06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionPeach fruit is much demanded worldwide. The success of its cultivation depends on the optimal plant placement of all the huge biodiversity considering the cultivar demands. The northern boundary of the peach cultivation passes through the Kiev-Kharkov-Rostov-on-Don, Maikop, Nalchik, Grozny, Astrakhan (Witkowski, 2003). However, because of extreme temperatures there are almost no suitable areas for Peach crop cultivation in these borderlands, in the Krasnodar and the Stavropol regions. From the other hand, extreme temperatures for peach cultivation in the humid Russian subtropics were not observed. Spring frosts till -5 ° C were observed in 2004, 2014. However, the cultivar productivity in the region influenced by the duration of low temperatures (7,2 ° C and below) that were observed from December to March. The amount of low temperatures for each cultivar was established using the highest coefficient of yield determination, depending on the temperature, amount of precipitation and the "cooling unit." The yield of peach cultivars is closely linked with the abovementioned agro-climatic conditions during the flowering period. Paired correlation coefficients of yield with precipitation and with temperatures (for most cultivars) were negative, and since they are unregulated value, the flowering phase is crucial for peach culture in the Russian subtropics
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe contents of lead in soils are primarily determined by regional factors: the composition of parent rocks, relief, climate, vegetation. In recent years, these factors have increased the anthropogenic source of element. In order to assess its impact, requires knowledge of the natural, i.e., background lead levels, the so-called reference points, which can later be used to monitor changes occurring in the soil. Under background refers to the content of the element in soils at a great distance from the areas of receipt of contamination. Background content of lead in each type of soil depends mainly on composition of parent rocks. The correlation coefficient between the content of lead in parent rocks and soils, with the background contents is equal to 0,86±0,17 at p=0,95. For each soil type there are low variations in lead content due to the composition of parent rocks. Lead concentrations in the soils increased at the expense of its receipt from the atmosphere, irrigation water, drainage during mining, as a result of agricultural use, lead containing chemicals. Comparing the obtained results with existing currently permissible concentrations (APC, MPC) it is necessary to note that the lead content in leached chernozem soil after three rotations of the rotation may not cause any pathological changes or anomalies in the course of biological processes and lead to accumulation in the agricultural plants, and therefore may interfere with biological optimum
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STUDY OF SOIL WATER REGIME ON VINEYARDS OF ANAPA - TAMAN SUBZONE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionOne of the limiting factors to obtain high yields of grape plantations in Anapa-Taman subzones with good quality is moisture. Grape plant adapts well to a limited amount of moisture in the soil. The penetration of roots deep into the soil horizons may reach 5-6 meters, provided with a moderate density of the soil and the lack of limiting factors such as the presence of ground water and limiting the content of toxic soluble salts. In the course of mathematical data processing we have established a trend of increasing average annual rate of precipitation in the period from 1932 to 2015. In the years when the amount of precipitation for the year exceeds the average long-term performance, the key amount of precipitation in the summer months in a downpour and in a limited area. Average annual amount of precipitation in the period from 1932 to 2015 was 519 mm, the minimum was recorded in 2002 (324 mm), the maximum - in 1981 (800 mm). Despite the general trend of increasing average annual rainfall over the years, moisture deficit is in the soil. Accounting of moisture saving dynamics in the soil in the 2015-2016's indicates the absence of moisture reserves. Optimal soil moisture values were observed only in May and June, and only half meter layer of soil. In the phase of growth and ripening berries (July, August, September) soil moisture content was much lower than the permissible value, which is comparable with the level of wilting point. For the stable-quality grape raw materials it is necessary to pay more attention to the water and the air regime of the soil
