05.00.00 Technical science
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Description
In agriculture the issue of enhancing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines (ICE), reducing the costs of maintenance (TO) and repairing (TP) fuel supply apparatus (TA) using the improvement of methods and means of diagnosis is a topical in connection with the aging rolling stock farming and lack of investment. Analysis of the known TA diesel engine vehicles systems showed that the most widespread system is the divided type with multiplunger high pressure fuel pump (fuel pump), while the methods of its diagnosing are laborious, they require partial disassembly and have insufficient accuracy. The mathematical models that characterize the work of a high-pressure fuel pump (fuel pump) use a large number of parameters that significantly affect the quality of dynamics of the change of pressure values of diesel fuel. However, in the materials of previously published articles there were no issues considered assessing the extent of the quantitative impact, performance and features change in the sensitivity settings of the mathematical models on the simulation results, there are no recommendations on the degree of sensitivity and importance of each of the parameters. For a more accurate diagnosis of the fuel supply apparatus of a diesel engine it is advisable to use several methods of diagnosing. The article substantiates development of a mathematical model of a high-pressure fuel pump based on the analysis of modern methods of diagnosing of fuel equipment for autotractor diesel engines
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Description
In the article, we have described the main causes of the fuel-air mixtures explosion and such affecting factors as air blast and fragmental fields. Explosions are performed using various sources of energy. The scale of the explosions consequences depends on their detonation power and the environment in which they occur. The range of the affected areas can reach several kilometers. The basic parameter that characterizes the explosives is the maximum pressure. Increasing distance from the explosion, the maximum pressure and pulse decrease and action duration increases. There is presented method, which is developed in Windows-based applications that allows investigate the dependence of the destruction level on the distance and the explosion epicenter. Algorithm of application operation implements automatically filling of the "molar mass of combustible material, g/mol" field depending on the user’s choice of the flammable substance name. After calculating the raw data, the user moves to the calculation of all the parameters and sees the results of the calculation. By default, the calculation results are presented in tabular form. Further, the results of calculation are presented with a graphical representation of data. The developed software can be used in the educational process at studying such disciplines as "Theory of burning and explosion", "The production safety", "Protection in emergency situations", and also be recommended to practical workers in the sphere of labor safety, prediction and assessment of the technological accidents and catastrophes consequences, teachers of this profile disciplines
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Description
In complex multiparameter technical systems there are numerous and varied physical processes which, on the one hand, have a significant impact on the performance of those systems, and on the other hand, it is extremely difficult amenable to description in the form of meaningful analytical models based on equations, because these models must take into account the specific features of the systems. As a consequence, the development of conceptual analytical models is a "hand-made work" and it is associated with a large number of simplifying assumptions that reduce their versatility and reliability. But there is also another principle of modeling: the construction of phenomenological information models, i.e. models that do not have analytical forms of representation that describes the simulated system superficially as a "black box". Such models can be built directly based on empirical data and with the appropriate software it can be a standard technology much faster and much less time consuming than developing meaningful analytical models. On the other hand, the phenomenological information model can be sufficient to determine the rational design features and parameters of the modes of operation of complex technical systems. Besides, such phenomenological models can be viewed as the first stage in the development of meaningful analytical models. It is proposed to use a new universal innovative method of artificial intelligence for creating phenomenological models of complex technical systems: automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its programmatic Toolkit which is a universal cognitive analytical system called "Eidos". In the system of "Eidos" we have implemented a software interface that provides direct input into the system large amounts of empirical data from an Excel file. The system of "Eidos" can directly (based on empirical (experimental) data) calculate how much information about the results of the technical systems is contained in the facts of possessing certain specific structural elements and certain values of the parameters modes of its work. On this basis, the system provides research-based and appropriate recommendations for the rational choice of design features and parameters of the operation modes of the simulated system
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DATA PROTECTION IN PUBLIC WI-FI NETWORKS
DescriptionWhile shopping, everyone is at risk of processing, use, and, as a consequence, dissemination of their personal data. We pay with a credit card, sometimes leaving our contact information, making the discount card and subscribing to various events, connecting and using a public Wi-Fi network in places where it is provided. Even our chaotic movement through the Mall is monitored, with the aim of creating logistics customer flow. Here, to help managers and executives of shopping centers, high technologies come. The companies already go beyond standard video recording devices and sensors invoice on the front door, letting your eyes for our phones. At the moment some companies are implementing monitoring smartphones using a Wi-Fi signal. This service will allow you to track the attendance of site, conversion of the people who pass by the object and its visitors, distribution of visitors for the facility, directions to consider regular and new visitors, the amount of time that visitors spend in the shopping center, but also to determine the hours of flows and downs of attendance during the day, in other words, to build a complete statistical report
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THE CONCEPT OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
DescriptionWe have revealed the main reasons for interruptions in power supply to consumers of electricity. To improve the reliability and the efficiency of power supply for responsible consumers, we have proposed to develop energy efficient combined energy-saving systems for uninterrupted power supply with use of renewable energy sources. The article lists major principles of the development of such systems; it shows the necessity of constructing a generalized schema that contains the possible types and the sources of electric power converters. It also reveals the modern requirements to systems of uninterrupted energy supply. To improve the operational and technical characteristics of the uninterruptible power supply, it has been proposed to use a new circuitry that includes a contactless power generators, the direct frequency converters used to stabilize the voltage and frequency of the current generators of wind turbines, static converters made with the use of single-phase transformers with rotating magnetic field, universal static converters that can operate in the regimes of known types of converters. The article presents features of the modular construction of systems of uninterrupted energy supply and optimization of their structural decisions on key performance criteria. It shows the algorithm of synthesis of structural designs of combined systems of uninterrupted power supply. An important step for further research with the aim of improving operational and technical characteristics of the combination of uninterrupted power supply systems is the mathematical modeling of physical processes in power circuits of the system in both normal and emergency modes of operation
