Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Author list of organization
List of articles written by the authors of the organization
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MODERNIZATION OF ZIL-5301 FOR USE IN AGRICULTURE
DescriptionThe role of transport in agricultural production is considerable. It is a connecting link in a single technological chain of agroindustrial complex of the country. The successful production activity of agricultural enterprises depends largely on the proper use of available forces and means. One of such means is machine-tractor fleet relating to technical basis of agricultural production. Its functioning is reflected in the whole cycle of production, from planting and ending with cleaning. Therefore, the use of the machine and tractor must ensure receipt of the highest possible efficiency at the lowest cost, as production cost agricultural production includes in its membership the costs of mechanized and transport works, which should be kept to a minimum. In this regard, transport processes should be carried out the most rational means. Rational application of those or other vehicles is based on ratios of basic load ratings, adaptability to the changing road conditions, terrain, improving functionality, improved adaptation to technical operation in the conditions of agricultural production. When choosing a vehicle, special attention must be paid to the size of the economy, the direction of its activities, the structure of commodity products, and the degree of its centralization. For successful economic activities of the agricultural enterprise it requires a different carrying capacity and terrain vehicles. At present, the majority of the automobile park of agricultural enterprises is cars and trains of general purpose, which have large load capacity and low permeability. In the agricultural enterprises of the Ryazan region today there are about 4.5 thousand commercial vehicles, mostly models of GAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. The issue of reducing the cost of transport operation should be individualized for each sector because of its distinctive features (activity, volume of traffic, the structure of commodity production, the state of farm roads, etc.)
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THE USE OF FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION FOR ANALYTICAL REASONING OF MIXING PROCESS IN THE SCREW MIXER
DescriptionIn the current economic situation, the developing of cattle breeding is taking on special significance. It is well known that the effective way to develop cattle breeding is to increase the total number of efficient livestock. The numerous researches show that the high concentrated fodder premix diet gives the highest effect in increasing animal indicators [1, 2, 3]. Traditionally, the premix is a powder mass, which should be added into the mixture of grain components. Exact following the recipe of prepared fodder allows the maximum usage of forage potential of the concentrate components [4, 5, 6, 7]. In view of the foregoing, food enrichers have special actuality in making high concentrated fodder [8, 9, 10]. The usage of differential Fokker – Planck equation systems allows determining the laws of the mixing process of various granulated products. As a result, it becomes possible to optimize the technological process of the mixerenrichers of concentrated feed so that the resulting mixture of feed would have high quality and technological characteristics. At the same time the duration of sewer-enricher’s work and, as a consequence, the energy intensity of the technological process would accept the minimum possible values [11-16]. The given theoretical approach is based on the consideration of the motion of an individual particle contained in a loose grain mass (phase). Concerning this, it is necessary to accept a number of assumptions about making effort to the feed particles, and the velocity vectors of its initial motion should be taken into account. Taking into account the complexity of the mathematically derived differential equation, its literal analytical solution seems very difficult. Therefore, the first step of the solution is aimed at the obtaining the non-stationary diffusion equation of Fokker - Planck and the boundary conditions for isolating the only one solution. The second step of the solution is implemented by the tabulation at the grid-based points, that is, considering the differential equation not at a random point of the area, but only at the grid nodes. Moreover, it is necessary to apply the approximation of the derivatives at each node. The solution of the equation system allows determining the module of the minimum, average, and maximum values of the phase particle motion in different parts of the mixing chamber, respectively. In connection with this, the aim of the study is to substantiate the processes of motion of various types of granulated products
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THE WORKING PROCESS RESEARCH OF VACUUM INFRA-RED DRYING PLANT FOR BEE-BREAD
DescriptionIn the present article, a technique for studying the influence of the parameters of a drying plant on the optimization criteria is described. The design of a laboratory plant for drying bee-bread is presented. An adequate empirical dependence of the effect of the parameters of the process under study on the residual moisture of bee-bread is established. An optimal combination of factors has been revealed, which makes it possible to minimize the residual moisture of bee-bread
