№ 125(1), January, 2017
Public date: 31.01.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 57, 133 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe accumulation of heavy metals was studied in different component parts of a White squash (skin and flesh, flesh, seed skin, seed kernel, peduncle). It is known that the basic source of feed for agricultural crops are mobile water soluble organic and mineral soil combinations which are polluted by heavy metals in different degrees. In the process of their migration they are able to accumulate in different parts of plants or to disperse. The mechanism of quantitative estimation of migration of heavy metals in direction of removal of mobile water soluble soil combinations to various parts of a White squash is developed by the author. The ranks of mobility of heavy metals are made from the most mobile manganese to the most indifferent iron. The model of estimation of mobility of the rest spectrum of heavy metals is chosen, namely: lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt in relation to manganese and iron. Basing on the position of a separate element in a mobile rank and its concentration it is possible to define the source of entering to a squash fruit. It may be water soluble soil combinations, irrigation water and atmospheric aerosols
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IMPACT OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
DescriptionThis article is devoted to the influence of petroleum and petroleum products on the natural environment. There are the chemical composition of petroleum and the reasons for its detrimental impact on natural components. The pathways of petroleum and petroleum products in the natural environment were listed. There is a characteristic of the impact of these substances on all components of the natural environment, including soil, hydrosphere, living organisms. Consequences of such impact on each of the elements were listed. There are methods of fighting oil pollution and the need to make their application more expressed, as well as developing new, more effective ways
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EFFECT OF THE METHODOLOGY FOR DECISION-MAKING IMPLICATIONS
DescriptionThe term "methodology" is understood differently. Methodology - the doctrine of the organization. Methodology (from the "method" and "logy") - the doctrine of structure, logical organization, methods and means of action. Methodology - the system of principles and methods of organization and construction of theoretical and practical activities, as well as teaching on this system. From these definitions it follows that the methodology - is an intellectual base rod defining approach to specific activities to management decisions. The methodology, which adheres to the manager, lies at the heart of its activities, determines its success or failure, manifested in the consequences of decisions. We give some examples of methodological errors which lead to wrong management decisions. So, the person who seriously requires providing "maximum profit at minimum cost" should be classified into one of two classes, which can be briefly described as "fools" and "liars". Profit must not be the sole purpose of business. The following section will discuss the methodology in place of conducting various scientific economic and technical studies. A natural continuation of the topic - the wording of some of the methodological problems using mathematical methods
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Description
The aim of the article is theoretical and experi¬mental confirmation of the possibility to improve the acceleration performance of tractor units by in¬stalling a tow hitch with variable stiffness. Application of speed tractors in agricultural pro¬duction meets a number of difficulties associated with the unsteady processes, especially while accel¬erating of machine and tractor units. The resulting large inertial loads during acceleration lead to loss of engine power, due to which the machine and tractor unit operates with less performance and economy. Our analysis of published studies shows that the acceleration performance of tractor units is greatly influenced by the rigidity of external links in the form of coupling devices installed between the trac¬tor and the agricultural machine. The design of the tow hitch with variable nonlinear stiffness for class 1.4 tractors is offered. The results of theoretical and experimental studies on the effect of the proposed tow hitch with variable nonlinear stiffness on the acceleration capabilities of machine and tractor units based on class 1.4 tractor are shown. Based on the analysis of characteristics obtained by the analytical and experimental ways, it was proved that the use of the hitch with a variable non-linear stiffness on class 1.4 tractor helps to improve the acceleration performance of the machine and tractor unit
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Description
In modern conditions the sphere of housing and communal services has every reason to become a breakthrough towards sustainable development of the national economy based on innovation. However, most of the fixed assets of institutional agents of this sector in dire need of immediate conduct of a comprehensive modernization. This fact determines the relevance of subjects of this article. The main object of management in the sphere of housing and communal services is housing. The organization of its operation does not meet modern standards, which negatively affects the quality of utility services provided to the population. We have revealed the most significant factors and determined the degree of their influence on the development of innovative potential of the sphere of housing and communal services and improving the quality of housing and communal services. The article reveals the necessity of introduction of innovative technologies of information metering and payment of utility services to the population. The influence of these technologies to improve the quality of housing and communal services, as well as strengthening the financial condition of the majority of institutional agents engaged in housing operation was found. We identify the most promising areas of the comprehensive modernization of municipal infrastructure of housing and communal services through the introduction of innovative technologies of information metering and payment of utility services which stimulate institutional agents of this sector to improve the quality of housing services produced by them
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MODELING OF CONTACT FORCES IN THE CONCENTRATED FORAGES COMPONENTS’ MOVEMENT IN RELATIVE SCREW DRUMS