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INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX COMPOSTS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionDuring the last century, in the biosphere occur expressed processes of soil degradation due to anthropogenic influence, which seriously change of top layer of soil. The agricultural landscape is allocated of noticeable accumulation of various wastes at expense of growing of food crops and grazing of farm animals, as well as due to mineral wastes generated in process production of building materials and fertilizers from natural raw. According to physical and chemical characteristics of wastes of plant origin and natural-raw wastes constitute a non-toxic highly dispersed connection with an admixture of different undecomposed organic and mineral substances. Specificity of physical state is determined there of high dispersion, which is represented by system particles of colloidal substances distributed in various environments. Colloids of natural-raw wastes are characterized by a low rate of diffusion; do not penetrate finely porous membrane of cell structures, different very nonequilibrium insolubility and specific chemical composition. For example, phosphogypsum is characterized by high concentration of sulfur and calcium, and trace amounts of entire table of D.I. Mendeleev. Organic wastes are made by variety of chemical compounds and high concentration of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other organic substances
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SUPPRESSION OF FIELD THISTLE – CIRSIUM ARVENSE IN SUNFLOWER CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of research in the field of suppression of thistle field Cirsium arvense in sunflower crops under different methods of tillage
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INTRODUCTION FEATURES OF RED OAK (QUÉRCUS RÚBRA) IN MARI EL REPUBLIC
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe research purpose was estimate of the red oak growing suitability in Mari El Republic. To achieve this goal we investigated experienced 44-year-old red oak plantation at the Botanical garden-Institute, determined acorns morphological characteristics of red and English oaks and seedlings grown from them. The evaluation of red oak plantings identified excess of average height and tree diameter in comparison with English oak, but the sanitary condition of both oaks forests was weakened due to the influence of the complex of unfavorable factors. Morphological acorns evaluation showed that the shape factor of acorns of English oak is equal to 1.64, while the red oak is 1.1. Biometrics parameters of red oak bareroote seedlings in the field were higher than English oak bareroote seedlings. In greenhouse biometric parameters of red oak container seedlings had not excess. According to this research, red oak is recommended for use in landscape construction in Mari El Republic
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IMPLEMENTATION OF POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF THE OLD VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article, we discuss issues of morphological and physiological control over plants of winter wheat. As the object of the research, we have selected landraces - the population of winter wheat, which was grown on the territory of the Kuban region in the last century. The aim of this work was determination of the effect on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties of factors such as conditions of cultivation and processing "Cecece 750" 1.5 l/ha D. V. crop retardant. To achieve this goal we have conducted a morphological analysis of the growth cone at the VI stage of organogenesis, which provide quantitative evaluation of potential future seed production of spike of winter wheat. To study the effect of the year of breeding on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties the analysis of variance was calculated according to the scheme 3×7 factorial variability characteristic due to the influence of genotype (factor B), cultivation year (factor A), that is repeated in time is interpreted as the effect of the year conditions of cultivation. The influence of retardant on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties was conducted using the analysis of variance on the above described scheme, 2×7, where the factor "A" is presented in two gradations (options, retardant treated and not treated), in this case, repeated for years was excluded as a factor. The result of researches indicates that the rate of realized productivity is variety-specific and can serve as a measure of the flexibility of the studied cultivars to different environmental conditions. The analysis of variance showed significant retardant effect on the realization of potential productivity in all variants of the crops of soft winter wheat. The comparison of the average general population indicates that the genetic potential of tall varieties may not manifest even in favorable for crop cultivation. The artificial reduction of plant height by inhibiting the growth of retardant is an effective way to identify high productivity of these genotypes as varieties of winter and Nemenchinskaya Old No. 346
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SOIL PRODUCTIVITY OF DRAIN AGROLANDSCAPES DEPENDING ON THEIR MELIORATIVE CONDITION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty particles along the profile, water-soluble humus, mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical and oxidation-reduction properties for cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
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POULTRY MANURE AND ITS USE AS AN ORGANIC FERTILIZER