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Description
The article examines the issues of increasing the efficiency of the system of technical operation of mobile agricultural machinery by means of monitoring the state of units and aggregates of the latter through diagnostics. The problems of complex diagnostics of diesel fuel equipment are investigated. The urgency of diagnosing a fuel injection pump without dismantling from the engine is shown from technical, economic and environmental points of view. The effect of operational malfunctions of some devices of fuel equipment on parameters of its operation as a whole is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of diagnostic devices application, their grouping is suggested. The parameters to be studied in connection with peculiarities to decide whether it is possible to estimate the technical state of the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine are indicated. Based on peculiarities of the fuel injection pump technical state estimation, a research program is developed and the results of the research are presented. Specific features of testing the fuel injection pump are indicated. Analysis of the results of the research shows that a smaller error in the change of the cyclic fuel feed rates supplied by the fuel injection sections takes place at the engine speed corresponding to the indicated power. The conclusion is made that the presented research results can be used as a basis for developing a technique (technology) for diagnosing the fuel injection pump without dismantling from the internal combustion engine
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Description
The transportation process plays an important role in the delivery of agricultural products to the consumer. On how well the fruits are preserved, their grade will depend, and, consequently, the price of them. It is known, that the annual damage from losses of agricultural products in the agro-industrial complex amounts to 8 billion rubles, according to various estimates. A large number of different factors affect the safety of fruits during transportation: temperature, humidity, smoothness of the vehicle, type of container, etc. The more factors will have a negative impact on fruit and vegetable products, the more losses will ultimately be. The appearance of dents and abrasions on the fruits gives rise to the formation of foci of rot, leading to damage to the transported products, and, as a consequence, reducing the grade. In order to reduce the losses of fruit and vegetable products in the process of transportation, the USSR and the Russian Federation have been and are working on the creation of containers and ways of transporting pomegranates. All of them, according to the authors, are able to reduce the dynamic loads that arise during the transportation process and have a negative impact on the transported products. However, due to various circumstances in commercial gardening all these developments have not been extended
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MODERN TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT FOR WORK IN GARDENS
DescriptionGardening is one of the high-value and highly profitable branches of agriculture. However, the level of fruit production in Russia still lags far behind the needs of the population: 20-25 kg of fruits and berries per year are grown per capita, which is a quarter of the minimum consumption rate. Currently, domestic gardening has a low efficiency due to non-compliance with the criteria of world production of fruits. The production of gardens is not competitive enough and does not meet the requirements of the highest quality categories of domestic standards. To increase fruit production, it is necessary to increase the level of intensification of fruit growing using the most valuable varieties and progressive technologies of cultivation. In this article, we consider devices for soil content in orchards, as well as for pruning trees - the main agrotechnical techniques in the technology of growing pomegranate crops that promote the production of stable, optimal harvests of fruit crops. The universal device of fruits is also covered, which makes it possible to reduce labor costs during the laying, care and harvesting of the fruit garden. The wide development of intensive technologies for growing fruits adapted to specific climatic conditions and ensuring a high level of competitiveness and profitability of production is one of the necessary conditions for the further development of gardening in Russia
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JUSTIFICATION OF THE RIGIDITY OF COMPOSITE BARS OF A POTATO HARVESTER ELEVATOR
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionHigh-strength steels are used to increase the reliability of potato harvesters. With the advent of new materials and new technologies in agricultural engineering, it is possible to significantly reduce the mass of working bodies, to reduce energy costs. The elastic system of the composite elevator bar, unbalanced by the impact of the component of the potato heap, is in oscillatory motion. An increase in the height of the fall, and hence the speed of collision with the bar of the component of the potato heap, determines the amount of deflection of the composite bar. During vibrations, in addition to static deformations, dynamic ones are added, depending on the magnitude of the impact force. It was established that a bar made of composite material should have the following parameters: elastic modulus E = 55000 MPa; the diameter of the composite bar d = 0,012 m