DescriptionAnalytical research results of contact forces of interaction of concentrated forages components’ particles in their movement in relative screw drums are presented. It is shown that contact forces – the most difficult forces by their nature; result from stochastic (probable) collision of bulks particles and in particular of concentrated forages components’ particles. Therefore the main objective of this modeling – to describe the stochastic phenomena of the so-called conditional contacts of particles for which some assumptions are accepted, for example, in forcing of mass of concentrated forages components’ particles by the walls of the rotating relative screw drum in the radial direction there will simultaneously arise contacts caused by geometry of a screw drum, i.e. the property of its walls is pressure transfer in relation to the mass of particles in the direction of the modeled movement. Schemes of engagement of concentrated forages components’ particles contacting in the relative screw drum, the probable schedule of sliding speeds values change in their consecutive contacting, their density distribution are demonstrated
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Description
At present time, the authors consider the urgent problem on preparation of a prosecutor to the realization of criminal-procedural function of establishment of objective truth in a criminal case for law enforcement practice. The conclusion on realization of the present function by a prosecutor is substantiated on the basis of directives of a general prosecutor of the RF, a prosecutor of Krasnodar region, the conducted poll of present employers of bodies of a public prosecutor's office of the RF, opinions of scientists in the sphere of process, authors’ own arguments and practical recommendations on preparation of its execution are given. The complex analysis of criminal-process authorities of a prosecutor allowing it to achieve the effective establishment of objective truth in a criminal case is carried out
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MODERN PROBLEMS OF LAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
DescriptionThere were cited the indexes of changes of arable lands of the RF in the result of modern land reform. On the example of the Krasnodar region there was determined the dynamics and variability of arable lands and sowings for 1970-2012 using the linear equation of regression. There were formulated the main reasons of decreasing of agricultural lands: reorganization of agricultural organizations, formation of land redistribution stock, presence of unclaimed and unused lands in agricultural production. There was made a conclusion on necessity of substantiation of theoretical aspects of management with land resources and development of practical activity in the sphere of land relations improvement. There was shown the experience of management with land resources in different countries. There was substantiated the development of modern system of management on the basis of systematic and situational approach. There was made a conclusion on necessity of creation of independent organizational structure of management with land resources, developments of the concepts of land policy of the RF on 2016-2025 under the government of the RF. The state program of land reforms must include the development of land legislation; creation of planning system, use and protection of land resources; determination of order of use of arable lands by landowners and land users on the basis of land management documents; provision of special protection of arable lands; restoration of land management service of Russia. There were offered some arrangements to complete the last stage of modern land reform
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Description
Ozonization of incubation eggs when storing at an egg-storehouse is well included in technological process of production and egg sorting. Ozone influences absolutely all known viruses and microbes. Larger chickens are hatched from ozone-treated eggs, safety of chickens is increased. However, the present technology did not obtain the wide spreading in the sphere of poultry farming because of uneven concentration due to the volume of treated premises. In the result of mathematical modeling there was worked out the system of management with electrical and technological process of ozonization of egg-storehouses of poultry factories, indexes of quality the work of which was assessed in the system of automated projecting of logical-dynamic systems SimInTech. The summarized integral mean-square index (J = 9,7%) decreased on 19,3 % in comparison with the variant without regulation (J = 29%), that testifies on enough qualitative regulation of distribution of ozone concentration in an egg-storehouse and satisfies the shown acceptable value of the present index (no more 15%). On the basis of produced researches there was created the nomogram determining the tension of charging facility and discharge of a ventilator of electric ozonator in dependence on treated egg amount. In accordance with technical solutions there was worked out the principal electric circuit with system of electric equipment of electric technological process of ozonization of egg-storehouses of poultry factories on the basis of microcontroller ATmega8
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INDUSTRIAL LIVESTOCK
DescriptionOne of the main criteria of efficiency technologies in livestock production is the level of the negative impact on the environment per unit of time, or volume of production. Intensification and specialization can significantly improve efficiency, but at the same time can increases the impact on agro-ecosystem. An important condition for the preservation of ecosystems is to find ways of using animal waste as a raw resource. The ecological balance can ensure the production of meat and dairy products for industrial technology in family farms of 50-200 cows and up to 10 thousand pigs. Economically advantageous to carry out the raw manure to a distance of no more than 10-15 km, which is achieved with a small population, when fully formed wastes are used to improve soil fertility. For large mega-complexes advisable to equip their facilities for the production of biogas and the use of covered manure storage. In its turn, to prevent infection of livestock production, bentonite clay should be used as sorbents. This technology content of the stomach-governmental and poultry should be humane with respect to them, environmentally safe for the ecosystem, cost-effective and competitiveness for producers, safe for consumer