№ 155(1), January, 2020
Public date: 31.01.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 16, 52 kb
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MAINTENANCE AND USE OF BREEDING COWS OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY
DescriptionConsidering the fact that in Russia the development of dairy cattle breeding is based on increasing milk production in terms of providing this product, the further increase in milk yield and quality of cow's milk remains important. Some farms in Russia, including the Krasnodar region, have reached high milk production rates in whole herds of up to 12-13 thousand kg of milk per cow. Today it is important to “propagate” such farms. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to study their livestock breeders experience, approaches to the selection of cattle (calves, heifers, cows), to form herds of animals that can get high milk yield under the conditions created for them. The farm in which we conducted our scientific research is distinguished by the fact that much attention is paid to maintaining a high level of breeding and breeding, as well as to creating optimal factors for keeping, feeding and caring for animals. Agroholding Step includes 5 farms in divisions: one in the Kuban Step, two in public company of shareholders “Rodina” and two in shareholder company “Novoplastunovskaya” Three farms are located in the village of Chelbasskaya, where the cowsheds were reconstructed and equipped with new equipment. In the village of Novoplastunovskaya, new buildings were built in the territory of the old farm, and the 4th farm was built in 2018 in the new territory. All farms contain highly productive breeding cows of the Holstein breed. The Russian information programs “Selex-Dairy Cattle” and Israeli program “AfiFarm” were introduced. We have studied zoohygienic conditions in various buildings of dairy farms in the spring, where animals are constantly kept. The results obtained indicate that the cows are kept in comfortable conditions, allowing them to eat a balanced diet in accordance with their needs and to avoid many stresses what is important for the secretion of milk. Indicators of genetic potential for milk production of cows and the effectiveness of its manifestation are also determined
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ALGOLOGICAL MONITORING OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES OF MAIZE CROPS PRODUCTION
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies species composition and abundance of soil algae under hybrid Krasnodar 292 AMB cultivated with various technologies. 7 species of cyanobacteria and 11 soil algae were revealed. It was revealed that the highest total amount of algae was observed in variants of environmentally acceptable and intensive technology, which is associated with the positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the consequent application of organic matter on soil algal flora. However, in these variants a decrease was observed both in the number of species and in the abundance of green and yellow-green algae. The species Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi was absent or found in insignificant amounts. The species composition was less diverse, which can be attributed to the negative effect of the herbicide used in these technologies. The method of tillage had practically no effect on green, yellow-green and diatoms. An increase in the intensity of soil cultivation had a significant negative effect on both the species composition and the number of cyanobacteria
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APPLE ROSETTE DISEASE IN NORTH CAUCASUS PLANTATIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of a study of the apple tree rosette disease found in a collection garden and having a viral nature. The rosetting has typical signs of manifestation. Sick plants develop narrow small chlorotic leaves. Rosettes of leaves on the upper cervical and lateral shoots are formed as a result of the convergence of internodes. The spread of the rosetting in the planting reaches 10-11 %. The prevalence of viral disease varies among the 44 varieties of apple trees of different ecological and geographical origin. So, the lesion of rosetting was noted on single trees in the varieties of Gala Redi Red, Fujiko, Red Free, etc., and it was a complete defeat in the variety of Piros. A different degree of the manifestation of the disease on the trees was established: from partial manifestation on individual shoots, to aggressive damage to the entire crown of the tree. On young trees bearing fruiting (3-4 years from planting), the rosetting reduces the yield of apple trees by 36 %, ¼ part of the fruits on the trees are small in size compared to the fruits of healthy trees. The infectious nature of the rosetting is confirmed by the transfer of the disease on the most affected Piros variety using summer budding
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TO THE QUESTION OF MODELING THE PROCESS OF INTERACTION OF THE ELASTIC WHEEL WITH THE SOIL BASE
