06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn order to find compounds that increase sugar beet resistance to the adverse effects of herbicides, a series of naphthalenesulfonamides derivatives have been synthesized. The protective effect of new compounds for the herbicide mixture Betanal, Lontrel and Super Zeleke was studied in field conditions. The effect of pyridylhydrazones on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in leaves was investigated. Substances with a high protective effect were found
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INFLUENCE OF ENRICHMENT SEEDS WITH COPPER ON RICE YIELD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWe have studied the effect of presowing enrichment with copper on the seed yield of rice. We have found optimum concentration of water solution of copper, which provides higher yields of seeds and evaluated the impact of the enrichment with copper on the growth processes in the plants of rice. The studies were conducted in elite seed-growing enterprise "Krasnoe" of All-Russian Research Institute of rice. It was found that for rice-growing farms of the Kuban region with the aim of increasing the quantity and quality of grain yield it is necessary to make sowing of rice seeds enriched with copper. This application should be carried out by wetting the rice seeds with 0,5 % water solution of the microelement with a semi-dry method, i.e. the rate of 10 liter working solution of copper in 1 ton of seed. The article proves the economic feasibility of enrichment of rice seeds with copper
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USAGE OF SEEDLINGS FOR RECEIVING ULTRAEARLY HARVESTS OF POTATO
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionUsing of seedling method for growing early potatoes accelerates the starting processes of growth and development of plants, and the application of temporary covers of the nonwoven covering materials protects the landing from sudden temperature changes and relapsing frost. To receive seedlings of early potatoes we used standard seed tubers of 60-80 g weigh of the following varieties: Agata, Red Scarlett, Kislovodskiy, Vershininskiy and Sheri. By the time of planting in the ground, depending on the varieties, the height of seedling was from 13 to 26 cm, the number of leaves - 7-10 pieces. Conducting of trial unearthing of potato showed that on 45 days after transplanting into the ground (the second decade of May), it is possible to receive up to 10, 5-11, 4 t/ha (Agata and Red Scarlett varieties). On 55 days (the third decade of May), the yield reached 26, 4 t/ha of standard tubers, and in the first decade of June the yield was from 26, 4 to 50, 6 t/ha. The maximum yield of standard tubers of 50, 6 t/ha was obtained by lifting on 65 days with the Red Scarlett variety. In the terms of the Astrakhan region the growing of early potato by seedling method with using of temporary cover allows to receive the ultra-early harvest of marketable tubers in the II-III decade of May
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWe have selected a group of test animals and formed a set of techniques for the research. The article gives an evaluation of fattening qualities (precocity, average daily gain, feed consumption per 1 kg of gain) of purebred and crossbred pigs. We present the dynamics of body weight and body length for the experimental pigs, productive qualities, the thickness of back fat of experimental animals to achieve the 100 and 130 kg of live weight
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RESULTS OF FEIJOA HYBRIDIZATION IN THE HUMID SUBTROPICS OF KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFeijoa crop is valuable due to the complex of useful traits (high frost resistance, big yield, ornamental value and long profitable period). These fruits have delicate flavor, nutritional and dietary properties. The fruits are juicy with a pleasant, gentle, refreshing sweet and sour taste, specific strawberry-pineapple flavor and contain significant quantities of important substances for the human body. Pectin (up to 2.5%), sugars (6-14%), proteins, vitamins, organic acids, mineral salts, etc. are among them. However, the challenge of its cultivation is the lack of cultivars and plantations are represented by a mixture of hybrids originated from free pollination, and characterized by a great variety in biological and morphological traits, differing not only in yield, but in size, shape and yield period. In this connection, the breeders faced the objective to create new cultivars of feijoa, using classical and modern breeding methods and available genetic resources for commercial gardening and production. Development of the core hybrid diversity material and selection of promising forms are the most important stages of the breeding process, providing success of further breeding programs. The breeding of varieties and forms for crossings was carried out according to the principle of combining the desirable traits of the obtained offspring. There are direct and reverse crosses in six combinations ('Dachnaya' x 'Superba', 'September' x 'Superba', 'Dagomysskaya' x 'Superba', 'Superba' x 'Dachnaya', 'Superba' x 'September', Superba ; X 'Dachnaya'). The viability of the pollen was evaluated prior to pollination, by germination on a nutrient medium - 1% agar-agar + 15% sucrose. The degree of fertility varied year by year: in 2015 - 60-62%, and in 2016 - 68-77-88%. The best crossing combinations were established 'September' x 'Superba' and the 'Superba' x 'Dagomyskaya for the creation of the hybrid genepool of Feijoa sellowiana. A high percentage of germination of the feijoa seeds was noted in combinations of 'Dagomyskaya' x 'Superba' (74%) and 'Superba' x 'Dagomysskaya' (70%).
