identification of volatile components of the equilibrium gas phase above the samples was carried out according to the following classes of organic com-pounds in accordance with the numbers of sensors in the matrix: 1 – hydrophilic compounds, water; 2 – alcohols, ketones; 3 – acid, water, light alcohols; 4 – ester; 5 – sulfur-containing compounds, esters; 6 – phenol, and other aromatic compounds; 7 – alcohols, nitrogen compounds, water; 8 – acid. The analysis shows that control and experimental samples do not have significant differences in the aromatic-skim com-pounds, ketones and sulfur-containing compounds. The comparison group of "control – leg" also has no significant differences according to the groups of compounds: ketones, alcohols, esters; nitrogen-containing compounds. The largest differences recorded for the sample "legs broiler chickens", and the moisture content and nitro-gen-containing compounds, this sample is superior and head, and the main raw mate-rial in the processing of broiler chickens. The results show that heads of broiler chickens, thermo-processed under pressure can be used to realize emulsified protein-fat products of the type Pasternak masses corresponding to the traditional products of poultry meat for sensormatics the aroma profile without the use of food additives. For the formation of the corresponding standard of the flavor of food products using the legs of broiler chickens or their products it is necessary to correct the smell using the appropriate complementary ingredients
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STUDYING CONFORMATIONAL REARRANGEMENTS OF PROTEIN WHEN DRYING
DescriptionThe article gives a review and the experimental data on the nutritional value of eggs protein comprising protein, carbohydrates, minerals and amino acids. Metabolism, the structure and function of each cell, as well as external and internal protective functions are defined by proteins. We consider the study of functions of trace elements found in significant numbers in the eggs, which contribute to health: vitamin D, vitamin B12, choline, folic acid, selenium, lutein and zeaxanthin. The high content of egg protein contributes to greater satiety, weight loss and eye health. We present experimental data on the amino acid composition of the protein and experiments of drying a cooked egg white, placed in a Petri dish. After 10 minutes of drying, the weight of the protein did not change and amounted to 0.1 g, which is 16% of the weight of the original white protein. The photo shows that the protein is lost during drying white and became transparent, and protein grains look like "melted" and partially connected with each other. The data obtained can be used for understanding the operation of the biological process of protein in vivo
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Description
The aim of the work is theoretical and experimental confirmation of the possibility of improving the rate of acceleration of tractor units due to installing of elastic-damping mechanism with variable stiffness in tractor transmission. Speed tractors application in agricultural production meets a number of difficulties associated with the unsteady processes during acceleration of machine and tractor units. The resulting large inertial loads when accelerating result in loss of engine power, due to which the machinetractor unit is operating at reduced performance and efficiency. An analysis of published studies shows that the acceleration performance of tractor units is greatly influenced by the stiffness and damping properties of the transmission of energy resources. To provide smooth acceleration of the unit it is proposed to install elastic-damping mechanism with variable stiffness in tractor transmission. As a result, the tension of the acceleration process decreases. The results of analytical and experimental studies on the effect of elastic-damping mechanism installed in the class 5 tractor transmission, on acceleration capabilities of tractor units are given. The optimum parameters of elements of elastic-damping mechanism with variable stiffness for class 5 tractors are determined. It is proved that the use of elastic-damping mechanism with a variable stiffness in the tractor transmission improves acceleration indicators
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RESEARCH OF THE DEHYDRATION PROCESSES OF BIOPOLYMER SYSTEMS IN POULTRY PRODUCTS
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of the ratio of the water fractions, which differ on binding energy with the biomaterial in the composition of poultry products having various fabric and polymeric structure. The authors used the method of differential scanning calorimetry. The objects for the research were experimental and industrial samples of poultry products. We prepared the experimental samples by wet thermal treatment of broilers heads and feet at the pressure of 0.24 MPa. The objects for comparison were the products of industrial production of poultry meat: the paste of chicken meat with multicomponent composition (minced chicken, pork fat, water, pork liver, onions, wheat flour, soy protein, emulsifying, the taste and flavor food additives, color correction supplements); natural canned meat "Chicken in the own juice" (GOST 28589-90). The analysis showed that the investigated samples (broiles heads, broilers feet, multicomponent paste) were characterized by the similar values of the mass ratio of the water fractions at three stages of dehydration, the relevant sections of the curves based on the degree of conversion of the substance α from the heating temperature in logarithmic coordinates. The results can be use in the development of formulations of food modules for the production of emulsified meat products from raw materials, subjected to preliminary heat treatment. We expect that the positive effect will be to increase the degree of utilization of secondary raw materials in the processing of poultry in primary production, expanding the range of foods enriched composition due to the natural raw material sources, improving sustainability of raw material base of processing companies
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HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF AUDIT STANDARDIZATION IN RUSSIA