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWe have conducted a research on the poultry farm of the commodity farm of the educational and experimental farm Kuban of the Kuban State Agrarian University. The chemical analysis of various organic fertilizers is considered in the article. Also agrochemical characteristics of organic fertilizers are given. The composition and properties of the bird droppings of the farm under study were determined for comparison with other organic fertilizers: manure of cattle and pig manure. Since straw is used as the main moisture-absorbing material for composting in the farm under study, straw analyzes were carried out in terms of chemical composition and nutritional content. A chemical analysis of the content of plant nutrients in straw has been carried out. Bird droppings is valuable, a fast full fertilizer. Of all organic fertilizers, bird droppings are the most valuable, both in nutrient content and in their accessibility to plants. The nutrient content in the litter varies depending on the species of the bird, the breed, the age, the method of keeping and feeding, the type of feed and other factors. The chicken manure contains morephosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, than manure of cattle and pigs. The advantage of organic fertilizers in comparison with mineral fertilizers is their long after-effect. As fertilizer a bird droppings surpasses manure at 8-10 times and almost don't concede to equal amount of nutrients of mineral fertilizers by action on productivity of cultures. The norm of introduction of bird droppings is up to 30 times lower, than norm of introduction of manure. Agricultural areas where introduction of organic fertilizers, the list of crops under which fertilizers are introduced were considered. The received results confirm the value of organic fertilizers (bird droppings), and their application enriches the soil with necessary nutrients, increases productivity and quality of grown-up crops
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article deals with the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers in long-term application (for more than thirty years) according to the influence on the fertility of ordinary black soil of the Western Ciscaucasia and productivity of sugar beet. The investigations were carried out in the long-term stationary experiment laid on the experimental stationary section "Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station" of P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute. The experiment was laid simultaneously in time and space in two ten-course crop rotations and combined grain-grass tilled. In the structure of sown areas sugar beet occupied 10% of crop rotation area and was placed after the winter wheat. During three rotations it was studied: 1- control without fertilizer with natural forming level of mineral nutrition; 2- minimal dose N21P26K16 3- medium dose N43P52K33 ; 4 - N43P52K33, 5- high dose N96P104K68; 6- organo-mineral system¹ N43P52K34 + 12 t/ha of manure; 7- organo-mineral system² N20P24K34 + II-III rotations tillage of straw crop + 6 t/ha of manure; 8- medium dose P52K33; 9- medium dose N43K33; 10- medium dose N43K52. The soil which is used by organo-mineral system with increased and high standards of mineral fertilizers had higher concentration of mineral nitrogen. Long systematic application of fertilizer had more noticeable effect on soil phosphorus regime. The provision of soil by exchange potassium tended to decline from rotation to rotation. If at the completion of the first rotation the content of this battery was at the level 362,0-433,0 mg / kg of soil, in 2010, these values were 356,0-405,0 mg / kg of soil, remaining at the level of increased and high provision characterized to ordinary black-soil. Fertilizers for crop rotation provided almost equal yield increase: in the first rotation - 4,9-16,0 t / ha in the second 5,3- 17,1, the third 6,1-15,5 t / ha. In the moderate favorable for moisture and temperature conditions during the first and third rotation (hydrothermal index 0,8- 0,76), the value of sugar beet yield was 30,1-46,1 and 35,7-52,1 t / ha, in comparison with tougher conditions for the second rotation (hydrothermal index 0,41- 1,96) higher up to 2,6-6,5 9,2-16,0 t / ha. Research carried out in long-term stationary experiment showed that long-term use of fertilizers prevents to the loss of soil organic substances, supporting the humus content at the level of 3.95-3.99%, and organicsystems contribute to its reproduction to 4,01-4,21%. soil nitrogen state is stabilized. However, there is a tendency of decrease of the exchange potassium in mineral fertilizer systems. In the conditions of insufficient moisture supply of the northern zone of Krasnodar region the most applicable norm is N60P90R60, both in mineral and organic-systems, ensuring the collection of root crops within 43,0-45,2 t / ha, with an estimated amount of sugar 6,92-7, 14 t / ha. The given systems of fertilizer provide the yield of root crops 53,3-56,0 t / ha with the synthesis of sugar 8,19-8,70 t / ha. Increasing the rate of fertilizer in 2 times from medium to N120P160R120 doesn’t increase the productivity, reduce sugar content of root crop to 0.4-0.8%. It is undesirable to use fertilizer that are unbalanced in nutrition elements in which root crops yield declines from 5.4 to 19.0%, and current biological sugar from 6,1 to 25,9%