№ 130(6), June, 2017
Public date: 30.06.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 87, 224 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFor the research period (2003-2016), 57 pest species and 46 pathogens were recorded on stone and pomaceous fruits in humid Russian subtropics, among which the representatives of the order Lepidoptera and the division Ascomycota predominate. The greatest number of the species was recorded on the apple tree - 35 pests and 25 pathogens, the smallest - on cherry and sweet cherry trees (13 and 10, respectively). 43,7 per cent of the species are polyphages, while the relative abundance of monophages among fungi is higher than among arthropods. The species with activity in the summer are prevalent. A group of species that are harmful in humid subtropical environments all year round (11 species of phytophages and 19 pathogens) was identified. Analyzing the changes in the species composition of the complex through the time, we can speak about the relative stability of the dominant species. The group of the typical dominant species of pests for almost a century has included Grapholita molesta Busck., G. funebrana Tr., Cydia pomonella L., Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., Stigmina carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, Monilinia laxa (Aderh. et Ruhland) Honey, M. fructigena Honey, Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S. Salmon, Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher and pear V. pyrina Aderh. Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm., Scolytus mali Bechst. and Tranzschelia prunispinosae (Pers.) Dietel are currently dropped out from the group of the dominants; Halyomorpha halys Stål, which is a new pest for Russia, was added. Groups of the species with sharp fluctuations in abundance or frequently encountered were distinguished
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Description
The integration of producers of raw materials and its processors into the agro-industrial complex is connected with the social division of labor, its specialization, the need for interaction between specialized branches and types of agro-industrial production. Agrarian enterprises are united in an effort to reduce the risk, the emergence of which depends on the climatic conditions, the spontaneity of the agricultural market, the dictates of processing enterprises, the need to increase the competitiveness of production. In the Russian practice, there were various organizational forms of integration, differing in the nature of economic ties between participants, the degree of independence of the enterprises entering the association, the combination of centralization and decentralization of management. Conventionally they are divided into associative - "soft" and corporate - "hard." The "soft" forms of association include as-association, union, non-profit partnership and strategic alliance. They can effectively function at the interregional level. A rigid type of integration ties is characteristic for combines, concerns, trusts, holdings. Agricultural consumer cooperatives are voluntary associations of legal entities and individuals residing or operating in a certain rural area on the basis of membership and pooling of money units in order to meet the needs of members in credit resources and other banks services. The conditions for the emergence of sustainable integrated associations in the agroindustrial complex require qualitative and quantitative analysis based on mathematical modeling
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CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS FORMATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEM FOR A PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE
DescriptionIn connection with the informatization of production, scientific-technical, social and public activities, the emergence of the digital economy, there is a need to protect effectively sensitive and confidential data. The solution to the problem of creation of system of information security becomes particularly relevant and significant, since with the advent of complex automated information systems significantly increased the quantity of information stored in the computing device, in single databases have become integrated information for various purposes, greatly expanded the number of users having access to the information resources of the enterprise. In the article, we have proposed and scientifically based conceptual foundation and principles of construction of modern system of protecting information files to manufacturing enterprises, which constitute commercial secret, from damage and unauthorized access. We have identified the information that requires protection from competitors and intruders, identified infrastructure their protection and the mechanisms for their own reliable operation of protective systems. It is shown that the objects to be protected from potential internal and external threats and illegal acts are staff, material, financial and intellectual resources, means and systems of informatization and protection of all types of resources. The basic principles of information security production of the enterprise are the mutual responsibility of management and staff, legitimacy, cooperation with law enforcement bodies, maintenance of optimum balance of interests of the company and the individual
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SPECIAL CASES OF INVERSE MATRICES
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionThe inverse matrix for the square matrix A of order n with coefficients of some field exists, as it is known then and only then, when its determinant is not equal to zero. If the matrix A has a certain type (certain structure), then an inverse matrix A-1 should not have exactly the same structure. Therefore, it is interesting to describe such square matrices A, which have an inverse matrix A-1, having the same structure as the matrix A, under certain conditions. For example, a subdiagonal matrix with nonzero elements on the main diagonal has an inverse matrix over a field of characteristic zero, having also the form of subdiagonal matrix. Similarly, an inverse matrix towards symmetrical or skew-symmetric matrix is also symmetric or skew-symmetric accordingly. Also, the matrix inverse to non-degenerate (nonsingular) circulant will be a circulant itself, and finally, the matrix inverse to nonsingular quasdiagonal matrix D will be quasdiagonal itself, and will have the same partitioned structure as D. Thus, there is a problem of determining these types of nonsingular matrices that have an inverse matrix of the same type as a given matrix. In line with this problem in the present study it is determined such type of matrices for which an inverse matrix has the same type, at that the conditions are identified in explicit form, ensuring the nonsingularity of the matrix. The matrices of three orders are shown in detail. These results allow determining the characteristics of fields over which there are inverse matrices of the considered types
