№ 123(9), November, 2016
Public date: 30.11.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 141, 382 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES ESTABLISHED IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Barley (hordeum vulgare) is a valuable food and forage crop. It is cultivated in the world on an area of about 60 million hectares. A major region of barley cultivation in the Russian Federation is the Southern Federal District. The variety is one of the main factors determining the demand for crop. To use the varieties effectively we must have a complex of economically valuable traits such as hardiness, resistance to lodging, disease and pest resistance. These traits make it possible to generate the harvest high and stable from year to year. The article is devoted to the analysis of winter barley varieties, created in the south of Russia from ancient times to the present day. The main achievements of the leading Russian breeding facilities and experienced breeders of scientists set out in chronological order. The article describes the methods and principles of selection (from individual selection to mutagenesis and complex selective breeding) used to breeding the new varieties of winter barley. The most attention is given to the outstanding varieties included to the mating program today
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The gaining of maximum amount of daily young animals in a greater extent depends on disinfection of incubation eggs which in complex of veterinarysanitary arrangements held in poultry factories on prevention and elimination of poultry infectious diseases takes an important part. The perspective of ozone application in industrial poultry breeding is conditioned with its advantages which it characterizes in comparison with other chemical substances. It was settled that ozone has a special ability to detain the growth of fungi on biological substrates, also the process of mould appearance on the surface of eggs’ shell even at 90% of relative moisture. At substantiation of parameters and regimes of electro-technological process of egg storehouse ozonation there were implemented the experimental researches. The general bacterial semination of eggs’ shell decreased on 94,1% after disinfection of incubaion eggs with ozone. The relative faults of experimental values from theoretical ones are 7%. In the result of production trials there were set the parameters of quality of the worked out electrotechnological process of egg poultry factory storehouse ozonation: time of regulation ‒ 8 minutes, dynamic fault ‒ 0,9, coefficient of overcorrection ‒ 4,5%, generalized integral mean-square index ‒ 10,6%. Obtained data testify against the qualitative regulation of allocation of concentration of ozone in a egg storehouse
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MODERN ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SORGHUM FORAGE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Sorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows, sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients, necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of nutritional value according to fodder units is being revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients. The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general (energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine. The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’ and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best varieties according to the contents of fodder units
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COMPLEX PROCESSING OF BEET PULP USING METHODS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article analyzes the possibility of complex processing of one of the most important secondary raw materials of Krasnodar region – sugar beet pulp with the aim of obtaining a food product and enriched feed additives. Meanwhile, the use of environmentally safety technologies that cause minimal harm to the environment and human health is provided. One of the most valuable components of sugar beet pulp after extraction of sugar is pectin substance. Sugar beet pectin substances have high complexing ability and are used not only in food industry, but also in medicine. They are natural detoxifiers and antioxidants. Currently, only dry powder pectin is produced from sugar beet pulp and only by foreign producers. Making food pectin extracts from sugar beet pulp will not only reduce the number of processing steps, but also significantly reduce the cost of the final product. Food pectin extracts can be used not only as a standalone product in treatment and prophylactic nutrition, but also as an ingredient in the manufacture of soft drinks, confectionery and bakery, meat and dairy products, etc. The technology of producing a valuable component of feed bioproduct based on spent sugar beet pulp and a microscopic fungus of the genus Trichoderma is described
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EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF DIFFERENT WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WEST CAUCASUS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The influence of the crop rotation type, predecessor and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of two winter wheat cultivars (Lira and Krasnodar 99) was investigated. The investigations were carried out in the North-Kuban Agricultural Experiment Station in two five-crops: grain tillage and grain - grass tillage rotation of prolonged stationary experience. The soil is the black soil, low in humus, powerful, with humus content, depending on the power of nutrition backgrounds in the arable (0-30sm) soil layer is 3,95-4,00%, of mineral nitrogen is 5,9-8,3 mg / kg of soil, of exchangeable potassium is 330-360 mg / kg of soil. It was found that the maximum value of the winter wheat crop structure elements is noticed in the fertilizer systems with complete mineral fertilizer, and the minimum value - with PK and NK. Winter wheat yield depends on the crop rotation of 8-15%; from its predecessor - 15-18% and 27-31% of the fertilizer. Grain quality was generally determined by the dose of fertilizer. High and higher doses of fertilizers contributed to the protein content from 11.7 to 12.3% and fibrin content - 23,5-24,0%. A strong correlation between yield and agronomic methods was determined
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INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON EFFICIENCY OF HYBRIDS OF SUNFLOWER
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Results of researches on studying of various doses of mineral fertilizers on efficiency of hybrids of sunflower Vulcan, the Arena, the Brio and the Signal are given in article. Researches showed that depending on formation of biological mass of sunflower reserves of productive moisture decreased that was a major factor in productivity formation
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INTRODUCTION FEATURES OF RED OAK (QUÉRCUS RÚBRA) IN MARI EL REPUBLIC
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The research purpose was estimate of the red oak growing suitability in Mari El Republic. To achieve this goal we investigated experienced 44-year-old red oak plantation at the Botanical garden-Institute, determined acorns morphological characteristics of red and English oaks and seedlings grown from them. The evaluation of red oak plantings identified excess of average height and tree diameter in comparison with English oak, but the sanitary condition of both oaks forests was weakened due to the influence of the complex of unfavorable factors. Morphological acorns evaluation showed that the shape factor of acorns of English oak is equal to 1.64, while the red oak is 1.1. Biometrics parameters of red oak bareroote seedlings in the field were higher than English oak bareroote seedlings. In greenhouse biometric parameters of red oak container seedlings had not excess. According to this research, red oak is recommended for use in landscape construction in Mari El Republic
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DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY-RIPENING WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
Early-ripening white cabbage has a special place among the vegetables cultivated in the Kuban region. It opens the pipeline of vegetables from the open ground and is supplied to other regions at a time when shortage of vegetables of domestic production is felt the most. Modern producer requirements to domestic hybrids are the highest - product quality, uniformity and productivity should not concede to foreign analogues. Ways to improve the quality of early ripening hybrids: development of lines based on modern foreign hybrids, high uniformity of lines by morphological and economic traits. Development of male sterile lines and dihaploid lines in culturein vitro can more successfully solve the problem of quality of early ripening hybrids. The use of the above methods and approaches helped develop series of inbred lines - gene sources for complex agronomic traits. On the vase of obtained lines promising earlyripening hybrids were developed. One of the hybrids, Ritsa F1, entered the State register of breeding achievements. Advantages of the hybrid: earliness, uniformity and high marketability of heads, high productivity. According to results of contest trial new hybrid Milana F1 is passed for State trial, this hybrid has high productivity potential for growing in sale cropping. Both hybrids were produced with the participation of male sterile line Dt46f, resistant to fusarium. High quality seeds of these hybrids were produced in a greenhouse in direct crop for a wide industrial and environmental testing
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article presents the results of a study to determine changes in indicators of fertility in typical chernozem of the Belgorod region and the productivity of corn using different agricultural technologies, including with elements of biologization
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STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE SECTOR “AGROTOURISM” IN FARMS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article contains the summarized information on the activity of a farm having a sector of “Agrotourism”. There was revealed the positive dynamics of development of agricultural tourism in the Krasnodar region, the extension of offered services in this direction; there was set the obstacles restraining the development of the present sector. There were named the reserves to increase the profitability: (domestic milk production and participation in programs of state support
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