06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn peach orchards of the Russian humid subtropics, leaf curl is the most dangerous and harmful disease. Due to the high degree of danger from the peach leaf curl, for the first time in this region the main task was to analyze peach leaf curl development on weather conditions. In order to solve the problem, it is proposed to apply a new innovative intellectual technology: automated system-cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its software tools - the “Eidos” system. In order to build the model, based on our own observations and the experience of Russian and foreign colleagues, it was decided to use the following factors: the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the previous year (for the whole year), the sum of precipitation of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of precipitation of the previous year (for the whole year), the number of hours of infection (in the current year). It was established that such factors as the number of hours of infection, the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C in April and during the period from January to April, as well as the sum of precipitation in March and April, are the most important in the dynamics of peach leaf curl development and spread. High rates of leaf curl spread and development are caused by the number of hours of infection in the range of 1440 ... 2064 hours, as well as by low air temperatures in March and April (the sum of temperatures above +4 °C – 89,4-240,4° and 283,7-316,7°, respectively) and high air temperatures - in January and February (the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C – 155,3-259,6° and 243,5-280,1°, respectively)
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STUDYING THE ROLE OF MOVING PHOSPHORUS IN THE SYSTEM OF SOILFERTILIZER-HARVEST
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe results of the study farm «Zavet Ilyicha» JSC, Leningrad district of Krasnodar region, are presented in article to study the role of rolling phosphorus in soil samples, organic fertilizers and grain output of winter wheat. We examined the relationship between the content of phosphorus in the soil and fertilizers are introduced and subsequently with the quality of the harvest of grain. To receive high harvests of crops, primarily need adequate amounts of phosphorus in soils in an accessible form. The next important step is the use of different fertilizers (mineral and organic) under crops. Without the use of fertilizers cannot return key for plants of nutrients, such as phosphorus, nitrogen and sodium in the soil, since agricultural products makes the nutrients. What dose of fertilizer use and profitable forms of these fertilizers, solves every household depending on culture, soil, climate and economy. We received during the research the following results: for 4 year average contents of phosphorus in soils of agro-landscape in General, au pairs amounted to 27.2–31.4 mg/kg. Average levels of phosphorus in the soils crop rotation fields amounted to 26.9 and 30.9 mg/kg. Maximum values amounted to 115.0 mg/kg, while the minimum is about 3.0 mg/kg. Also conducted analyses on the contents of rolling phosphorus in manure polupereprevshem pigs and cattle. Marked by a very significant gap in content of phosphorus, which is associated with significant differences in their feeding. In grain of winter wheat for 4 years, phosphorus content accounted for at an average of 3.41 g/kg; minimum and maximum performance from 2.35 to 4.47 g/kg, in 2012. Compared with 2012 phosphorus concentrations in grain of winter wheat has gradually increased to 2015, and accounted for 3.47 g/kg with minimum and maximum thresholds ranging from 2.05 to 4.89 g/kg
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe steady development of modern pig farming dictates the need for new priorities, opportunities and requirements, such as reducing harmful environmental impacts, more efficient use of resources, and provision of comfortable conditions for the pig housing. The creation of an appropriate ITS BAT in the branch will optimize the activity of agricultural pig breeding enterprises due to the transition to performance of requirements based on BAT technological parameters, to solve the problem of energy efficiency, import substitution and increase of competitiveness. Their integration will have an effect not only on improving the ecological state of the environment, but also on the economy of agricultural enterprises providing a new approach to agricultural activity
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NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF GRAPES OF TECHNICAL GRADES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWe have presented opportunities to improve the nutritional value of wine production: improvement of biogenetic soil, using organic fertilizers. The nutritional value is ensured by not only high-quality biochemical diversity of berries, but also the safety of products that do not contain toxic inclusions. Bio-fertilizer stimulates the biotransformation of toxic soil residues to replenish soil nutrients for the plant, providing grape raw material with biologically active substances and improves the nutritional value of wine products. Food safety of grapes is ensured by reducing it residues of hazardous chemicals migrating from the soil into the plant and the grapes. It has been established, that after 3 years of application of biofertilizers we significantly improved food safety and quality in the biochemical parameters, especially important for the classic wine grape varieties. The soil content of toxic residues in grape raw material is reduced to 50%, the amount of organic acids increases by: 4,22 mg/dm3(Gallic, coffee acid, chlorogenic; 0.7 g/cm3 amber; of 1.33 mg/dm3 ascorbic; 0.25 mg/dm3 nicotinic
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionCurrently, due to the risk of global warming because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, carbon-deposit function of forest ecosystems, thanks to which stabilization of gas composition of the atmosphere takes place, has great importance [1]. Forest is one of the main components of the biosphere. Forests protect soil from erosion, provide stability hydrological regime of rivers, supply atmosphere with oxygen, biologically active substances, purify of harmful impurities, create optimal environmental conditions and play an important environmental role. However, because of intensive anthropogenic influence (unregulated logging, technogenic environmental pollution recreation) forest ecosystems are experiencing stresses at which irreversible processes of degradation of communities of economically valuable main forestforming species of both natural and artificial origin take place [6]. Evaluating carbon-deposit function of forest plantations, CO2 emissions to the atmosphere through the soil respiration must be taken into account, which can vary within wide limits. Productivity of forests is largely driven by carbon dioxide, released from the soil. Soil carbon dioxide provides demand of forest plants for photosynthesis. With increasing intensity of soil respiration, positive balance is maintained [2]. Based on the method of V.I. Tarankov for evaluation of carbon-deposit and oxygen-producing functions of wood cenoses [2], similar research is carried out in RSI "Kuban forestry", the KarachayCherkessia Republic
