06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
-
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OILSEEDS PROCESSED PRODUCTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionCurrently, we are constantly improving the recipes of fish feeds, this reduces the cost of feed per gain, and it overall decreases cost of fish. We search for alternative cheaper sources of nutrients. Leftovers of vegetable oil and oil extraction industry such as oil cakes and meals have been used as high-protein feed additives for a long time. This requires a strict scientific control, precluding the possibility of their harmful effects on animal health. In this regard, there was a comparative analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition traditionally used in compound feeds for sturgeons of sunflower cake and feed concentrate from "Sarepta" vegetable raw materials. During the research it was found that "Sarepta" is better than sunflower meal considering protein and essential amino acids content
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe influence of growth, its ripened part and the diameter of the vine at the base of the shoot on the growth power of 922 seedlings of 55 combinations of crosses in 2011 and 2012 was studied (planting scheme 3 x 1 m), seedlings of grapes of the second and third years of vegetation in the field conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea. The mean vine maturation for all populations was 64.7%, the diameter at the base of the shoots was 3.3 mm. After pruning to reverse growth, in the third year of vegetation of seedlings (2014), the length of growth of shoots increased significantly and the average for populations it became 73.3 cm. The coefficient of variation increased, 26%, - it acquired the character of a significant deviation from the general population. This happened because the seedlings, which had a vine growth less than 25 cm in the second year of vegetation, had a growth of only 35 cm in the third year, whereas in all seedlings that had a growth of more than 30 cm, in the following year shoots increased almost 1, 5 and 2 times more. Formulas are proposed for estimating the growth force of seedlings according to the 9-score scale OIV (OIV)
-
PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF PEA BY USING MICRO-FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH REGULATORS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe use of resource-saving technologies for cultivation of basic crops does not make sense without the use of microelement fertilizers, biologics and growth regulators. All this fully applies to the technology of cultivation of the main bean culture – pea. In the current market conditions of agrochemical products, microfertilizers are presented in a wide range. Identifying the most effective of them at a price and yield increase is a defining task for agricultural producers. In this connection, the purpose of the research was to study the influence of biologics and growth regulators on the development and productivity of peas with the definition of their most effective them. The studies were conducted in 2014-2016 on the fields of the training and demonstration center on the introduction of resource-saving technologies of the IPCC APK VO "DGAU" in Zernograd, Rostov Region. As the studied drugs there were used Rizotorfin, Extrasol, Vigor Fort, Miwal Agro, Flavobacterin, Biogumat Kubansky, KU-8 Agrofon. As a result of the research, it was established that all the preparations studied showed a positive effect on the development of pea plants grade Angela. The yield gain was 0,34-0,56 t/ha in comparison with the control. The most effective are the following ones: Extrasol with a yield increase of 0,56 t / ha (14,6%) and a profitability level of 232%, Mival Agro – 0,54 t/ha (14,1%) and a profitability level of 192%, Biohumat Kuban – 0,55 t/ha (14,3%) and the level of profitability of 271%. A good level of profitability was noted at KU-8 Agrofon – 224%
-
MILK PRODUCING ABILITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF VARIOUS ECO-GENETIC TYPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the comparative assessment of economic traits of Holstein cows of various ecogenetic types in the Volgograd region, the Russian Federation. The study of adaptive ability of Holstein cattle imported from the United States (245 heads), Denmark (245 heads), Germany (386 heads), and Australia (250 heads) has been carried out based on breeding plant OOO "Donskoye" in Russia since 2006. The milk producing ability of the animals was studied during the period of first three lactations. The cows imported from the United States showed the maximum productivity. The cows from the USA and Germany were registered to have the highest fat content in milk. The mathematical modeling for predicting production processes revealed that with respect to the milk yield, the Holsteins of Danish selection were superior to the cows of American, German, and Australian selections by the fifth lactation. The high correlation between the milk yield and the body weight, as well as between the body weight and the fat content of milk from Holstein cows of various selections has been established. The cows of Danish, German, and Australian selections showed a positive correlation between economic traits and genetic parameters for the period of three lactations. The cows from Australia have been proved to have higher indices of protein composition of milk (the total nitrogen content, the amount of essential amino acids). The level of the adaptive ability of the animals of the same breed but different eco-genetic types has been found to be stable
-
IMPROVEMENT OF WAYS OF FRUIT TREES WATER SUPPLY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionNowadays, fruit trees are subjected to influence of abiotic stress-factors. The reaction of fruit plants on the influence of media plays an important role. Experiments were conducted in two (Northern and Central) fruit zones of the Krasnodar region since 2013 to 2015, there was shown the possibility of application of hydroabsorbents as a stable source of water supply of fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the South of Russia in the conditions of field experiment. There were shown the peculiarities of technological ways of water supply of fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the south of Russia. There was determined that the necessity in watering of a garden’s plots with the use of hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 with the supporting of soil’s moisture in 80% in Northern zone in the end of May, in central fruit zone in the middle of May. There was proven that the application of hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 guarantees the stable water supply in limits of 75-80% from NV since planting in apple-trees of varieties of Renet Simirenko and Golden Delicious grafted on the stock M9 and planted on the scheme 4,0 х 1,0 м during three years. The work of the system of “soil-roots-leaves” independently on weather and soil conditions is provided
-
POWDER FROM LUPINE SEEDS – THE PERSPECTIVE PROTEINACEOUS FOOD DRESSER
