06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe author has examined peculiarities of meat productivity of animals of the most common breeds: Charolais, Simmental, Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Kuban type of Red Steppe. As a result of the slaughter carried out for younger group achieved 15 months age, the Charolais breed bulls exceeded peers of Kuban type on slaughter weight to 60.9 kg (20.9 %), Aberdeen Angus – 53.8 kg (18.5 %), Hereford and Simmental respectively – to 35.1 and 24.8 kg (8,5-12,0 %). By the age of 18 months their superiority increased respectively by 56.9; 57.5; 55.8 and 29.9 kg (16.8; 16.9; 16.5 and 8.82%). Halves of bodies of the Kuban breed (considering the specific type of boneless beef output) aged 15 months gave way to all the groups: Charolais and Angus – by 1.1- 1.5%, Simmental and Hereford – by 0.4-0.6%. The yield of premium beef exceeds the standards in all genotypes: Kuban – by 9.5%, beef breeds – by 11.2% (Charolais) and 19% (Simmental). The balance beetween dry matter and moisture is in the optimal range (0.43: 1-0,73: 1). At 15 months of age, in the number of dry matter, Charolais bulls outnumbered Aberdeen-Angus and Red steppe at 5.1-5.2%, Simmental and Hereford - on 3,0-4,9%. With age, in the meat of calves of beef breeds the level of fat increased, for example, in Hereford and Simmental 0.3-0.5%, Aberdeen Angus and Simmental – 0.7-0.8%. In the middle of a sample of ground beef of carcasses of the calves of Charolais breed at the age of 18 months it contained more protein than in the meat of the calves of Red steppe (1.2%, Hereford (1.1%), Angus (1.4%), Simmental (1,3%). All the meat of the carcasses of the calves of specialized beef breeds was of high quality and diet: one part of the protein had 0.59 parts of fat (Aberdeen Angus) and 0.45 parts (Hereford)
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SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TOBACCO SEEDS GROWING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionNicotiana tabacum and rustica are facultative self-pollinated plants, therefore, because of pollination peculiarities, specific methods are applicable to growing seeds of this plants. Researches on mass, individual and family, recurrent methods of seeds selection for productivity and sowing properties are carried in the institute for revealing most efficient methods of getting seeds. Seeds growing system for Nicotiana tabacum and rustica is a part of general seeds growing system for all agricultural plants and consists of breeding, testing new sorts, mass reproduction of seeds with retained biological and productivity properties, seeds harvesting and controlling their sort and sowing properties. Primary growing of nicotiana tabacum and rustica seeds is carried by individual and family or recurrent selection and further testing of chosen plants, distinctive for this sort, on economically valuable and biological properties. Peculiarities of each zoned sort are kept by retaining its primary genome with constant selection of highly productive genotypes, specific for this sort. Well-organized seed growing system leads to sort potential revealing. Biotype composition of sort is obviously changing in a few years, so primary seeds growing system should be constantly improved
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MODERN ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SORGHUM FORAGE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionSorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows, sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients, necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of nutritional value according to fodder units is being revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients. The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general (energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine. The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’ and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best varieties according to the contents of fodder units
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DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY-RIPENING WHITE CABBAGE VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionEarly-ripening white cabbage has a special place among the vegetables cultivated in Kuban region. It opens the pipeline of vegetables from the open ground and is supplied to other regions at a time when shortage of vegetables of domestic production is felt the most. Modern producer requirements to domestic hybrids are the highest - product quality, uniformity and productivity should not concede to foreign analogues. Ways to improve the quality of early ripening hybrids: development of lines based on modern foreign hybrids, high uniformity of lines by morphological and economic traits. Development of male sterile lines and dihaploid lines in culture in vitro can more successfully solve the problem of quality of early ripening hybrids. The use of the above methods and approaches helped develop series of inbred lines - gene sources for complex agronomic traits. On the vase of obtained lines promising earlyripening hybrids were developed. One of the hybrids, Ritsa F1, entered the State register of breeding achievements. Advantages of the hybrid: earliness, uniformity and high marketability of heads, high productivity. According to results of contest trial new hybrid Milana F1 is passed for State trial, this hybrid has high productivity potential for growing in sale cropping. Both hybrids were produced with the participation of male sterile line Dt46f, resistant to fusarium. High quality seeds of these hybrids were produced in a greenhouse in direct crop for a wide industrial and environmental testing