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article scientifically substantiates and experimentally confirms the high efficiency of the nano biological feed supplement "NaBiKat" in diets of broiler chickens of the "Cobb-500" cross. The supplement is a new complex with a mixture of rice germ films, green tea gallocatechin in chelated form, and forty-nine trace elements in chelated form, including biosoluble form of silicon. The main function of silicon is to be involved in a variety of intermediate exchange reactions as a catalyst and to ensure normal flow of vital mechanisms as a coupler helping to combine cellular molecules into a whole functioning structure. Silicon begins to act on the body when getting into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract with the feed. It activates the enzyme system of the body and in ionic form is absorbed by kind of ordinary diffusion along almost the entire small and large intestine beginning from the jejunum. The supplement studied has been proved to improve the morphological structure and biochemical properties of blood, to enhance metabolism, redox processes, and the level of natural resistance. The broilers fed the supplement "NaBiKat" in the experimental groups have been found to have a higher concentration of macro- and micronutrients in blood. The nano biological silicon-containing supplement as a compound of in the composition of feed for chickens had a positive effect on their growth and development
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ISSUE OF DEVELOPMENT OF NONWEEDING TECHNOLOGY OF GROWING RICE SEEDS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAn analysis of the state of contamination of rice crops with red-grained forms was carried out, as well as impurity was found both in the seed material and in the soil. It was shown that there is a need to switch to non-weeding seed growing technology when conducting elite and reproductive seed production. Various variants of soil cultivation in combating the red rice forms are considered, both in the main and in the pre-sowing treatment. It has been found that after harvesting rice on heavily foul areas, it is better to burn straw, and not to carry out autumn tillage of the soil, the seeds of red-grained forms die mostly when wintering on the soil surface. The most effective method of soil cultivation for controlling of red rice forms in seed crops has been identified, in which the yield is increased, and the contamination of crops and the resulting rice grain is significantly reduced. The work carried out will allow reducing manual labor costs in the production of seeds, improving their quality and assortment, speed up variety changing and variety updating
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STATE AND STRUCTURE OF THE STREET PLANTINGS OF THE CENTRAL PART OF EKATERINBURG
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionUrban trees can provide multiple environmental benefits. The study of the state of the street tree and shrubby vegetation from the analysis of inventory data and environmental conditions is purpose the article. The structure of 11 types of street roadside vegetation, which determines about 93% of the greenery composition of the city of Ekaterinburg is considered. The structure of the examined tree-shrub vegetation and all vegetation, which is part of the greening of Ekaterinburg, is compared. For each tree (shrub) was measured: species, number of stems, diameter of stem at 1,3 m, tree height, height to base of live crown, crown width, percent of branch dieback in crown, percent of canopy volume devoid of leaves, number of sides of the tree receiving sunlight from above, distance and direction to building, distance to road. As a result, homogeneity of illumination of various plant species is received. Ash ordinary has the largest of all plants values of the percent of the missing crown (61.3%) and closest distance to the road. The effect on the plants (by average distance) of urban buildings (7- 30 meters) and the proximity of the roadway (3-7 meters) was observed
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article there were analyzed the different approaches of Soviet and Russian authors to the assessment of soils regarding to agro-ecological factors. There was given the characteristic of natural-economic zones territorially entering the Azov-Kuban lowland by main soil-climatic indexes. There was considered the valuation of soils which determines their relative value and suitability on main factors of natural fertility or their groups, it serves as a criteria of unification of soils into agro-ecological groups. There were shown the main indexes and order of grouping of soils under unification of different soils into agro-ecological groups. There was calculated the “normative” productivity of main agricultural crops on natural-economic zones of Azov-Kuban lowland which defines the agro-productive value of soil. There were revealed the disadvantages of soil assessment method used in the course of state cadastre valuation of agricultural lands asserted by the order of the Ministry of Economic Development from 20.09.2010 № 445. There were cited the specific rates of cadastre cost (SRCC) of agricultural lands on municipal entities of Krasnodar region. There was given the assessment of obtained data regarding to natural-climatic factors of the region, there were made proposals on optimization of trends of further researches on claimed problem
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CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE RICE MARKET IN RUSSIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAnalysis of rice market in the country was conducted, as well as assortment of rice products was studied. It is shown that rice is the most popular grain in Russian Federation and in percentage of cereal products in shops they occupy 29% and in diet of Russian people – 41%. It is found that in Russia round grain japonica varieties are the most popular kind. It is mentioned that for the last years consumer market demands diversity of rice products, including long-grain and exclusive varieties, imported from abroad. It is shown that in big cities demand for such products has increased from 5% to 15%. Analysis of milled rice balance was conducted. It is found that volume of milled rice in the domestic market of the country is annually about 680-800 thousand tons exceeding the average demand value by 54,8 to 172,3 thousand tons. Promising breeding directions are observed for increasing assortment of rice products in Russian markets with a view to import substitution. It is mentione that Russian breeders have developed group of exclusive varieties: Rubin, Mars, Viola, Violetta, Avstral, Ivushka, Natasha, Aromir etc. It is shown that special purpose varieties currently occupy 3,5% of rice acreage in the Krasnodar region and their cost is by 20-70% higher than that of traditional rice varieties. It was found that for their implementation into production and promotion on the consumer market we need to develop agricultural techniques of cultivation and seed production scheme in accordance with the biological characteristics, conduct marketing activities, promotion of a healthy diet