№ 152(8), October, 2019
Public date: 31.10.2019
Archive of journal: Articles count 23, 77 kb
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EFFICIENCY OF HERBICIDES APPLICATION ON WINTER WHEAT CROPS
DescriptionTo increase productivity and quality, as well as to reduce the cost of production of winter wheat in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region is of great importance to find the most effective methods of agricultural culture, in particular, the protection of crops from weeds. The work determines most effective herbicides for pre-germination use against annual dicotyledonous, including resistant to 2,4-D and MCPA, and some perennial root-spray weeds in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region. The efficiency of different terms of application of the herbicide called Ballerina on winter wheat crops in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region was studied. The greatest biological effectiveness of herbicides is provided by spraying winter wheat crops in the tillering phase with Ballerina herbicide with the norm of 0.3 l/ ha. We have discovered low biological effectiveness of Gerbitox herbicide against Matricaria inodora (L.), Fumaria officinalis (L.), Artemisia vulgaris (L.) and Cirsium arvense (L.). Best experience quality indicators of winter wheat grain were observed in the variant with the lowest contamination of crops when spraying in the phase of tillering a Ballerina herbicide 0.3 l/ha. The content of trash was 7.1%, nature 790 g/l, gluten content of 26.4 %, group 2 quality, and the commodity class – 3. Good quality indicators were also observed in the variant with Ballerina herbicide treatment of 0.5 l/ha in the tube exit phase. The highest level of profitability was obtained when spraying winter wheat crops in the tillering phase with Ballerina herbicide 0.3 l / ha-116%, and the lowest on the control was without treatment with herbicides - 74%
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Description
An integral assessment of the resource intensity of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing is given. The limits of the stability of fruit agrocenoses under technogenic impacts are substantiated. Regressive dependencies were established for technological processes in the context of certain types of resources used: capital (depreciation), working capital (consumption of materials and the coefficient of consolidation) and labor (wage intensity). The optimal parameters of resource-intensiveness of production and technological processes in industrial fruit growing are substantiated
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Description
This article reviews the results of studies on the impact of the nutrition background and the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulator on the yield and quality of early ripe potato variety Marabell in southern Kyrgyzstan. Early potato yields were largely dependent on the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant. The highest yield was identified with the integrated use of a growth stimulator provided the planned yield, and averaged 29.97 t/ha. Also, in the experiments conducted, the yield of early potatoes was largely dependent on the climatic conditions of the year under study. The structure of the crop of early potatoes has been analyzed. In case of complex application of growth stimulator, also in case of treatment of seed tubers with growth stimulant, thickness of early potato plants is increased and on average in three years there was an increase by 0.32 and 0.52 thousand bushes per 1 ha. The structure and marketability of the early potato harvest were analyzed in detail, depending on the background of nutrition and the method of application of the Bereke GN growth stimulator
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Description
The growth-regulating activity of naphthalenesulfonylamide and pyrazolopyridines derivatives was studied under laboratory and field tests on tomato plants. We have found substances with high growth-regulating effect. The vegetative mass of plants, the number of ovaries in the hand, the size of the fruit, the yield and the sugar content of the fruits increased under the influence of the growth regulators
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Description
The article considers the introduction of organoleptic analysis of seeds into the line of first seed growing as a new method of increasing the consumer qualities of confectionary sunflower varieties. The carried-out researches allow making conclusions that it is necessary to use the nurseries of seed assessment not only for preservation and improvement of economically valuable signs of confectionary varieties but as well as for perfection of consumer qualities of manufactured raw materials in the process of selection-seed growing work with confectionary sunflower. The offered technology of organoleptic analysis was approbated in the department of science in Ltd Company SSE “Genofond” and is successfully used in the selection-seed growing program
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF PREPARATION OF SOIL BY TERRACING THE SLOPES
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionSlope land (ravines, gullies, mountain areas) for many countries of the world are important areas of economic activity, and for some they are the only living space. In the mountainous areas there are cereals and feed, fruit, citrus, nut, berry and essential oil crops, grapes, tea and many others. On slope lands, soil preparation by terracing is widely used. The article considers modern technologies and machines for the construction of terraces in order to create protective and fruit plantations on them and to involve new areas in agricultural turnover. There are two main ways to create terraces: hinged and rifled. Most often, when terracing on tractor-passable slopes, various plows and graders (floor terraces) are used, and on tractor-passable slopes there are universal bulldozers and terrasers (rifled terraces). The shuttle plow PCHS-4-35 and revolving plows are especially convenient for the device of floor terraces, with the help of which it is possible to significantly increase labor productivity by reducing the time for idle runs. For rifled terraces, we use a large complex of machines, the most productive of which are: terraser-Ripper TR-2A; terraced equipment TK-4; terraser T-4M, etc. The use of the proposed complex of machines in the construction of raised and rifled terraces will help to increase productivity and involve new lands in agricultural turnover, which will ultimately increase food security of the Russian Federation