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe presented research is devoted to the development of the import-substituting production technology of the proteins dresser for food from local vegetable resources, in particular, of lupine. Lupine seeds contain about 40% of protein rich in all irreplaceable amino acids. Protein of lupine noticeably differs from protein of soy in inhibitors content, and namely, proteases, that does not cause allergic reactions. The main part of oil composition of oil of lupine is maid up of linolenic, linoleic and olein acids. Use of lupine seeds in production of complex raw structure products will allow to increase the biological value of a proteins component of a traditional type of raw materials of phytogenesis and to reduce the available deficit of protein. It is a will-know fact, that lupine is added to the recipes of buns, fermented milk and cottage cheese products, rich crackers and long cookies. Technologists have recently received a certain concentrate from lupine seeds of high biological value, and a pastelike concentrate of lupine which can be used as a filler in milk, meat, baking and confectionery industries is being under development. The results of the research show that seeds of lupine can be considered as one of the perspective sources of white and competitive ingredient for developing new recipes and technologies of different types of multicomponent food. It is necessary to continue the research on creation of different types of food with use of lupine seeds. Thus, the products received from lupine seeds can be used as raw materials for improvement of quality of food and as additives for creation of compoundings of new types of foodstuff
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article considers approaches to conducting longterm observations, i.e. monitoring of the immunological characteristics of varieties of winter wheat. In our work, we use the following grading system for the immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties for resistance to leaf rust in various stages of ontogeny: evaluation of sustainability in the seedlings in a phytotron, greenhouse complex; evaluation sustainability in a field of artificial infectious background; immunological evaluation based on phytosanitary monitoring in different ecological zones. In the initial stages, all the material is pre-tested in the field of infectious hatchery. We have performed an evaluation on the intensity of lesion and the type of plant response to the introduction of the pathogen. This approach allows getting rid of susceptible genotypes for a year. To describe the spread of rust, i.e., increase in population numbers we have used two types of curves: J-shaped and S-shaped. The article considers several winter wheat cultivars differing in susceptibility to leaf rust. It is established, that the increase in the population of brown rust occurs in conditions with limited food resources and it is described by the Ferxulsta function. Monitoring studies allow developing models taking into account the promotion of the parasite and its pressure on wheat cenosis as well as allow building an expert system that optimizes the protection of plants against leaf rust and used to study the behavior of genotypes with different immunological parameters when creating a model class
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionNumerous studies have found a different quality of the buds along the length of the fruit arms, which expressed various degrees establishing embryonic inflorescences in the central buds. It is revealed that many of the grapes have more fruit-bearing eyes formed on average (4-6 knots) and upper (7 to 10 knots) levels of fruit escape, compared to the lower (1-3 nodes) layer. In connection with the different quality of the buds along the length of fruit vines should be used and different ways of cutting them. It is necessary to consider the biological characteristics of varieties, ways of doing and shaping the bushes, the weather conditions of the area during the growing season and relative calm. To receive annually a stable high yield of grapes, we must first set the optimal length of pruning fruit shoots and optimal load on the Bush healthy eyes. This requires for each class on the eve of trimming bushes to carry out the analysis of the wintering holes along the length of the fruit shoots and to identify the embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds, i.e. to carry out the prediction of grape yield next year. The article presents data on the formation of the embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds of wintering buds at the Taman group of grapes – Arcadia, Viorica, Hibernal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Moldova, Pinot white, Riesling, Saperavi, Traminer pink, Tsimlyansky black, Chardonnay. Found higher rates of embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds buds in the studied grape varieties - Chardonnay, Riesling, Viorica, Hibernal, Merlot, Moldova, where the coefficients of fruiting ranged from 1.40 m from Riesling to 1.69 from Merlot; factor productivity of 1.58 from the Chardonnay to 1.77 from Merlo. The high percentage of fruitful buds from 80,8 from Cabernet Sauvignon to 95.6 in the cultivars Merlot and Chardonnay. A higher percentage of eyes with 2 embryonic buds in the cultivars Merlot and Viorica who have this indicator amounted to, respectively: 75,6 and 70.6%. Forecasting a crop of grapes next year to trim the bushes on the proposed method will provide a full crop of grapes
-
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article summarizes results of the research on the assessment of soil erosion effectiveness of crops and the rationale of the practical application of phytomeliorative actions aimed at improving the erosion resistance of slope lands. We have obtained values of the resistance of soils to erosion under agricultural crops and in terms of pure steam and calculated the indicator of the efficiency of soil conservation crops. The tests allowed differentiating the crops on well, poorly and very poorly in protecting forest soils from erosion
-
INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES ON RESISTANCE, METABOLISM AND EFFICIENCY OF PIGS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn order to reduce the impact of stress factors on the body of pigs, new technologies and efficient veterinary and preventive measures in breeding and cultivation are being developed. The results of our scientific and economic experiments found that the use in daily diets of pregnant and lactating sows according to our schemes of biological additives (to finish / day.): Laktobifid (1 g), Immunobak (1 g), Provagen (10 g ) Vetom 1.1 (50 mg / kg body weight), Bacell (0.3% by weight of the feed) and Monosporin (10 mL), contributes to the improvement of their reproductive qualities: for twins - on 2,2-12,2% by krupnoplodnosti - by 8,0-10,7%, for milk - by 8,9- 36,5%, at the preservation of pigs - by 1,3-8,3%, by weight of the nest 2 months of age - 22 , 9-38,9% compared with the control. At weaning piglets from sows experimental groups indicators of natural resistance were significantly higher. The best reproductive performance were observed in sows treated with diet and probiotic supplements Immunobak Bacell combined with Monosporin . The results of these experiments revealed adaptogenic properties of the studied additives, their ability to mitigate the impacts of technological stresses, reducing as a result of the cost of the products. Of great practical importance is the ability to predict the effectiveness of the use of additives which have antistress effect, depending on the body weight of animals, their age, frequency and duration of their application before and after the impact of technological stressors in the suckling period, the periods of rearing and fattening up of live weight and 100 и 120 kg