№ 151(7), September, 2019
Public date: 30.09.2019
Archive of journal: Articles count 20, 61 kb
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ANALYSIS OF SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF ALLIUM GUNIBICUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTRODUCTION
DescriptionAs the result of introduction research of Dagestan endemic Allium gunibicum under mountain conditions seed productivity variability data were obtained. An analysis of the data revealed significant difference in seed productivity performance of samples (inflorescence mass, seed mass, mass of 100 seeds, fruit number, ovules number, number of seeds, percentage of fruit bloom, seeds formation coefficient) among themselves both within one-year research and annually. The analysis showed that under the introduction with the same conditions the mean values of seed productivity characteristics decrease together with increasing of the sea level of collecting locations; at the same time, a mass of 100 seeds increases. The most variable factors were found out. They are seed mass in inflorescence, seed number in inflorescence, seeds formation coefficient. And the steadiest factors are a percentage of fruit bloom and mass of 100 seeds. As the result of the one-way analysis of variance a significant influence of the altitude above the sea level and slope disposition were discovered
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THE EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION
DescriptionThe article studies the influence of the different time sowing periods of Volzhsky First winter barley variety on the grain yield and the elements of its structure in the conditions of LLC “Vpered” of the Spassky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The research was being conducted from 2015 to 2018. The barley was sown in four periods: from August 20 to September 19 (with an interval of 10 days) with the clean fallow as its predecessor. We used the seeding rate of 2.5 million seedlings per hectare. The maximum grain yield of the winter barley was 3.94 t / ha. This corresponds to the sown date of August 20, the density of productive stalk of 226 pieces / m2 and an ear productivity of 1.800 g. Winter barley has a high tillering ability. The maximum value of the coefficient of productive bushiness – 4,80 and 3.25 was noted when sowing the barley on August 20
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Description
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the conditions of the foothill horticultural zone of the Krasnodar region and the crown shape on the agrobiological characteristics of the growth and fruiting of apple trees of the Idared and Renet Simirenko varieties. The objects of the study are Idared and Rennet Simirenko, trees of winter apple varieties, grafted on MM 106 rootstock. Trees were planted according to the 5 × 3 m scheme; crown width 2.0 ... 2.5 m. Orientation of rows from east to west. The garden is located on the northern slope with a slope of 3 degrees. The scheme of experience: option 1 - sparse-tiered crown (control); option 2 - flattened crown. In the experiment there were 2 options, in each option 10 typical trees were taken. Repetition: tree - plot. The location of the experiment is the Abinsky district of the Krasnodar region. Agricultural records of growth and fruiting of apple trees were carried out according to generally accepted methods, statistical processing of research results was performed by the method of variance analysis described by B. Dospekhov. The results of our studies showed that when flattening crowns, the variety Idared increases the average weight of apples by 22.9%, the yield of fruits of the highest and first grade by 43.6%, the intensity of integumentary coloring of fruits in the peripheral zones increases by 1.44, and in the center crowns 2.7 times, compared with sparse-tier crowns. In the variety Renet Simirenko, the fruit weight increases by 8.9%, the yield of the highest and first grade fruits by 14.6%, the number of fruits with color by 18.7%. Thus, in apple orchards with a 7 x 4 m planting pattern (on MM106 stock) under the conditions of the foothill horticultural zone of the Krasnodar region, flattened tree crowns should be formed for the Aydared variety (aged 14-15 years), which significantly improves the quality of the products
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06.02.00 Veterinary and Husbandry
DescriptionA number of authors (Milaeva I. V., Zaitsev S. Yu., Dovzhenko N. A., Tsarkov D. V., Tsarkova M. S., 2015) have proposed a regression model and a method for indirect measurement of fat and protein content in cow's milk by its dynamic surface tension, which has a number of advantages over the traditional approach. The model reflects the objectively existing relations between the content of fat and protein in cow's milk and parameters of centigrams of dynamic surface tension at the interface of the milk/air. These relationships are revealed by the authors of the method wit mathematical processing of 112 empirical samples. For this purpose, they have applied regression and correlation analysis (in MS Excel). Since the content of fat and proteins in milk largely determines its quality, this problem refers to the problems of qualimetry. However, this problem of qualimetry also refers to typical problems of pattern recognition (multi-parameter typing and system identification), and therefore it is possible that the quality of its solution can be improved by the use of artificial intelligence methods, in particular cognitive and information technologies. Moreover, these relationships are quite complex. The use of intelligent technologies also creates additional opportunities for the study of the simulated subject area by studying its model. All this is of great scientific and practical interest for both researchers and practitioners. To solve all these problems in the work we have applied Automated System-Cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tool which is an intelligent system called "Eidos". A numerical example based on real data has been considered in detail as well
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RICE QUANTITATIVE TRAITS CONTROLLING YIELD AND THEIR INHERITANCE
DescriptionRice is a crop with high yields guaranteed by nature itself. In recent years, huge changes have occurred in the domestic rice cultivation, but despite this, there are still a lot of unsolved relevant problems. One of such problems is the development of high yielding varieties. The success of breeding largely depends on the availability of genetically diverse starting material with a wide response to changing environmental conditions, its knowledge and proper selection; as well as the identification of new sources of valuable traits and properties, among ecologically remote agro-types that enrich the genetic potential of domestic varieties. Development of a high-yielding variety is greatly influenced by economically important traits: plant height, total and productive tillering, the number of spikelets and grains in the panicle, grain size, weight of 1000 grains, etc. In modern biological science of heredity, there is still the question of the inheritance of quantitative traits. The study of inheritance of quantitative traits constituting the main elements of the yield structure is one of the most important tasks, the solution of which is necessary to speed up the breeding process. Inheritance of any trait is often determined by researchers by the magnitude of the dominance coefficient
