02.00.00 Chemical sciences
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Description
Correlations between values of the differences of first potentials ionization of atoms and molecules (ΔE) and valency angels α for three coordinated molecules of types ЭХ3 (Э=N, P, As, Sb are carried out; X=F, Cl, Br, I, CH3), and also ЭХ2 (Э=O, S, Se, Te; X = CH3, SiH3, GeH3) are described in this article. It is shown, that the entered value ΔE can serve as additive measure of change of the valency angle α in the basic and raised stances. We have also established that the functional dependences correlate with changes in the of hybridization of orbitals and the R parameters characterizing the interaction of electronic pairs near the central Э atom
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ABOUT POLARIZATIONS EFFECTS IN THE RANKS OF ЭХ3 MOLECULES
DescriptionCorrelations between experimental dipoles moments and values of the difference of first potentials ionization of atoms and molecules (ΔE) for three -coordinated molecules of types ЭХ3 (Э=N, P, As, Sb are carried out; X=F, Cl, Br, I ) are described. Exponential functions of dependence μ= f(ΔE) for rows ЭF3 andЭCl3 are received. Within the valence of shell electron pair repulsion theory it is shown, that the molecular dipole moments can be divided to dipol moments of ions of separate atoms, which, naturally changing, are transferred in the ranks of molecules ЭХ3
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ABOUT COMPARATIVE POLARITY OF As=N AND P=N GROUPS
DescriptionBy the method of the dipole moments the connections of (p-XC6H4)3As=N-C6H4-Y series have been examined. The method of the vector-statistical analysis of the dipole moments helped to define the ranges and directions of the moments of (Сар)3As=N-Cар, (Сар)3As=N и N-Cар series. There has been shown that the substitution of the para-assistants X and Y in aromatic groups doesn't lead to an additional interaction influencing the electronic properties of the (Сар)3As=N-Cар group. The comparative analysis of the (Сар)3Э=N-Cар (Э=P, As) group moments specifies the essencial shift of the electron density to Сар(N) when replacing atom P to As
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Description
The article is devoted to the study of enzymesantioxidants contained in horseradish root. The article provides a detailed analysis of the sources of information, aimed at clarifying the content of enzymesantioxidants contained in horseradish root, grown in the Astrakhan region in the autumn and summer. During the analysis of the literature, it was found that the content of enzyme-antioxidants in the root of the horseradish is not constant and depends on climatic conditions, planting time and harvest time. The content of antioxidants in the root of horseradish grown in the Astrakhan region in the summer-autumn period was studied using by the method of A.N. Bach and A.I. Oparin. 2 g of horseradish roots contains the number of enzymes - antioxidants able to expand for 30 min (1,547 • 100) / (20 • 1) = 77.35 mg of hydrogen peroxide in 1 min - 2.56 mg. 1mkmol As hydrogen peroxide is 0.034 mg, in 2 g horseradish contains 76 E enzyme - antioxidants (or E 38 1 g horseradish). The results of this work will form the basis for the creation and study of new enterosorbent with antioxidant functions. Enterosorbent prepared by adsorption on starch antioxidants such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbic acid, from aqueous extracts of plant material
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Description
In the article we have estimated sorption capacity of sorbents and analyzed the factors influencing it; we have also selected the optimal conditions for the sorption process, depending on the circumstances and nature of the treatment facilities. The possibility of purification of oil-contaminated water from heavy metal ions synthesized inorganic sorbent has been shown
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Description
The present work describes the chemical synthesis of poly-N,N-diallyl pyrrolidinium bromide and polyN,N-diallyl morpholinium bromide - high-molecular compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms, which included in two five- and/or six-membered heterocyclic rings. These polymers are perspective modifiers for industrially produced anion-exchange membranes, the use of which should significantly improve the resistance to degradation of the membranes at over-limiting current regimes. The structure of obtained polymers was characterized by FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The optimal reaction conditions, which increase the yield of desired products, were defined. It is shown that is preferable to use 1-butanol as a solvent and benzoyl peroxide as an initiator
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Description
Surface energy of polymers determines such important properties of polymers like wetability, adhesion, ability adsorption of low molecular weight substances. Inner organization, the structure of the polymer and the dynamics of interaction between macromolecular chains are shown at last. At the same time, the micro-defects (inhomogeneity) of polymers, which is an integral part of the structure are changed during deformation and must contribute to changing of the surface energy and its components. This article solves the task of detecting changes in the parameters of surface energy of polymers under uniaxial deformation. Data for the quantitative indicators of the surface properties total surface energy and its dispersive and polar components are presented. The calculations showed that the disperse and polar components of all the samples of polymer materials are about 98% of the total and, therefore, is crucial. For the first time experimental data, illustrating the change of surface energy of polymeric materials had been obtained, including elastomeric compositions, when uniaxial deformation. The relative changes of the surface energy vary from 54.5 per cent to 125 %. A decrease of total surface energy and its dispersion component is observed during deformation of polymer samples of different structure and chemical nature
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INCREASING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PRODUCT RECYCLING OIL SLUDGE
DescriptionIn this article, the recycling problem of oil sludge on some modern refinery factories is observed. We studied physical and chemical structure of oil sludge and offered a new way of neutralization of oil sludge. It is established, that if we replace a carbon sorbent to sorbent that contains silica for oil sludge neutralization, we will get environmental safe product. As such sorbent, which contains silica we offer to use a burnt rice peeling. For practical realization the way of neutralization is developed and technological scheme which allows to save natural resources (hydrocarbons and water) and return it to production cycle and to recycle the petropolluted sludge is offered
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PREPARATION OF GRAPHENE MATERIAL WITH BENZIMIDAZOLE FRAGMENTS
DescriptionThe new benzimidazole-functionalized graphene material based on graphene oxide (GO) and 3,3',4,4'- tetraaminodiphenyl oxide (TADPO) was obtained under one-step hydrothermal synthesis conditions. According to IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, as a result of the reaction, benzimidazole (BI) rings are formed, and the mass content of nitrogen is 12.3%. The new graphene material is characterized by excellent electrochemical efficiency in a threeelectrode supercapacitor. As a result of the redox activity of BI cycles the specific capacitance reaches 286 F/g at the scan rate of 2 mV/s, which is substantially higher than the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sample obtained under similar conditions without using TADPO (159 F/g at 2 mV/s)
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Description
The method of nanoemulsions obtaining with acoustic chemistry method has been considered in the article, the nanoemulsion formula has been found. The researches for emulsion stability and particle sizes determination have been fulfilled. The antioxidant effect of the obtained emulsion and a possibility to use it in meat-vegetable products have been researched