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TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTALLATION TO CLEAN PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES AT STATEMENT OF FOR STORAGE
DescriptionAt the present time there is a problem in storage of agriculture machine-tractor park, because when operating of agricultural machinery parts thereof are covered by contamination. The most heavily becomes dirty machinery working in the toughest conditions. Pollution promotes decrease the operational reliability, accelerating of corrosion and aging, reduce the quality of maintenance service and performance technique. One of the number of important factors when setting technique for storage is the clearing of by of various types pollution, because the during storage of cleaned surfaces, components and parts are subjected still greater destruction and corrosion. Removal of various kinds of pollution is an important technological process which has a significant impact on the preservation of appliances, performance of work, the quality of the repair and maintenance of cars, culture, production and human health. The article contains a classification of contamination depending on the difficulty of their removal and density, basic information on techniques and devices for purification of units and parts of agricultural machines, as well as on substances used for this. We have reviewed bombardment of surfaces with contaminated carbon dioxide ice particles that leads to its full destruction. We have improved technology and created a universal device and the experimental plant for cleaning parts and assemblies prior to storage, which are not only inferior, but also in the majority superior to technical and economic performance of existing analogues
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Description
In recent decades, Russia has increased the demand for high oleic sunflower oil and, consequently, for the raw material from which it is derived – high oleic sunflower seeds. Currently existing methods of control of mass fraction of oleic acid in the seed oil of sunflower, have significant drawbacks, due to which sharply raises the question of the development of the Express methods of control of mass fraction of oleic acid. The study presents the results of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in the oil of sunflower seeds, obtained by known methods (GC and ri), and developed a method based on NMR. The developed method of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in sunflower seed oil has a number of advantages compared with the known: is not destructive (does not require the extraction of oil from seeds), does not require special sample preparation excludes the use of toxic chemicals, the analysis duration is 5 minutes, ensuring high representativeness of the sample, and the simplicity and automation of the analysis process reduces the requirements for qualifications of laboratory personnel. The developed method of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in the oil of sunflower seeds can be carried out simultaneously with the determination of oil and moisture content of seeds on commercially available analyzers, but I hope it 1006М, which is currently applied at more than 250 companies of oil and fat industry
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TECHNOLOGICAL REFINEMENT OF GRAIN CROP PRODUCTION INVOLVING MACHINERY APPLICATION
DescriptionThere have been suggested the courses of the machine technologies refinement in the process of spiked cereals production. The course of their technical update was studied in our previous article. There were analyzed the drawbacks of the modern machine production of crops and we presented the course of their elimination due to the technology optimization, resource and energy preservation, machine technologies of soil improvement and new innovative technological solutions. The suggested technology optimization was designed taking into account rigorous alternation of crops in the rotation, optimizing of breeds and crossbreeds, application of intermediate crops simultaneously with harvesting the previous crop, introducing progressive methods of chemical treatment and synchronous tillage. The resource and energy preservation is based on the combination of technological operations coinciding with the tasks in agricultural terms during a single machinery pass across the field, application of the mobile power unit (UPU-450), low- and ultralow capacity spraying, optimization of choice of certain agrimethods in the process of crop production and the resource calculation of estimated crop yield. In the set of soil improvement courses we have studied the mechanization of the restoration processes of natural soil formation, defecate introduction, the use of stubbly remains, compulsory presence of permanent grasses in crop rotation. New innovative solutions in the crop production technologies include the refinement of the mechanization facilities in tillage, spraying, new methods of crop harvesting (unwinnowed bread, root tow, cleaning of thrashed heap after the harvesting, etc). We have analyzed the ways of mechanization of “organic farming” and seed treatment with biologic mixtures
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Description
Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means of their special preparation by pre-treatment before storage by electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (ELF EMF). In the current study patterns of influence of ELF EMF pre-treatment of fruits on the effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination during storage for the development of effective technological modes of preparation of fruits before storage are revealed. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microbial contamination of the fruits’ surface were studied. Effective modes of fruits (apples and pears) treatment by ELF EMF were established - for apples: frequency - 22 Hz, current - 10 A for 40 minutes, and for pears: frequency - 26 Hz, current - 5 A for 50 minutes, allowing to reduce to the maximum extent the microbial contamination of their surface, and also to reduce the loss of their weight from microbial spoilage during storage. The terms of storage of processed by ELF EMF fruits under refrigeration were established - for apple varieties Idared and Golden Delicious - within 8 months, for pear variety Conference - for 7 months
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Description
Currently, there is increasingly reduced number of the sites convenient for construction. In this regard there is a question of development of new territories, for various reasons which were earlier considered economically unprofitable or unsuitable for construction. Often, for construction in the mountain area it is necessary to carry out construction of objects in landslide territories. However, landslide processes constitute big health hazard and lives of people and also safety of buildings and constructions. The main objective of engineers when performing design and exploration work on landslide territories is the determination of stability of slopes and size of landslide pressure from soil and also identification of the most dangerous combination of loadings which can demand design and construction of a construction against landslide of landslide protection structures with significant load-bearing capacity. The research presented in article allows to define the most dangerous loads affecting the stability of the slope and also of the selection of a protective construction (against landslide). Dependences of change of landslide pressure and coefficient of stability of a slope are received from action of various loadings (both static, and dynamic)