Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTALLATION TO CLEAN PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES AT STATEMENT OF FOR STORAGE
DescriptionAt the present time there is a problem in storage of agriculture machine-tractor park, because when operating of agricultural machinery parts thereof are covered by contamination. The most heavily becomes dirty machinery working in the toughest conditions. Pollution promotes decrease the operational reliability, accelerating of corrosion and aging, reduce the quality of maintenance service and performance technique. One of the number of important factors when setting technique for storage is the clearing of by of various types pollution, because the during storage of cleaned surfaces, components and parts are subjected still greater destruction and corrosion. Removal of various kinds of pollution is an important technological process which has a significant impact on the preservation of appliances, performance of work, the quality of the repair and maintenance of cars, culture, production and human health. The article contains a classification of contamination depending on the difficulty of their removal and density, basic information on techniques and devices for purification of units and parts of agricultural machines, as well as on substances used for this. We have reviewed bombardment of surfaces with contaminated carbon dioxide ice particles that leads to its full destruction. We have improved technology and created a universal device and the experimental plant for cleaning parts and assemblies prior to storage, which are not only inferior, but also in the majority superior to technical and economic performance of existing analogues
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THE DEVICE FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN PROTECTED FORM IN OUTDOOR AREAS
DescriptionThe carried out analysis studies the influence of various factors on the preservation of agricultural products and shows that it is largely determined by design features of machinery and technological methods of use. The efficiency of agricultural and mobile trailer machines has been forming by service and storage. Low quality of work associated with the storage of agricultural machines is conditioned by the fact that the lack of financial capacity of rural producers on acquisitions of modern equipment and materials for carrying out the preparation of for long storage, and also the construction of modern agricultural machinery storage sites. If a car can be fully or partially protected from the solar radiation, rain and snow, simply by removing it in the room, under a canopy or covered with a protective cover, by the formation of condensation on the surface of the machine units and parts these ways to protect do not work. Enhancing of preservation of agricultural machinery is possible when protecting the vehicles from atmospheric precipitation in the form of snow and rain, influence of solar radiation, and also due to the change heat exchange processes of the machine with the environment that prevents the formation of moisture condensate on its surface, ie. we have to create conditions when cooling rate at which the surface of the machine would be equal to or less the rate of cooling air. This is possible through the use of a special design, which would prevent the intense heat radiation of the machine into the environment, ie, would reflect heat rays using its surface and return them to its surface and thus fulfill the role of the heat shield
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NEW TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR A SEPARATION OF THE ORGANS OF POTATO MACHINERY
DescriptionOne of the promising directions of development of agriculture of the Russian Federation is to increase the production, improve the quality and decrease the cost of potato cultivation. Annual cleaning is one of the most intense and costly in transport and technological processes. Potatoes - blending high culture and very picky about cleaning. The highest yields and income from potato production get where embedded technology to optimize energy and labor costs. The main (though not only) the special technical means used during machine harvesting potatoes, are potato harvesters. The main problem when cleaning is a problem of balancing conflicting requirements to the process and possibilities of agricultural machinery. Including increasing the purity of the tubers in the container with one hand, minimization of losses and damages of tubers on the other hand, when the performance of equipment. In this article we propose a circuit-design solution separating the working body of the potato harvester that allow for cleaning to significantly reduce the amount of traumatized potatoes in the process of separating soil and vegetable impurities, creating the preconditions for the elimination of damage to the tubers on the hard side of the working bodies of harvesting machines. Informed choice and timely use of plug-in modules (separating working bodies) in modern potato harvesting machines at work in specific climatic conditions allows them to fully match the list of regulated agronomic requirements. Thus, the creation of new science-based technical solutions for a separation of the organs of potato harvesters is an actual scientific-technical task, which makes a significant contribution to the development of the country
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RECYCLING OF TIRES AND THEIR ELEMENTS