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Description
The creation of high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding is relevant in order to successfully import substitution. The purpose of these studies was to isolate and study the hybrid forms of the technical direction for the creation of promising high-quality grape varieties of domestic breeding, tolerant to phylloxera and with high quality wine-making products. The objects of research were the breeding forms of grapes of the technical direction, growing in on the hybrid section AZOSViW - a branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The studies were performed using modern and generally accepted programs and techniques. The selection of elite forms according to a complex of attributes based on many years of field and laboratory research is one of the main stages of the selection process. As a result of studying the potential of hybrid forms of grapes, the selection of AZOSViW of the technical direction highlighted the hybrid forms of grapes to the elite: III -59-21, III - 62-9, with good quality of final products and tolerance to phylloxera. The article presents a brief description of selected elite forms of grapes. The selected hybrid forms belong to the early-medium term of ripening, accumulate a high concentration of sugars and have an average cluster weight greater than that of the control variety called Krasnostop Anapa
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Description
This article is devoted to the definition of criteria for the functioning of agrocenoses. It is determined that the functioning of agrocenoses largely depends on the resource potential: used ecological zones, applied technologies, technological operations and regulations. The basis of effective reproduction and sustainability of agrocenoses is the optimal balance of resources used. The work purpose is the substantiation of optimal parameters of resource intensity of the technological processes in horticulture and the determination of the limits of sustainability of agrocenoses under anthropogenic influences. The integrated assessment of resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing for optimization of its parameters of resource intensity is given. The optimum of reproduction possibilities and limits of stability of agroecosystem components in comparability with the level of technogenic load is achieved by means of regulation of permissible anthropogenic loads in separate elements of agroecosystem and resource balance of elements and processes. The limits of sustainability of fruit agrocenosis under anthropogenic influences are substantiated as well. Regression dependences on technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used are established: capital (depreciation), turnover (material consumption and coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage). The complex coefficient of efficiency of the economic mechanism of resource saving is defined. The article substantiates optimal parameters of resource-intensive production and technological processes in industrial horticulture. We have also calculated the normative value of the total index of resource intensity of technological processes
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OPTIMIZATION OF WHEAT GRAIN PROCESS GERMINATION CONDITIONS
DescriptionThe article discusses the need to control the technological parameters of wheat germination. A method of intensification of this process is proposed by pretreatment of grain with ultrasonic effect using the ULTA-0.63 / 22-OL apparatus UZTA-0.63 / 22-OL, Biysk. We have evaluated various modes of ultrasonic processing of the grain and their effect on the germination energy and the total number of nested and sprouted grains. We have also conducted optimization of grain processing conditions during germination. Based on the technological capabilities of the device and the optimal modes of ultrasonic exposure, the following exposure parameters were determined: 340 W and 5 minutes of exposure (soft wheat grain) and 397 W and 6 minutes of exposure (grain of durum wheat). The authors note that the intensification of this process significantly depends on varieties and qualities of wheat grain, since the process is complex and depends on many parameters. The use of ultrasonic treatment allows intensifying the soaking process and reducing the duration of this technological operation up to 6 hours for both samples of grain of soft and durum wheat. At the same time, for the necessary moistening of the grain, a ratio of water and grain for 1: 1 is sufficient, since there were no significant differences in the intensity of grain moistening
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Description
For the effective development of modern industrial gardening, it is necessary to maximize the use of the biological potential of cultivated varieties of fruit crops. In order to identify the most valuable for use in breeding and production of varieties and elite forms of apple regional and foreign selection studied the features of growth and fruiting of apple genotypes. The objects of study are 14 varieties and 2 elite forms of apple. In the work, programs and methods of selection and sorting studies that are generally accepted and developed with the participation of employees of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW were used. According to the results of many years of research, low-growing apple varieties that are promising for breeding and production have been identified: the Golden Crown, Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chif, Sunrise, Novella, Talisman, and the elite form 12/2-20-35. Low-growing varieties with a convenient vertical crown are distinguished: Carmen, Favorite Dutovoy, Red Chief. Selected varieties of regional breeding: immune to scab Carmen and highly resistant to scab Favorite Dutovoy, possessing a complex of significant features: fruitful, low growth, with a vertical form of crown as the most valuable for use in breeding and production
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ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF BAKING WHEAT BREAD WITH ADDITION OF FLOUR OF SORGHUM GRAIN
DescriptionThe article presents organoleptic and physicochemical characteristic of baking wheat bread with 25% addition of flour of sorghum, and also wheat flour