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionCurrently, personal subsidiary farms (PSF) have an important place in solving of the food security problem in some regions and the country as a whole. The organization of optimal and sustainable management strategy of maintenance for PSF should be planned according to the study of functioning of PSF. The authors propose a unified methodical approach for complex accounting of energy costs of external and internal flows involved in the production of agricultural products. Comparative energy characteristic of the functioning of the two personal subsidiary farms located in the Tomsk oblast and having different socio-economic and climatic conditions is presented in the article. Both farms are located in the taiga zone of Western Siberia. Calculations of the energy content of all the incoming and outgoing flows involved in the economic activities of PSF showed that the flow of technogenicanthropogenic energy is the most energy-intensive for both farms. Some conformity in the energy structure of consumption of their own product takes place despite the different types of stockbreeding specialization. An assessment of the level of selfsufficiency in food has shown that more favourable socio-economic conditions create preconditions for an increase of the anthropogenic flow. While PSF located in remote areas are forced to conduct of business activities with maximum using of natural resource potential
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article reveals issues concerning three years research about the rate of influence complex water soluble fertilizers in seed treatment and treatment vegetative plant in phase 3-5 and 7-8 leaves for grain yield increase. In the process of research were determined summarized water consumption and coefficient of water consumption, measuring of morphological signs, were given economical estimation of using complex water soluble fertilizers in corn grain yield increase. The research shows the efficiency of seed treatment of average corn hybrid Krasnodarskiy 377 AMV by complex water soluble fertilizer Lignohumate potassium at dose 0,5 l/t. Grain yield increase in mentioned variant was 4,4 c/ha in comparison with variant of distilled water treatment. The same grain yield increase was got by using in seed treatment the mixture of Albit, 0,05 l/t with Lignohumate potassium, 0,5 l/t. the treatment of vegetative plants in phase 3-5 leaves when were sowed non treated seed were less efficient than in phase 7-8 leaves, where grain yield increase was 4,5 c/ha. Seed treatment of Lignohumate potassium in combination with vegetative plants treatment in phase 7-8 leaves by using Megamix, Bionekskemi and Lignohumate potassium allowed to get grain yield level 80,3-80,8 c/ha
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe provisions to improve the efficiency of vineyards are the selection of varieties different by ripening, adapted to local conditions, as well as the use of a new generation of fertilizers. According to phenological observations and actual production period, the varieties of table grapes are divided into groups by ripeness – early and middle. According to the yield, there were emphasized the following varieties: in the early group – Cardinal (11,3 t/ha), Vostorg (Delight) (11,2 t/ha), Bogatyrskiy (10,9 t/ha); in the middle ripening group - Kishmish luchistyj (11,2 t/ha), Moldova (11,2 t/ha), with large clusters (266-453 g) and berries (3,2-7,0 g), a berries’ crush resistance was from average 850 g to high up to 1528 g, berries’ strength of attachment to fruitstems was high – 259 and solid – 666 g. It was observed the positive benefit of foliar application of a new generation of micro fertilizers. In the phase of ripening of berries the total length of shoots of fertilized variants was above the control variant for the variety Ranniy Magaracha on 2,6-13,4%, for the Karaburnu on 2,5-13,9%. Maturing shoots in this phase was on the variety Ranniy Magaracha – 76,5- 92,4% (control variant – 74,6%), while on the Karaburnu variety – 72,8-83,1% (control variant – 70,9%). Fertilizers contributed to the increase of leaf area on the Ranniy Magaracha variety on 3,9-15,9 thousand sq.m/ha (control variant – 20,0 thousand sq.m/ha), on the variety Karaburnu on 3,4-13,1 thousand sq.m/ha (control variant – 22,8 thousand sq.m/ha). The yielding capacity on the fertilized variants have increased by 7,1-23,0% depending on the variety. The maximum yielding capacity was obtained when using compound nanotechnological fertilizer Nagro on the variety Ranniy Magaracha – 13,4 t/ha and on the variety Karaburnu – 15,5 t/ha
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe increasing consumption of forest resources causes a greater anthropogenic impact on forest ecosystems and leads to a negative impact on both biodiversity and the environment as a whole. In this article, the sustainability of forest phytocenosises of southeast of Western Siberia is assessed using the example of Tomsk region. The analysis of the status and dynamics of the forests of Tomsk region has been assessed. The main factors negatively affecting the biodiversity of forests of Tomsk region were analyzed. The forests cover extensive areas; therefore, the studies were carried out based on the data from the State Forestry Register of the Russian Federation for the period from 2008 to 2015. According to the results of the study, the sustainability of forest phytocenosises has increased significantly in recent years, which can be explained by its strengthened ability to maintain the current state under the influence of external factors. This work considers such causes of damage and death of forest plantations as pests, forest diseases, unfavorable soil and climate impacts, forest fires, as these are the main and most massive phenomena that cause the greatest damage to forest. It is possible to see the dynamics of damage and death of forest plantations on the figures presented in the article
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF RICE VARIETY BY GROUPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionHigh growth-rate of plantlet is the integral index of intensity of physiological processes at rice and other cultures. 20 typical plantlets from each of two variants were studded (in the distilled water in thermostat at a temperature 29° C) by: length of embryonic root and coleoptile. Comparative analysis of trait characterizing the growth rates of rice varieties showed reliable advantage of Russian ones above the Italian and Chinese. Local varieties, regionalized until the year 2000, exceed new ones on this trait. Highest growth rates were characterized by medium grain samples. The white grain and red grain varieties are excelled other groups on the height of plantlet. Analysis rates of height of plantlets in the distinguished groups showed the necessity of prosecution of improvement of the above enumerated signs at the varieties of late term of ripening, long grain, with Waxy gene, colored grain. We recommend to sow this type of varieties on fields with good leveling, because of low speed of growth