№ 134(10), December, 2017
Public date: 29.12.2017
Archive of journal: Articles count 112, 287 kb
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
LANDSCAPE PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF THE CAMPUS TERRITORY OF PETROZAVODSK STATE UNIVERSITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionТhe results of the evaluation of the condition of trees and shrubs in various types of park and garden stands located on the territory of several educational buildings of Petrozavodsk state university are presented in the article. The details of the planning of sites and the spatial location of trees and shrubs are displayed. The species composition and the distribution of plants according to the categories of viability are identified. The 3D computer models of the studied territories with inventory results are created. The analysis of the plantation allows us to offer projects on formation of the landscape planning structure of the university campus of PetrSU
-
THE DURATION OF THE PRODUCTIVE USE OF SOWS AND ANALYSIS OF REASONS FOR CULLING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionNowadays, domestic pig production is dynamically changing in technological and selection terms and is one of the most effective sectors. In the current conditions of pig breeding in intensive technology, the requirements to the level and direction of pig production, the rational use of genetic resources are increasing. The development of effective methods for the production of pork on the basis of the wide use of highly productive breeds and types of both imported and domestic selection allows to obtain the maximum possible productivity of animals, to produce pork of good quality, to reduce the cost of production and to fully realize the genetic potential of animals. Genetic and selection techniques have significantly changed the physiological, morphological and productive capabilities of modern animals. In connection with this, the actual for the pig industry is the identification of opportunities to increase the duration of the use of pigs, and the inclusion of new indicators in breeding work when creating specialized maternal lines. The research was carried out on the electronic database (KP ACC, OOO "Selikom", Ryazan), the breeding center "Lozovoye" ZAO "Plemzavod-Yubileyniy" of the Tyumen region. The center is engaged in thoroughbred breeding and improvement of four pigs: large white, landrace, pietren, duroc
-
FOREST DIVISION AND STATUS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF THE TAMAN PENINSULA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents long-term studies of afforestation on the Taman Peninsula. The directions of improving the ecology of the peninsula are considered by increasing the total biomass of the biogeocenosis of the given region by creating forest plantations, increase of forest cover and involvement of non-generating land in the economic circulation. Practical agro-forest-meliorative aspects of development of a specific category of nonproducing lands are presented. The basic agrotechnical methods are recommended at creation of forest plantations. The analysis of the state of forest plantations on the unique site of the Taman Peninsula is given - it is a tract of Sad Yakhno
-
IMPACT OF WAYS OF INCORPORATING RICE STRAW INTO THE SOIL ON RICE YIELD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the conditions of the two-factor field experiment, the influence of four methods of incorporating straw in the soil on the rice yield was studied: plowing, one-, two- and three-time discs and three ways of "processing" the straw: embedding in the soil of the chopped straw in its pure form, together with compensating nitrogen fertilizer and inoculated stubble biodestructor Stemix ® Niva. It is shown that the lowest yield is formed when straw is plowed, while surface tillage of soil by one-, two- and three-fold discs significantly increases the grain yield in comparison with the plow by 2.4, 4.2 and 5.2 c / ha, respectively. Taking into account that the double disking provided an almost twice increase in the yield of the crop and the absence of statistically significant differences with the triple disking; it is this method of incorporating the straw that should be considered the most expedient. The introduction of a compensating nitrogen fertilizer ensured a reliable increase in yield by 5.1 and 3.7 centners per hectare in comparison with the variants with the introduction of straw in pure form and treatment with biopreparation. Calculation of the share of the influence of the factors studied on the rice yield showed that the method for embedding straw provides 29.9% of the variability of the trait under study, the method of straw treatment is 36.7%, and the residual dispersion accounts for 33.4%. Incorporation of chopped rice straw in the soil together with compensating nitrogen fertilizer in the amount of 1% of the mass of straw, by double discing, ensured the receipt of a conventionally net income of 6940 rubles / ha, the rate of return - 70.4% and the cost recovery - 1.7 rubles / rub
-
ISSUE OF DEVELOPMENT OF NONWEEDING TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING RICE SEEDS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAn analysis of the state of contamination of rice crops with red-grained forms was carried out, as well as impurity was found both in the seed material and in the soil. It was shown that there is a need to switch to non-weeding seed growing technology when conducting elite and reproductive seed production. Various variants of soil cultivation in combating the red rice forms are considered, both in the main and in the pre-sowing treatment. It has been found that after harvesting rice on heavily foul areas, it is better to burn straw, and not to carry out autumn tillage of the soil, the seeds of red-grained forms die mostly when wintering on the soil surface. The most effective method of soil cultivation for controlling of red rice forms in seed crops has been identified, in which the yield is increased, and the contamination of crops and the resulting rice grain is significantly reduced. The work carried out will allow reducing manual labor costs in the production of seeds, improving their quality and assortment, speed up variety changing and variety updating
