№ 122(8), October, 2016
Public date: 31.10.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 85, 207 kb
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Description
Small businesses play a special role in the development of the state economy: the national budget from taxes, increasing the welfare of the population, the question of employment, the formation of competitive environment, cost containment and improving the quality of goods and services. In this regard, become topical issues related to the creation of favorable conditions for the functioning and development of management tools and mechanisms of development of organizations of this segment of the economy. This work aims to identify the key problems of functioning of small business organizations through the assessment of the development of this segment in the economy of the Krasnodar region. For the evaluation of small business development in the Krasnodar region we used basic unit of economic analysis aimed at determining the major trends of change in number of organizations average number of employees, revenues, as well as a number of relative indicators in the whole segment and by major activities. It was determined that the number of small businesses in the Krasnodar region for three years practically did not change, whereas a decrease in the number of workers employed in this segment, revenue has a small tendency to increase. In the structure of the segment is dominated by micro-enterprises, 47% operate in the trade sector. Indicators of development of small business organizations meet the classification criteria in terms of revenue for microenterprises and their share in total number of companies this segment is 1%. The results of the study say the lack of a clear strategy from small businesses, due to unavailability of tools for its development, expressed the high value of the resource and, as a consequence, ignoring this question when organizing the activities of enterprises. Therefore, the question becomes more urgent the development of tools of business modeling and strategic planning adapted to the requirements of this segment
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THE PROBLEM OF RESEARCH OF FINAL RANKING FOR GROUP OF EXPERTS BY MEANS OF KEMENY MEDIAN
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn various applications, it is necessary to analyze several expert orderings, i.e. clustered rankings objects of examination. These areas include technical studies, ecology, management, economics, sociology, forecasting, etc. The objects can be some samples of products, technologies, mathematical models, projects, job applicants and others. In the construction of the final opinion of the commission of experts, it is important to find clustered ranking that averages responses of experts. This article describes a number of methods for clustered rankings averaging, among which there is the method of Kemeny median calculation, based on the use of Kemeny distance. This article focuses on the computing side of the final ranking among the expert opinions problem by means of median Kemeny calculation. There are currently no exact algorithms for finding the set of all Kemeny medians for a given number of permutations (rankings without connections), only exhaustive search. However, there are various approaches to search for a part or all medians, which are analyzed in this study. Zhikharev's heuristic algorithms serve as a good tool to study the set of all Kemeny medians: identifying any connections in mutual locations of the medians in relation to the aggregated expert opinions set (a variety of expert answers permutations). Litvak offers one precise and one heuristic approaches to calculate the median among all possible sets of solutions. This article introduces the necessary concepts, analyzes the advantages of median Kemeny among other possible searches of expert orderings. It identifies the comparative strengths and weaknesses of examined computational ways
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THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ADVISABILITY OF CAR RECYCLING
DescriptionNow in Russia there is a problem of utilization of vehicles. The article reveals questions of the advisability to study boundaries of cars recycling: pricing model with repair, options for vehicles used after repairs, the models for definition of the boundaries of cars recycling
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Description
The problems of increasing the motivation of students of organizations of secondary vocational education and higher education to educational and training activities is due to the use of score-rating approach to recording achievements. The article examines factors that have a negative impact on training and outside training activities, such as TV entertainment, online games, social networks. We consider the activities that have a positive impact on the educational and training activities outside, such as volunteer work, scientific work, socially useful activity. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of traditional approaches to increase the motivation of students on the basis of a three-level scholarships. The article reveals problems of placing information on the ranking of students in online news sites on educational organizations and media stands. The problems associated with the "transparent" scheme of formation of students rated by forming a student's portfolio have been considered as well. We have given a scheme of a fixed valuation of activities of pupils in points and a formula for calculating the scholarships for student achievements in education and trainings, as well as in volunteer activities. An example of the appearance of a prototype automated system for recording pupils' achievements has been presented. The article also shows data on the implementation of the prototype in educational institutions
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ABOUT THE NEW PARADIGM OF MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF RESEARCH
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn 2011 – 2015, the scientific community was represented by a new paradigm of mathematical methods of research in the field of organizational and economic modeling, econometrics and statistics. There was a talk about a new paradigm of applied statistics, mathematical statistics, mathematical methods of economics, the analysis of statistical and expert data in problems of economics and management. We consider it necessary to develop organizational and economic support for solving specific application area, such as the space industry, start with a new paradigm of mathematical methods. The same requirements apply to the teaching of the respective disciplines. In the development of curricula and working programs, we must be based on a new paradigm of mathematical methods of research. In this study, we present the basic information about a new paradigm of mathematical methods of research. We start with a brief formulation of a new paradigm. The presentation in this article focuses primarily on the scientific field of "Mathematical and instrumental methods of economy", including organizational and economic and economic-mathematical modeling, econometrics and statistics, and decision theory, systems analysis, cybernetics, operations research. We discuss the basic concepts. We talk about the development of a new paradigm. We carry out a detailed comparison of the old and the new paradigms of mathematical methods of research. We give information about the educational literature, prepared in accordance with the new paradigm of mathematical methods of researches