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the uvological, yielding and qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was performed in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes were laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a two-shoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes, there was formed the same load shoots and bunches. Scheme of experience: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2 - superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 – nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of the studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the Anapo-Tamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Autumn application of nitroammofoski (N120P120K120) provides an increase in yield by 68.3%, increases the yield of mash from a hectare by 76.7% and the collection of sugar by 97.6%. Autumn application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (P90K90) and early spring application of ammonium nitrate (N60) also contributed to an increase in yields by 33.3 and 40.6%, respectively. On the output of the wort, these options are equal, and for the collection of sugar phosphate-potassium fertilizers exceed ammonia nitrate
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INFLUENCE OF STOCKS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AND WINE OF RKATSITELI VARIETY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents results of the six-year study of the effect of stocks Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB and Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B on yield, quality of grapes and wine Rkatsiteli in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Effect of stock on the scion strongly depends on the annual weather conditions. In a given year, there is a stock, better adapted to the weather conditions. Stocks of Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B increases winter hardiness variety Rkatsiteli. On average, during six years the stocks have not been resulted in significant difference between the percentages of developed into shoots buds and fertile shoots shown in the coefficients of fruiting and fruitbearing shoots Rkatsiteli. Among all the influencing factors, the degree of influence of stocks is 0.1-0.4%. Some differences in forming of generative organs of wintering buds along the fruiting twig under the influence of stocks do not lead to significant differences in biological terms of fruiting varieties in the whole piece. On average, six years of significant difference in the effect of stocks on the average weight of the bunches, and the yield is not defined - the degree of influence of rootstocks on mentioned indicators is 0,1-2,1%. A significant impact of stocks on the dynamics of sugar accumulation in berries has not been discovered. The degree of influence of stocks on to the final sugar content and acidity of berries is 0.3 and 14.5%, respectively. The wine produced from Rkatsiteli berries on a stock Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB has the better tasting score than on the stock Chasselas × Berlandieri 41B (7.5 and 7.4 points, respectively). The main influence on fruiting of the variety Rkatsiteli was provided by the conditions of the current and previous vegetation. Within the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region the cultivating of the variety Rkatsiteli is reasonable for both studied stocks
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe impact of anthropogenic pollution on soil phytotoxity and on triticale plants in Vladikavkaz suburb was investigated in the work. The objects of the study were sod-gley leached soils and different varieties of triticale plants. The research was conducted in 2010-2011 at the Department of Biology of Gorsky State Agrarian University. The article gives data on microelements content in soils and plants within the range of influence of Vladikavkaz industrial enterprises. There was a marked change of miroelements’ mobility in soil and activity of their penetration into plants during fertilization. The sort characteristics of microelements’ accumulation in vegetative mass of triticale were researched. The conducted research is informative for soil and plant condition monitoring in anthropogenically polluted environment. The work indicates the increasing danger of microelements (including heavy metals) accumulation in soil and their inclusion in biological cycle in concentration that is too toxic for plants, animals and people during the usage of fertilizers, especially their high doses. The most dangerous among heavy metals are mercury, cadmium and lead. We used MPC rate of excess to estimate the content of these metals. The results of the research can be used in soil and cereal plant condition monitoring and diagnosis and in development of regional environmental regulation