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THE STUDY OF PLANT PARTS EXTRACTING BY THE WORKING BODIES OF THE KKS-1M POTATO HARVESTER
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionPotatoes are cultivated in all parts of the world. In 2019, the Russian Federation ranked third in potato production. Ryazan region has favorable climatic conditions for potato growing. The growth in potato production is constrained by the insufficient provision of small and medium-sized farms with harvesting equipment and storage facilities. For working in small areas and in difficult conditions, simple machines are in demand: potato diggers and single-row potato harvesters. “Gala” variety potatoes are grown using intensive technology in the experimental field of the agrotechnological station of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University. In September 2019, there was a study of the effect of plant parts on the performance indicators of the technological process with a single-row KKS-1M potato harvester with a combined plant-top-removing device. The device consists of top-directing fingers, a top-removing roller and a counter-current finger-type separator. The studies are based on standard and private test methods. The harvester was tested on dark gray forest soils of heavy loamy composition, with a moisture content of 19-21%. Plots were prepared for testing: one with uncleaned tops, one with tops previously removed by BD-4 haulm shredder and one with manually removed tops. In the course of research, a change in the direction of potato stems during the movement of the heap along the working bodies of the potato harvester was determined. It was found that the stems change their direction from transverse to longitudinal. It was established that a combined PLANT-TOP-REMOVING device removes from 75.8% to 88.2% of plant impurities entering the harvester. Studies confirmed the efficiency of KKS-1M combine when harvesting potatoes. According to the generalized results, the loss of tubers was 1.5-4.7%, their damage was 1.7-4.39% and the purity of the tubers in the bunker was 70.3-84.7%. Studies confirmed that the harvesting technology significantly affects the performance of a potato harvester. In severe conditions, pre-harvesting row-spacing loosening can be recommended and the haulm shredder is set to a cutting height of at least 150-180 mm
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TO THE QUESTION OF POTATO DAMAGE DURING HARVESTING AND LAYING FOR STORAGE
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers the possibility of using a potato harvester with an unloading device. The principle of operation of an unloading device based on a potato harvester is presented. The unloading device of the root-harvesting machine allows to prevent damage to tubers by damping the speed and lowering the height of the falling heap due to the use of the unloading gutter equipped with a lifting-lowering mechanism made of two differently inclined flat sections, on the inner surface of which, across the gutter, elastically deformable elements are fixed in the form loop absorbers. A group of authors carried out a comparative assessment of the tests of the basic model of the AVR Kolnag potato harvester Spirit 6200 and its improved experimental version with an unloading rating device. The studies were conducted on the fields of the Danko farm of the Lukhovitsky district, Moscow region in 2018 - 2019. Harvesting was carried out alternately from several fields. According to the data obtained, it was found that the level of damage to potato tubers when using the developed experimental version of the unloading device of the potato harvester is 2.1%, which is lower in comparison with the basic model of the harvester. The obtained results of field studies of the experimental unloading device confirmed the results of previous theoretical calculations and laboratory studies, including the high efficiency of the developed device compared to the serial analogue
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND TO THE SUBSTANTIATION OF LOADING A POTATO STORAGE CONTAINER
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionToday, the main goal of the State Program is to ensure food independence of Russia within the framework of the Food Security Doctrine, which includes accelerated import substitution, namely the creation of new technologies in the field of potato storage, which in turn will reduce the supply of agricultural products from abroad. But, despite the existing success, the problem of potato losses during transportation and storage still remains in the Russian Federation, comprising from 30% to 40% of the grown crop, in many cases, by the end of storage, losses reach 60%. This article describes a container for transporting and storing potatoes in storage. The disassembled container is transported to the place of loading of the product, where it is mounted and loaded with potatoes. When loading containers for storing potatoes in order to reduce damage, various types of shock absorbers are used. One of the simplest absorbers is the rubberized fabric belts, which are deflected between the opposite edges of the container. The location of the belts, their width and the distance between them will determine the passage of potato tubers when they are loaded. Successful implementation of the presented design will help reduce mechanical damage to tubers and increase the safety of agricultural products