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PERSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF POSTHARVEST SUNFLOWER SEED PROCESSING
DescriptionThe designers of competitive seed-cleaning equipment face a crucial task to develop a rational technology of post-harvest seed processing, which would provide output of high quality certified seeds with minimal cost. For determining rational technology of post-harvest processing of sunflower seeds in the seed-cleaning machine based on the grain-cleaning unit ‘GCA-20’, we chose three existing technologies (without fractionation), with various combinations of grain-cleaning equipment, one fractional technology followed by separation of seeds into size fractions (Ø7-Ø8 mm, Ø8-Ø9 mm) on the photoelectron separator. The aim of the study was to determine the priorities of the promising option of post harvest processing by the method of priori ranking using a psychological experiment. According to the survey results, we calculated the coefficient of concordance. After the calculation of the coefficient of concordance its significance was determined using Pearson criterion with the number of degrees of freedom equal 4. The calculated value of Pearson criterion is 17.58, and the table value is 9,488. As the table value is less than the calculated value of Pearson's, we can argue with 95% probability that the opinions of the experts regarding the priority technologies are assessed by the coefficient of concordance and the consistency of the researchers is not accidental. After checking the coefficient of concordance on Pearson criterion a chart of ranking options was built. As a result of the psychological experiment there was determined the rational variant of the technology of post-harvest sunflower seed processing. According to this technology seeds need to be fractioned into two size fractions (Ø7–Ø8 mm, Ø8–Ø9 mm) on the photoelectron separator at the final stage of seed separation in seed-cleaning complexes. This technology will allow us to increase the output of high-quality seeds and reduce their content in the waste (85.52 to 65.60%)
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Description
The article discusses the formation of the collection that includes the most numerous genus Pelargonium (L.Herit.) from the family Geraniaceae Juss, as well as its importance, and the prospects for replenishing and use. There is also analysis of the publications for the recent years, clarifying approaches and principles in classifying the representatives of this species. The collection of Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops is described, taking into account new palynological and cytogenetic criteria in pelargoniums section division. It is represented by more than 120 species, cultivars, as well as intravarietal and interspecific hybrids and is divided into three branches (A, B, C2), three subgenus (Pelargonium. Parvulipetala, Paucisignata) and five sections (Pelargonium, Otidia, Peristera., Reniformia Ciconium). Collection samples are included to the breeding research, as sources of economic features when creating highly-ornamental hybrids and cultivars. The work also studies possible using of the most adapted species, cultivars and hybrids in urban landscaping on the Black Sea coast
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01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThis article is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of boundary value problem for a system of equations of Nernst-Planck and Poisson for a singularly perturbed system of ordinary differential equations [1], based on two parameters. This boundary value problem simulates electrodiffusion of four kinds of ions at the same time in the diffusion layer in electro-membrane systems with perfectly selective membrane, taling into consideration the reaction of recombination of two ions. Meanwhile the other two ions represent ions of a binary salt. As a simple example, we consider the transport of ions sodium, chlorine, hydrogen and hydroxide, moreover, hydrogen and hydroxyl ions recombine in the diffusion layer. A more complex case is the transfer of the products of dissociation of the dihydrogen phosphate of sodium, namely, ions of sodium and dihydrogen phosphate, the latter dissociate at the interface, in turn, hydrogen ions and hydrogen phosphate. Thus, in the solution can simultaneously store three different types of ions: sodium, hydrogen, phosphate. During the transfer, hydrogen ions and ions of hydrogen phosphate recombine to produce phosphoric acid. The article has revealed the structure of the Nernst diffusion layer at currents above Harkatsa current. It is shown, that in the diffusion layer, there are two types of boundary layers: the inner (reaction) boundary layer and boundary layer at the interface solution / membrane
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Description
One of the actual directions of studying the history in modern world is the history of day-to-day life. Studying the industrial day-to-day life of builders on shock Komsomol building let us analyze their problems and the ways to solve them. The author gives the economic and political pre-conditions of organizing the patronage under the building of industrial objects on the South Ural. The concept “shock Komsomol building” and the classification of buildings are given. The main objects of Komsomol patronage which were situated on the territory of Orenburg area at that time are enumerated. The problems of women working at the building are viewed on the materials of Orenburg area. On the basis of archives the per cent ratio of youth and women working on the building is given. The industrial facts influencing on their socialization are examined. The main attention is given to the characteristics of industry, providing the builders with sanitary and domestic conditions of the objects and uniforms. The important aspect was also maintenance of safety measures on the building. The hard work of women who did not have the building education is stressed. The main spheres of professional employment of women on the building are enumerated
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Description
To increase the validity of conclusions about the impact of environment on quality of life we need to move from generalities to the application of quantitative modeling techniques. This requires the joint processing environmental databases and databases depicting various aspects of quality of life. These databases need to be handled not just together, but in a comparable form approach, technology and methodology; and we need to implement them in one software system. For the first time in the environmental studies it has been planned to be done with the application of the ASK- analysis and the system called "Eidos". In this work, we set the goals and the objectives of the application of the ASK-analysis to study the effect of environmental factors on the quality of life of the population of the region. The article reveals the urgency of this study; the requirements for the method of conducting the study, the choice of research method, the contents of the objectives of the study. The proposed work is at the edge of mathematical ecology and mathematical modeling of quality of life (which refers to mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics), resulting from expected synergies, consists in obtaining of new knowledge in these fields, that is relevant to both ecology and economy. This knowledge will make it more meaningful and justified for the application of environmental criteria and concepts in the economy