05.00.00 Technical science
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Description
Currently, it is important to have a solution for problems related to the prevention of potential accidents and the minimization of technological risks, particularly in the oil and gas industry, the number of accidents in which remains at a high level. Causes of incidents and accidents at hazardous production facilities are often non-compliance with required technological parameters, insufficient equipment of the technological systems with safety devices and automated control systems of processes. The article presents a comparative analysis of the methods that can be used in identification of hazards at different stages of the life cycle of the technological object: location, design, commissioning, operation, reconstruction. In order to develop security measures for the selected plant, we have used a method of analysis hazard and operability (HAZOP). The object of the study was projected technological installation for obtaining of bitumen with 24 thousand tons per year performance on raw material. For the working group of experts we have step-described the order of research dangers of specific nodes of the process plant, including determining the adequacy of the protective measures provided by the project and the development of recommendations on elimination of the revealed deviations and to reduce the effects of their manifestation. The most harmful deviations of process parameters during operation of the installation were found. We have proposed hazard criteria of operation, taking into account the probability and severity of deviations of technological parameters. We have also confirmed that the HAZOP method allows not only to identify the causes of hazards and consequences of their implementation but also to develop recommendations for their elimination
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ANALYSIS OF BY-PRODUCTS MARKET IN RUSSIA
DescriptionChanging style of life, its rhythm and tendencies dictate their own conditions. The deficit of time makes us economize it on all, including the time for cooking. Among the main trends of the domestic meat market - switching consumers from frozen meat products to fresh cooled products. In connection with it the amount of consumers of meat semi-finished products grows. In the work there was considered the results of research of the Russian market of by-products. The market of frozen meat by-products is actively developed in large cities, where it has its own production. The participants of the market state that consumers have started to buy more frozen by-products by weight and the analysis of meat by-products assortment in retailing trade for 2014 testifies it. Trying to fasten their positions, operators of the market not only develop the production powers but work out new products and the analysis of dynamics of production volumes of meat by-products and shares of federal districts – producers of meat by-products testify it. The main players in this segment see the future market for complex, receipt, combined products and ready dishes that will lead to change of structure of meat semi-finished products sales
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Description
The development of agro-industrial integration is an objective economic process involving, on the one hand, with the social division of labor and specialization, on the other - with the necessity of interaction between specialized sectors and modes of agricultural production. Agrarian enterprises come into this unification movement, seeking to reduce the risk, the occurrence of which is associated with the production depends on climatic conditions, natural agricultural products market, the dictates of the processing enterprises, the need to improve the competitiveness of production. Processing and service companies are also seeking to secure a stable income thanks to the raw material base, better use of raw materials, improving the quality of its products, decreasing the price and conquering markets. In most cases, the object is to integrate agriculture, and direct or indirect initiators often are non-agricultural plants and firms that concentrate the bulk of production and sales of AIC final product. As a result, the concentration of production results in savings on its scale, so-called technical-technological economy. Increased production expands beyond the optimal use of machinery and equipment. The more spread out are agricultural producers, so it is more difficult to realize their interests for scaling up. In the Russian practice we have developed a variety of organizational forms of integration differ in the nature of economic relations between the parties, the degree of independence of members of the business combination, the combination of centralization and decentralization. Conventionally, they are divided into associative - "soft" and corporate - "hard". By "soft" forms of association include associations, unions, non-profit partnership and a strategic alliance. They can function effectively at the interregional level. Hard type of integration ties characteristic of plants, corporations, trusts, holding companies. Agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (ACCC) is a voluntary association of individuals and legal entities residing or conducting their business activities in certain rural areas, on the basis of membership and monetary union shares in order to meet the needs of the members in the credit and other banking services
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ANALYSIS OF SOLAR HEAT-PUMP EXERGIC ECONOMIC POINT OF VIEW
DescriptionThe versatility of exergic method allowing to value stocks and losses of all types of energy including into balance of any energetic-technological system by means of single criteria of efficiency is considered in the article
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Description
This article cites the data about the amount and productive capacity of oil producing enterprises in the Russian Federation on the whole, as well as in Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygeya. It is shown, that innovations in the field of waste disposal and waste recycling left after oil production are the most effective, as they contribute to the cost reduction on disposal of waste on landfill and thus, improve environment considerably. They also provide additional revenue from the sale of new products, received after waste recycling. The authors examined literature data on compositional and chemical analysis of waste left after cleaning main oil-bearing crops, processed by oil-producing industry of the Russian Federation (such as sunflower, rape, soy-beans) . The analysis of available technologies of their disposal, such as waste incineration, pyrolysis, worm composting, landfilling, biothermal composting, granulationa of waste and the processing of undersow is submitted to your attention. The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of all available technologies was carried out, and it was noticed that neither of available technologies had become common use. The most prospective direction for the development of efficient technology of waste recycling has been chosen, which includes the use of waste pressing after their rational preparation and isolation of uniform and valuable components. It is shown, that the primary task for the development of such technology is the study of waste composition of raw materials and industrial cleaning of sunflower seeds, soy-beans, and modern sorts of rape and its hybrids