DescriptionIn the world, recycling processes have recently become more common in order to save material and energy resources. Currently, in connection with the level of motorization, there grew a problem of recycling waste tires and their elements which is of great importance for many regions of the country. Decommissioning worn tires is a source of environmental pollution, bearing the prolonged character; they are not a subject to biological destruction and require constant increase of storage facilities. There is a continuous accumulation of used tires and we can recycle only about 20% of their amount. Worn tires represent very large-capacity products of polymer-containing waste, virtually resistant to natural degradation. Therefore, the problem of processing and secondary use, emerged from the operation of tires is of great economic and environmental significance. However, the worn tires are a source of valuable secondary raw materials: rubber, soot (essentially pure carbon), metal and synthetic cord. 90% of all waste of rubber are tires and represent a vast reserve of raw materials. In the emerging in the industry nonrenew- material resources the efficient use of secondary raw materials is of great importance. There are improved technologies for processing rubber goods, and the equipment used for it
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ASSESSMENT OF COST EFFICIENCY OF USE OF DEVICES OF ULTRASONIC HANDLING OF FUEL
DescriptionOne of important features of development of modern society is special attention world the public to problems of rationality and efficiency of use of the existing energy resources, universal implementation of technologies of energy saving and search of renewable energy resources. Gradual depletion of world reserves of oil, increase in prices for traditional motor fuels, adverse ecological situation and other factors prove the relevance of more urgent use of the available resources and works promoting development of this direction. Deterioration in a global ecological environment requires adoption of more strict requirements imposed to the fuel used in an agro-industrial complex. According to the principle of cost accounting, each entity can rely only upon itself and consume only the resources it has. It is known that fuel costs constitute a considerable part in an expense structure of agricultural enterprises. In this case, the reduction in fuel consumption can be achieved through improved processes of fuel mixing and fuel processing (fuel dearomatization, ultrasonic treatment, magnetic, electrostatic and electromagnetic processing). Bench tests of a diesel engine equipped with an experimental device for ultrasonic treatment, showed good results, confirming the relevance of the use of such devices. Devices for processing are compact enough and consume little energy, while having a sufficiently high coefficient of performance. Having small size and relative simplicity of design that does not cause complex technical issues in production, these devices can be used on virtually any type of equipment that is used for the solution of agricultural problems. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the economy of the diesel fuel when ultrasonic treatment on the example of the motor transportation enterprise
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Description
The role of transport in agricultural production is significant. It is the connecting link in the technological chain of the agro-industrial complex (of the APC). On-farm transport in the APC together with cars and tractor transport are widely used. The rationality of the use of wheeled tractors for farm transport substantiates the possibility of their movement on asphalt and on dirt roads. The specific gravity of the tractor transport in the domestic agriculture is 22-27% of the total volume of transport and 50-60% of the volume of farm traffic. A high level of use of tractor transport has been observed in the countries of Western Europe and the USA. In the farms of leading countries of Western Europe (Germany, Italy, France, etc.) about 70- 90% on-farm transport of agricultural goods is done by tractor transport. Tractor transport in a live environment is running on roads with varying terrain, a wavy profile cover, on soils with different hardness and humidity. When driving vehicles at high speeds, the trailer is wobbling from side to side, constantly accompanying tractor transport during its operation. As a result, it is bad for propulsion, transmission, and it deteriorates the dynamic performance properties of equipment, working conditions of the operator. To reduce the amplitude of oscillations of the trailer, the operator is forced to work strenuously with the steering wheel or to slow down the speed, which in turn affects operator fatigue, as well as the performance and maneuverability of the vehicle. Thus, advanced technologies in electronics, sensor technology and software will determine the nature of agro-technical innovations and will lead to increased automation of business processes in crop production with the aim to organize the work more effectively, efficiently, accurately, environmentally friendly and economically feasible. When working with intelligent technologies, understanding the development of high-tech, precision engineering requires a revision to the personnel policy and education in agriculture, which should be based on the relevant organization of farms and their proper new type engineering solutions
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THEORETICAL STUDIES OF A MILKING DEVICE WITH AN OVERHEAD MILK REMOVAL FROM THE COLLECTOR