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionOne of the most important problems facing agricultural production is to increase traction and energy properties and to decrease the deforming effect of wheel propellers of power tractors on the soil. The solution to this problem requires the widespread introduction of computer-aided design systems, which make it possible to predict the towing, fuel, economic, and agro-technological properties of the tractor unit at the design stage. Traction and energy indicators of wheeled agricultural tractors, the level of impact of wheel propellers on the soil are largely determined by the quality of pneumatic tires. The search for the optimal parameters of pneumatic tires, the compliance of tire characteristics with the parameters and operating conditions of the tractor unit, require solving two main problems. Firstly, the development of analytical dependencies describing the process of interaction of elastic wheels with the soil base, depending on the rolling mode of the wheel. Secondly, bringing to the engineering level the methods of calculation and analysis of the wheel propellers and soil system. The work discusses the issues of physical and mathematical modeling of a pneumatic wheel and soil system. It is noted that among the existing approaches to describing the process of interaction of an elastic wheel with soil, it is most preferable to use rheological models that take into account the simultaneous deformation and subsequent restoration of the soil and tire. However, when it comes to the existing models, the formation of the area of the contact patch is associated with a common normal deflection, which is not confirmed by numerous experimental studies. In the present work, the concept of agrotechnological deflection of a pneumatic tire is introduced. The developed model makes it possible to calculate the rut dept, the tangential and radial deformations of the tire, the longitudinal and normal deformations of the base, and the contact pressure under a known normal load on the wheel, wheel rolling radius and speed. We have also presented analytical and experimental dependences of the contact pressure and the rut depth on the size of the agrotechnical deflection
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RESULTS OF RESEARCHES OF THE POSSIBILITY OF VIBRATION GRAIN SEPARATION FROM THE EAR
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEnhancing the operative parts of a threshing mechanism which are realizing direct mechanical impact on an ear and being in it grains it is impossible to achieve the considerable lowering and to completely exclude traumatizing grain. New methods of noncontact grain separation from an ear in case of the threshing need to be developed. These methods exclude direct mechanical impact of operative parts on grains. A perspective method of noncontact grain separation from an ear is the imposition to a culm with an ear of oscillating motion, perpendicular its axes. It is a resonance in different parts of an ear can cause. As a result of the pilot and theoretical studies it is set that when impart low frequency oscillations in the range 18…100 Hz corresponding to natural frequencies of its oscillations to a culm with an ear, it is possible to achieve corrupting of the ear or its separation from the culm as a result of a resonance. But grain separation, at the same time, does not come from an ear as the range of natural resonance frequencies of grain oscillations does not match the range of natural frequencies of a culm with an ear and has higher values. The analysis of results of theoretical researches shows that for noncontact grain separation from an ear without its traumatizing is the imposition to it high-frequency oscillations in the range 100 … 14000 Hz matching its natural frequencies of oscillations, which is proved to be perspective. The occurring resonance causes origin of own movements of grain that leads to its separation from the ear
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe studies were conducted on the biological economic efficiency of biological preparations against pests in the conditions of the training and experimental farm of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Stavropol State Agrarian University in winter wheat crops of the Yuka variety. The effect of triple use of biosecticides Bioslip BV (viable spores of Beauveria bassiana OPB-09 strain) and Bioslip BT (viable spores and thermostable crystalline endotoxin of B. thuringiensis strains) was studied. A tank mixture of Alt-Alf chemical insecticides, CE (alpha-cypermethrin 100 ml / l) and Actara, VDG (thiamethoxam 250 g / kg) was used as a reference. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BV most effectively suppresses cereal aphids: the average biological effectiveness was 78.3%, in relation to harmful turtle and wheat thrips, the effectiveness of the drug was 60.3-68.7%. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BT is effective against the red-breasted drunkard; the average biological effectiveness was 84.2%, in relation to other species - 27.2-44.2%. The efficiency of using a tank mixture of bioinsecticides with half consumption rates was in the range of 23.3-40.7%. The harmfulness of phytophages in winter wheat crops is high, the control yield is lower by 0.556 t / ha compared with chemical treatment. The smallest difference with economic etholone in the variant with three times use of Bioslip BV is 0.09 t / ha