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ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF OPERATION OF CORPORATE NETWORKS ON THE MODERN STAGE
DescriptionThe article contains the analysis, the method of operation of corporate networks, the graphs definition of the stock of the resource under increasing and decreasing in time the predictive values of the parameter
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ANALYSIS OF OPENERS OF SEEDERS IN RESOURCE SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF GRAIN PLANTING
DescriptionWhen sowing grain we apply resource saving technologies-technologies such as «no till» and a technology called «mini-till». «No till» involves planting crops on untreated surfaces. "Mini-till" is designed for the planting with minimum tillage. During the movement of the sowing unit on these agricultural backgrounds we can see working bodies tipping out. Stabilization of the drilling depth is ensured in two ways - by moving part of the weight of the planter on the opener or the installation of ballast weights. Openers of grain drills for resource saving technologies for grain crops can be divided into three groups – foot, disc and anchor. Disc coulter has varieties – single disc, double disc and montesquiu coulter. To analyze the cost of power for the operation of the opener, the following indicators – the minimum engine power of the tractor on the coulter and engine power of tractors per unit of working width. The calculation of the indicators was conducted using data the technical specifications of the planter. Snow coulter drill AGRATOR4800 provides a wide spread planting strip of 10-15cm. The minimum power of the engine of the tractor on the opener is 7.5 HP minimum power of tractor engine per unit of working width 25 HP/m. Double disc opener planter Great Plains has a minimum engine power of the tractor on the opener 2.7 HP and per unit of working width 26.0-28.44 HP/m. Planter equipped with disc knife for strip tillage. The planter Condor 1201 is provided with a chisel opener «ConTeC». The engine power of the tractor on the opener of the planter is 4.58 HP, the engine power of the tractor unit working width constitute l8.33 HP/m. This grain seeder has reduced power losses and provides sowing with a «no till» technology
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Description
The article compares various hypotheses that explain the mechanisms of the influence of the magnetic field with different characteristics on liquids, physico-chemical and biological systems. Physical effects that cause specific biological activity of water (magnetic treatment of water, production of thawed water, degassing, etc.) make water be metastable or non-equilibrium states. Water attracts the attention of researchers as a likely universal mediator in the transmission of electromagnetic field signals to the biological level. Water is involved in a variety of chemical and metabolic reactions, so the question about the ability to change the properties of water and solutions under the influence of fields of different nature: an electromagnetic field with different frequencies, with different combinations of field orientations (parallel constant and variable magnetic field, slope fields, rotating magnetic fields, magnetic fields close to zero and electric fields) arises. At the heart of existing methods for treating liquids lie methods that use the energy of the acoustic and magnetic fields, as well as complex methods of influencing the electromagnetic field in combination with thermal heating, pressure change, etc. The analysis of existing hypotheses about the mechanisms of the influences of fields of a different nature on the treated liquid makes it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the possibility of the joint influence of the acoustic and magnetic fields on the liquid by means of the acoustic and magnetic device
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Description
There are various ways of achieving various crops productivity increase. Here belong the following ways: chemical, physical and physical and chemical. In our opinion, the most perspective way of presowing processing is processing by mix of air and ozone, which belongs to physical and chemical ways of impact on seed material. To obtain the mix of air and ozone is also possible in several ways. The most economically expedient way of ozone synthesis is in the barrier electric ozonizer discharge. However, to achieve a positive effect in ozone influence it is necessary to observe accurately technological parameters as dosages excess can lead to oppression of growth processes in seed. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all known hypotheses connected with ozone influence on agricultural plants and their development process. Researches in this field show that under the influence of ozone on seed material, inside a seed the cleavage of the protein mass takes place. Proteins pass into more available form and as a result it is easier for sprout to receive the nutrients in proteins that promotes the accelerated growth. It is also necessary to note that ozone saturates grain with active forms of oxygen. It is necessary as well to remember bactericidal properties of ozone, which provide destruction of harmful microflora surrounding grain. All these factors lead to improvement of grain sowing qualities and, as a result, increase yielding capacity
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ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL MEANS FOR GRINDING FEEDS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
DescriptionThe authors have developed classification tools for grinding feeds and the most promising directions in the development of tools for the grinding of forages in reducing energy and metal consumption. We have described chopper stem of feed, which provides high performance and good quality of product. In the article, there is an analysis of existing methods of grinding coarse fodder and their classification. The work presents examples of application of stationary and mobile crushers for crushing of grain and roughage, the technical parameters of the equipment for preparation of feed for feeding