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05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe small-scale intra-economic plants producing loose compound feed are outdated and require reconstruction by method of the modern process lines of compound feed granulation or extrusion adding. But such reconstruction requires a production stop. It is unacceptable for agricultural enterprises. The method of small-scale intra-economic formula-feed plant reconstruction is offered. The method consists in integration into composition of the plant of a modular process line for loose compound feed extrusion or granulation without stopping of production. The building for a new process line is created from the constructive modules representing metal frames with overall dimensions of a standard cargo container in which the equipment, ready to application, is installed. The combined multilevel building of a process line for granulation or extrusion is placed near the main factory building of the existing intra-economic enterprise. Buildings additional and the main production lines form two multilevel production factory building. The example of small-scale formula-feed plant reconstruction by method of integration a modular process line for granulation is explained. The line consists of modules for operational storage and dispensing of loose compound feed, conditioning and granulation, cooling, separation of granules. The traditional formula-feed plant of the fixed structure turns into the transformed system because the configuration of the new modular line can be easily changed. The offered method of reconstruction is perspective for application on small-scale intra-economic formula-feed plants as allows to reorganize without stopping operating production preparation of compound feed according to the modern requirements, having increased its quality and period of storage. Period of construction of the plant decreases from several months to several weeks thanks to creation of the building of the new line from ready constructive modules
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PNEUMATIC SLIT SPRAYER PARAMETERS STUDY
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionAs a result of scientific analysis of the effective plant protection by spraying them with protective-stimulating liquids, the most progressive pneumohydraulic processing method was chosen, enabling the use of a wide mode range. The proposed pneumatic sprayer design can be used to equip sprayers, pollinators and combined units to perform basic operations with the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Using liquid crushing through exposure to working fluid flowing from the feeding tubes of sprayers (jets) with a high-speed air jet, it was possible to carry out the spraying process in a low-volume and ultra-small-volume way in a highly dispersive airborne jets. To study the air-borne jet parameters, providing the working fluid spraying quality as a polydisperse system, we have used a probabilistic-statistical analysis method. It studies variation range of signs according to the classes. Theoretically, the air-borne jet forming process by a pneumatic slit sprayer was considered. Using the three-factor central composite rotatable uniform plan (CURUP), the influence of three factors (surge tank position in cm, air pressure MPa and the feeding tube inclination angle in degrees) on the sprayer performance and the surface response on the working fluid median-mass diameter was determined. It was found that the response surfaces have a form of a paraboloid, the extremum of which is observed at an air pressure of 0.15 MPa (the center of the plan) and the tube installation angle in the spray housing equal to 60 degrees with the middle surge tank position. The maximum coating density of the treated object was 95 pieces / cm2 at the same position of the surge tank and air pressure in the pneumatic line of 0.3 MPa. It was proved that ultra-low volume spraying can be carried out in wide ranges of initial data while observing spraying quality requirements according to the drop median-mass diameter, the average coating density and their distribution uniformity
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ENGINEERING OF TRANSPORT MACHINES SCREW ENGINES FOR RICE AND FISH FARMING FACILITIES
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionThe article considers manufacturing techniques and assembling screw propellers of transport vehicles for rice and fish farms. The increase in technological capabilities, reliability and carrying capacity of transport vehicles is achieved by making the propeller screw, with the possibility of its rotation. We called such propellers screw propellers, since along their perimeter along the entire length, multiple-curved curved surfaces are formed in the form of helical grooves of various configurations, sizes and shapes. The spatial form of the screw propellers is made with screw surfaces in the form of helical grooves, which ensures that the transport machines for rice and fish farms are conveyed on land, on water, through swampy and difficult terrain at a sufficiently high speed. As a result of the work performed, not only the designs of screw propellers and their classification were proposed, in which there is a general principle that allows the development of still unknown structures of propellers, but also their manufacturing techniques. The design of screw propellers was performed using the KOMPAS-3D software package using descriptive geometry and engineering graphics
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THEORETICAL PROVING THE PARAMETERS OF A UNIT FOR SEEDLING FEEDING TO TRANSPLANTING DEVICE
05.20.00 Processes and machines of agroengineering systems
DescriptionTransplanting seedling into the field is an extremely important period for all seedling crops, as the plant passes through basic vegetation stages. After carried analysis of seedling transplantation machines utilization it became obvious that they all have low technical and exploitation parameters. The purpose of the research was elaboration of theoretical bases for calculating parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device, which implementation will lead to increase efficiency of transplanting. The article presents the results of theoretical researches for proving parameters of a unit for seedling feeding to transplanting device. A system of equations for acting at seedling forces during its transportation from collecting drum to feeding drum is arranged. We have also calculated nomograms for defining drum rotating frequency depending on seedling friction coefficient on surfaces of collecting and feeding drums. Parameters of pneumatic feeding drum were technologically proved. Its principle is equality of capacities of feeding unit and transplanting device. We have elaborated a nomogram for defining feeding drum rotating frequency depending on plant spacing and velocity of transplanting machine