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents brief results of the introduction of Hibiscus syriacus L. varieties for a signs collection in the south of Russia. Since 2007, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (Krasnodar) has been working on the introduction and researching of Hibiscus Syriacus varieties and signs collection is being formed. Introduced varieties of hibiscus are obtained in zones with a moderate temperature-humidity regime, therefore not all are easily adapted in the conditions of the south of Russia. According to the results of the research, several varieties of sources of valuable traits have been identified. Varieties with pure white petals: Totus Alba, William R. Smith, White Chiffon, White Pillar. Varieties with bright crimson color petals: Freedom, Carneus Plenus, Woodbridge, Duc de Brabant. The Blue Chiffon variety is the source of bright blue petals, Sanchonyo is a source of bright purple-crimson petals. Of great value are varieties that have an unusual combination in the color of petals, like the varieties Monstrosus and Hamabo. By the sign: a large flower (d of a flower more than 12 cm), the collection includes varieties White Chiffon, Chaina Chiffon, Pink Giant. Variety Dorothi Crane and hybrids: T-16-11, T-7-11, K-16-12 are identified as sources of round, wheel-shaped flower. With a double flower type, the varieties are represented by varieties: Blue Chiffon, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Leopoldii, Speciosus, Lucci, Sanchonyo, Freedom, Carneus Plenus. Varieties: Woodbrige, Russion Violet, Ledy Stenly, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Purple Pillar are sources of abundant long (more than 3 months) flowering. With a high degree of self-purification after flowering, varieties are distinguished: White Chiffon, Sanchonyo, Purple Pillar, White Pillar, Freedom. Varieties: China Chiffon, Freedom, Lucii, Leopoldii, RussionViolet, hybrid forms: T-16-11, T-18-11, T-21- 12 are characterized by increased adaptability to abiotic factors in south of Russia. Dedicated varieties and forms - sources of valuable economic and biological characteristics are of interest for involving in selection and allow to model varieties with given properties
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EFFICIENCY OF THE FERTILIZER SYSTEM IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF EMPOWERMENT OF WINTER WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWinter wheat is very demanding on the nutrient regime of the soil. Like many winter crops, it consumes the nutrients unevenly distributed during the vegetation period, which must be considered when making them. Modern varieties of winter wheat are very demanding to soil fertility. For the formation of 4,0-4,5 t/ha requires about 140 kg of nitrogen, 50 kg phosphorus and 120 kg potassium. Therefore, without the use of fertilizers, it is not possible to obtain such a crop with high grain quality. In addition, in the cultivation of winter wheat in the high and intensive technologies simply need using large amounts of fertilizer to compensate for the removal of nutrients. This is especially important when having partial or complete reduction of application of organic fertilizers. Therefore, we consider the possibility and the results of studies using different doses, combinations and types of fertilizers in technology of winter wheat cultivation. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening of southern zone of Rostov region, on experimental fields of the federal state scientific institution «ASС «Donskoy». For research, we have chosen the most common varieties of winter wheat (Tanais, Granite, Axinite, Terra, Donskoy prostor, Motto) and various combinations and combinations of mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiments were conducted on two predecessors: couples and peas. As the controllable parameters we had the productivity and quality of winter wheat. We have found a positive impact of the in-change of fertilizer on the studied parameters with a share of the variance of 96% and a high degree of correlation of 0,98. The marked increase in the productivity of winter wheat is up to 22% when using different versions of the experiment. We have identified rational combination doses of mineral and organic nutrition for predecessors: peas N40P60K40+2N30 and vapor – manure 40t/ha+2Р60+2N30
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FINAL INDICATORS OF VALUABLE PROPERTIES FOR NEW TOBACCO SORTS (FOR FIVE YEAR PERIOD)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionBasic aim of institute’s breeding is to keep, renew and increase selection and genetic resources of Nicotiana tabacum. Final stages of this work are competitive and state sort testing procedures. Their results are base for zoning new sorts. In the article, the results on testing 8 new tobacco sorts of Trapezond and Ostrolist sort type are presented. Testing on experimental field situated in Severskii district of the Krasnodar region lasted for five years. For this purpose, phenological observations, biometric and technological properties measuring, plant productivity and dried tobacco quality assessments and other operations were carried. As the result, Trapezond 25, Ostrolist 360 and Sheptalskii 63 sorts may be recommended for zoning and utilizing in industry. Trapezond 25 and Sheptalskii 63 are sorts with high productivity, high quality of dried tobacco and good curing properties. Ostrolist 360 when earlymiddle maturing keeps high productivity and quality of cured tobacco. Other sorts: Trapezond 115, Ostrolist 311, Ostrolist 149, Ostrolist 90, Krupnolistniy 22 can be initial material for further selection