-
STATE AND STRUCTURE OF THE STREET PLANTINGS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF EKATERINBURG
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionUrban trees can provide multiple environmental benefits. The study of the state of the street tree and shrubby vegetation from the analysis of inventory data and environmental conditions is purpose the article. The structure of 11 types of street roadside vegetation, which determines about 93% of the greenery composition of the city of Ekaterinburg is considered. The structure of the examined tree-shrub vegetation and all vegetation, which is part of the greening of Ekaterinburg, is compared. For each tree (shrub) was measured: species, number of stems, diameter of stem at 1,3 m, tree height, height to base of live crown, crown width, percent of branch dieback in crown, percent of canopy volume devoid of leaves, number of sides of the tree receiving sunlight from above, distance and direction to building, distance to road. As a result, homogeneity of illumination of various plant species is received. Ash ordinary has the largest of all plants values of the percent of the missing crown (61.3%) and closest distance to the road. The effect on the plants (by average distance) of urban buildings (7- 30 meters) and the proximity of the roadway (3-7 meters) was observed
-
THE EXPERIENCE OF CREATING A POPULATION OF MEAT-WOOL SHEEP
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe study of the productive qualities of crossbred offspring from different breeding combinations and identifying the most effective ones providing the maximum increase in the production of high quality lamb while reducing its cost is an important problem and is essential for further development of methods of creating a new type of precocious meat and wool sheep. In the Rostov region in the result of the establishment of populations of meat-wool sheep there are several groups of animals with different characteristics and hereditary inclinations. As the base of the work there is a method of mating and breeding of sheep of the desired type. The article presents the results of one of the fragments of a large complex work in which the possibility of using three-pedigree hybrids, created with the involvement of potential salskaya, edilbaevskaya and intense meat-wool breed, which is severokavkazskaya, to improve productive quality in the breeding of sheep. We have evaluated productivity and biological features of hybrids and proved the economic efficiency of their use in the production of mutton. We have given the results of the control slaughter and assessment of qualitative indicators of the meat of young sheep. The set of indicators characterizing meat productivity and meat quality revealed that the superiority of the studied indicators remained for two - and three-bred cross cattle. Hybrids have a higher rate of growth and quality parameters of meat productivity. These options are simple and complex industrial crossing are promising and can be implemented and used on the farms of the zone of breeding Merino sheep. Thus, the use of crossbreeding gives an opportunity to convert a flock of sheep in the desired direction quickly. At the same time, three-pedigree hybrids better combine the valuable qualities of the used species
-
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY OF DRAIN AGROLANDSCAPES DEPENDING ON THEIR MELIORATIVE CONDITION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty particles along the profile, water-soluble humus, mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical and oxidation-reduction properties for cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe steady development of modern pig farming dictates the need for new priorities, opportunities and requirements, such as reducing harmful environmental impacts, more efficient use of resources, and provision of comfortable conditions for the pig housing. The creation of an appropriate ITS BAT in the branch will optimize the activity of agricultural pig breeding enterprises due to the transition to performance of requirements based on BAT technological parameters, to solve the problem of energy efficiency, import substitution and increase of competitiveness. Their integration will have an effect not only on improving the ecological state of the environment, but also on the economy of agricultural enterprises providing a new approach to agricultural activity
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article contains data on results of calving and blood tests of heifers moved from the Astrakhan region in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar region in the condition of early pregnancy. According to the accompanying documents, cell blood count, hemoglobin and biochemical parameters were consistent with species and age normal. Calving took place without complications and did not require delivery; received 36 of 36 calves from cows. The quality of the calves found to be satisfactory. On the 45th day of service period, clinical signs of impaired health status were present in 2 animals, however biochemical markers of liver disease, inflammation, and anemia was identified in 7 heifers. In the context of work on creation of livestock combined milk and meat productivity of inseminated heifers and heifers of the Simmental breed the Simmental semen (25 cows) and Aberdeen Angus (34 cows) breeds. Fruitfully inseminated 55 out of 60 animals; indicator of severity of calving was 8 % for Simmental cows. Calves of Simmental breed and Simmental-Aberdeen Angus cross-breeds meet the requirements for live weight at birth and the exterior. Farming on the formation of herds of milk and meat direction of productivity are found to be effective