DescriptionThe aim of the research was the theoretical justification of the main design-technological parameters of the experimental milking apparatus with an overhead milk removal from the collector. The milking machine comprises teat cups, collector, pulsator, milk hose, and vacuum. The manifold is formed with an upper withdrawal of milk by means of a vertically mounted suction tube. The upper end of which is located in the output region of the milk tube, and the bottom – in the bottom of the milk camera collector. The article presents the results of theoretical studies on the analytical substantiation of structural and technical parameters of the milking machine. It presents graphic dependences characterizing the convergence of results of theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine
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A MODERN APPROACH TO POTATO PRODUCTION
DescriptionPotato has been and remains one of the five world's most important crops. For nearly two hundred years potato in Russia is the "second bread". This is one of the so-called social products. Over the past 20 - 25 years of potato farming in our country, there have been significant changes, both positive and negative. Today, potatoes are grown in different soil and climatic conditions in more than one hundred countries around the world, including the desert oasis and beyond the polar circle. Potato cultivation Center recently has moved to Asia. In our time, the leaders of potato production are China, Russia, India, the US and Ukraine. Over the past few decades the number of produced potatoes has increased by 41% and the area under potato planting only 9.5%. From the above data it is clear that the world potato economy in recent years has got significant changes, indicating that the timeliness and relevance of the material in this article is true
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Description
Condition monitoring is a necessary element of the transport and special machinery in agriculture. The task of the control operations other than the determination of the technical state of the object is to determine the required amount of work, as well as rational amount of collateral the repair of which could be combined with the next maintenance. Based on the results of processing of the information, we may generate requests for service. In the conditions of uncertainty of receipt of requests for servicing of individual machines, estimated volumes and timing, we have am appropriate development of applied technique of justification of the number of diagnostic posts for interactive control of a technical condition of vehicles and special machinery in agriculture. The presented methodology is based on probabilistic methods, and allows the quick optimization of the number of existing posts interactive diagnostics in the enterprise, if necessary, translating the existing posts in "standby" mode, or Vice versa, returning from a reserve in "work" mode. The production and technical base of the enterprise service based on the specific assumptions are considered as a system of mass service (SMO), and the function of such a SMO – as the process of mass service. The process of queuing as applied to interactive diagnosis are "Markov" processes "death and reproduction" with a finite or countable number of States and continuous time. To describe the states of the system we use the system of the Kolmogorov equations for steady state of "Markov" process. On their basis, we have determined average queue length, time of stay orders in the queue, number of busy channels and the bandwidth of the CFR. Using the intensity of the requests and the service time of a single application for specific equipment, the article establishes the efficiency of online diagnosis posts. The result of the proposed applied methodology enables timely decision-making about the need for reconstruction or technical re-equipment of the company
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RESEARCH OF MODERNIZED BD-4M HAULM SHREDDER WITH ARTICULATED KNIVES
DescriptionIn the general complex of mechanized works when growing potatoes, potato harvesting is one of the main operations. The efficiency of potatoes growing at the farm largely depends on harvest quality and crop retrieval. When harvesting potatoes with potato harvesters their productivity largely depends on the state of potato haulm. In a case of evolved and laid haulm the harvesting machines productivity falls sharply due to working organs clogging and in some cases their work is not possible at all. Therefore, to facilitate the work of potato harvesters it is necessary to remove potato haulm before harvesting. But the process of haulm removing is very laborious, including several operations, such as mowing, raking and transportation, each of which is performed by a separate machine. The appearance of domestically made rotary-type machines like KIR-1.5, UBD-3 and BD-4 at the end of 1950-1960 made it possible to mechanize the harvesting process of potato haulm. But it was noticed in the operation that rotor machines have a number of drawbacks caused by imperfections in the rotor design, its kinematic regimes, lack of balance and some others. Therefore, studies aimed at improving the design of rotary-type machines seem to be very important. To achieve this goal some theoretical and experimental studies and lab and field tests of the modernized four-row shredder have been carried out. When studying methods of mathematical analysis and elements of classical mechanics were used. Some modern methods were applied in the lab and field tests. The modernized haulm shredder BD-4 was tested at JSC “Avangard” in Ryazan district