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SIMULATION OF BALL LIGHTNING IN CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this work, a model is developed to describe the formation of streamers, plasmoid, and ball lightning in a conducting medium. To describe the contribution of the conductivity currents, we modified the standard electrostatic equation taking into account the vortex component of the electric field. As a result of this generalization, a system of parabolic-type nonlinear equations is formulated that describes the formation of streamers, plasma long-lived formations and ball lightning. As is known, in laboratories it is possible to create a plasmoid with a lifetime of 300-500 ms and a diameter of 10-20 cm, which is interpreted as a ball lightning. With high-speed photography, a complex structure is detected, consisting of a plasmoid and surrounding streamers. Within the framework of the proposed model, problems are posed about the formation of a plasmoid and the propagation of streamers in an external electric field. In this model, the plasmoid is considered to be a long-lived streamer. The range of parameters in which a plasmoid of spherical shape is formed is indicated. It is established that there are three streamer branching mechanisms. The first mechanism is related to the instability of the front, which leads to the separation of the head of the streamer into two parts. The second mechanism is associated with the instability of the streamer in the base region, which leads to the branching of the streamer with the formation of a large number of lateral streamers closing the main channel of the streamer to the cathode. In numerical experiments, the third branching mechanism observed in experiments connected with the branching of the plasmoid in the cathode region with the closure of the space charge to the anode through the streamer system was observed. The results of modeling the evolution of globular clusters in a scale of hundreds of milliseconds are given. Plasma exchange recharge modes leading to the formation of a positive or negative charge of the system are found
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INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE ACCOUNTING OF FEED CONSUMPTION IN A DAIRY FARM
DescriptionA computer program, as an information system, is designed to fill in the daily form that simulates the form of SP 20. This document indicates the number of livestock, the feed consumption limit by species and sex and age groups per head and the total limit for a month for all livestock. The computer program is created on the basis of an Excel spreadsheet, which is easily mastered by the user (accountant, accountant, manager). The computer program is developed using the VBA language, which allows you to automate all computing operations for data processing. The user enters only known initial data (cattle groups, species and number of feeds)
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MONUMENTS OF THE FEBRUARY AND OCTOBER REVOLUTION IN THE TERRITORY OF RUSSIA
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the monuments of revolutions of 1917 in Russia. It is emphasized that from the historical point of view, almost all monuments represent the embodiment of the losses and sufferings of humankind in various armed conflicts. This is especially true for the revolutions of 1917, which changed the entire modern history of the country, and even after 100 years cause a special interest both in the international scientific community and among ordinary people. This study specifies that after the final establishment and approval of the Soviet government, the new government realized that it was needed to create a certain basis, namely, its political symbolism as a foundation for the formation of image of the new government. The most important component of this process was the desire of the authorities to the formation of the ideas of the Soviet people about themselves and their place in the world, and, as a consequence, the folding of the foundations of Soviet patriotism, because the new generation who had no idea about the Russian Empire, began its life in the country, which had an ideology, but just started to develop the system of socialist values. The attention is paid to the fact that the monuments are one of the important elements of the historical and cultural heritage, which reflected the past experience of mankind, broadcast through architectural and sculptural symbols to the present, which contributes not only to the cultural enrichment of mankind, but also used by people to influence worldviews contemporaries. The article says that modern youth need to know the history of their country, not to forget about the numerous victims of various wars, to preserve peace and appreciate life
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Description
The article briefly describes the completeness of the organization of the investigation and its relevance to forensic techniques. The peculiarities of the structure of the technique of investigation of crimes against family and minors were examined
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MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF SUPERTHIN CRUSHING OF FOOD FIBRES
DescriptionIn this work, we have analyzed the multiple literary sources and summarized the material regarding beet dietary fibers. Their composition, physicochemical, physicomechanical and hygrothermal properties were studied. The study of the particle-size distribution showed that the content of the insoluble fraction exceeded the content of the soluble fractions in all the samples. The use of the secondary products of processing of the plant raw material is also critical; they allow improving the preventive properties of products and enriching them with dietary fibers, protein, and mineral elements. The properties and quality of the raw material are, to the large extent, determined by and depend upon its granulometric composition, that is, upon the size of particles that compose this object. The authors determined the granulometric composition of the studied nutritional supplements. It was found out that the use of the combination of the impacts together with the abrading impact led to the intensification of the process, a decrease in the milling time and the uniformity of the obtained granulometric composition. The choice of the vertical mill as milling equipment in combination with the metal balls added to it to increase the efficiency of milling and uniformity of the granulometric composition of beetroot fibers was proved experimentally
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Description
In the article, we analyze the measures that the lawenforcement authorities of Tsarist Russia undertook against the process of bringing the criminal income into the economy of the country and using it for the extremist and terrorist activities. The fact that the amount of illegal incomes in Russia in the late XIX century and the beginning of the XX century increased massively, and these incomes were used in the social and political life in quite a peculiar way, confirms the idea that in the democratizing society undergoing a number of social reforms many political organizations recourse to searching for and forming illegal sources of financial incomes and further money laundering to support their activities. The increase in crime, especially in the economic sphere, strains social relations, instigates different organizations and movements struggling for power to receive financing from criminal sources. In their turn, the organizations and movements use the criminal incomes for the political struggle, masking it behind noble causes. Criminal associations arising against the national backdrop manipulate the political, cross-national and other kinds of contradictions, existing in international and interstate relations. With the aim of laundering the “shadow” funds and in defiance of the national interests, they use the services of foreign banks and special agencies of antagonistic countries