DescriptionThis article discusses the stages of development of the Russian bookkeeping, namely the audit activity, within international standards. There is a detailed analysis of the stages of formation of audit legislation also careful studies of influence of certain social, economic, and historical factors in the development of the bookkeeping. The key factors of influence to regulate auditing activities by the state are reviewed in the article. The article reveals information about the sense of amending the legislative framework, and main ways of standards development of the auditing in Russia at different stages. The article reviewed legal standards in the field of bookkeeping. There was also presented international experience to solve the problem base on contrasting countries with different approaches to the development of the regulatory legal framework in the field of audit. The article reviewed practical aspects of usage of the modified regulation in bookkeeping
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SOURCES AND METHODS OF THEIR PROCESSING IN THE WORKS OF KHANGIREY
DescriptionThe article is devoted to source base of Khan-Girey works. Two types of the sources used by Khan-Girey are allocated: historical and historiographic. In its turn, historical sources are conditionally subdivided in written, material and sources of the oral origin. The relation of Khan-Girey to the problem of reliability of sources, the responsibility of authors on the provided data are considered. It is concluded, that in the works of Khan-Girey oral sources are predominant, all others, including historiographical, act as subsidaries. It is emphasized, that in this period there were only oral sources, came from the Adyghe environment, all the others were the evidences of other cultures. The relation of Khan-Girey to folklore as to a historical source is revealed. We have identified other types of oral sources, such as personal knowledge and KhanGirey memories, and eyewitness evidences. The analysis of the working methods of Khan-Girey with historiographical sources is carried out. At the end of the article, the conclusion is made that the source base of Khan-Girey works, for objective reasons, is limited, although the use of most sources, found by him, were confirmed in historiography
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Description
One of the most important problems of pedagogies is the question of specialist preparedness to solve problems arising during the professional activity. The author of the article examines the question of marine specialists preparedness to act in extreme situations
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TO THE RESEARCH METHODS OF FAULTS UNDER THE VIBRATION IMPACTS
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionWe propose an approach to the modeling of stressstrain state of lithospheric structures near faults by modeling them as Kirchhoff plates on threedimensional elastic foundation. We describe an efficient method of solving problems for plates with rectilinear fractures, based on the transformation of the differential operator, which allows us to analyze the solutions obtained for different contact conditions in the area of the fracture. The method is presented on the example of the vibration problem of two elongated plates on the surface of the elastic layer under the effect of concentrated surface load. The results of numerical implementation of the developed algorithm make it possible to identify the influence of the substrate properties, characteristics of the plates and the nature of their border interactions on the picture of wave process in the test structure. At the same time obtained configurations of the harmonic signal passage through the fracture can serve as an indicator of its type. The proposed approach should be used to determine the presence and type of fractures based on measurements of signals from vibration sources in cases when geophysical environment can be modeled by the previously described structure. The problems of studying objects we reviewed in this paper also occur in various areas of technology, and, therefore we can apply the proposed method for their solution
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Description
From a huge number of the organisms inhabiting our planet, insects make 70%, being the most numerous of the invertebrate animal classes numbering more than 2 million types. It is difficult to find such place where it would be impossible to meet representatives of this huge class. They completely took over the entire environment - water, the land, air. For them, it is the common characteristic: complex instincts, omnivorous, high fecundity, and for some of them – a public way of life. Insects can be found at tremendous heights, reaching the level of 5000 meters, and they inhabit the desert where it practically never rains, not to mention the absence of any vegetation. Deep caves where no sunlight, nor the conditions for food and existence of living organisms — it is also the habitat of insects, they can be found far beyond the Arctic circle, and even on many Islands of Antarctica, where in addition to lifeless rock, it would seem that there is nothing else. Among insects, one of the largest and most numerous families are the ground beetles (Carabidae). They subtly respond to changes in soil and vegetation, hydrothermal and micro-climatic conditions of the environment, which makes them a convenient model subject to various environmental and Zoological researches. Ground beetles belong to a large number of genera and species, often difficult to see, in this regard, we use many different signs to diagnose. We have taken into consideration the coloration, body shape, external structure, surface structure, size, and arrangement of the genitals and chaetotaxy. Due to the fact, that the number of ground beetles is enormous, and, using their appearance, it is very difficult to determine their generic identity, there is a need of automation of the identification process, due to which we require a special mechanism that would increase the accuracy of these insects. In the previous work of the authors (http://ej.kubagro.ru/2016/05/pdf/01.pdf) we considered the further possibility of using the method of ASC- analysis to classify insects, not only in species but also in genera, orders, thereby increasing the reliability of determination of ground beetles, which will be done in this article. A numerical example is given. We also have gained a successful experience of solving such problems in other subject areas. This article can be considered as a continuation of the series of works dedicated to governmental use of the automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tools – the system of "Eidos"