06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article gives a brief summary on the results of the introduction of rose varieties of climbing type in the central sub-zone of the Krasnodar region. Starting from the year 2000 in our institute a collection of roses from different garden groups, which includes 164 varieties, has been formed. Presently the rose varieties with long stems (from 2.5 m or more) are popular among specialists of landscape industry and floristlovers. Therefore we carry on introductions and study rose varieties of the groups of Rambler and LargeFlowered Climber. Rose varieties with valuable decorative signs, with enhanceable resistance to cold and drought-resistingness are selected. The valuable varieties and sources of the indicated signs are identified. Varieties of Albertine, American Pillar, Devichiy grezy are the sources of bright flower color; Bobbie James, Dorothy Perkins, Duc de Constantine - sources of long (more than 4 meters) of flexible shoots Warthburg - the source of early flowering. Variety New Daun - one of the few varieties of Rambler, which is characterized by re-bloom throughout the growing season in the conditions of the Krasnodar region. The indicative collection of several rose varieties includes the group of Large-Flowered Climber. A variety called Adzhimushkay is a source of large fragrant flowers of bright and early flowering. For the variety of Crimskiy Motive we noted the presence of a valuable feature - long flowering during the dry season (July-August). Flammentanz was included into the collection as one of the most winter resistant varieties of large-flowered. Promising varieties of the series of Super Rambler in the conditions of Krasnodar in the dry season formed short shoots, and flowers were not formed. Rose varieties included into the collection can be considered indicative of "anchor" genotypes, which are valuable for involvement into the selection process
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OILSEEDS PROCESSED PRODUCTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionSide products obtained during processing of many oil crops, have a high feed value and use in rations of animals and birds. The important thing in feeding poultry is protein nutritional value of forages and their biological integrity, expressed in amino acid composition. In this regard, there was a comparative analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition traditionally used in compound feeds for poultry, sunflower cake, and previously unexamined mustard protein-containing feed concentrate called "Gorlinka". During the research, it was found that the studied new feed additive is better comparing to sunflower meal, considering protein content and essential amino acids
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the conditions of grey forest soils in the Bryansk region among the fodder crops widespread mixed legume-cereal crops. The results showed that the photosynthetic activity of cereals and leguminous crops and their yields in mixed crops depended on made of biological and mineral nitrogen fertilizers. It is established that the nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate has a positive impact on the formation of assimilating leaf surface, photosynthetic potential and net productivity and yield of grain mixture in lupine-barley and soybean -barley cropping and pea-barley crops the use of nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate was more favorable. It was found that in lupine-barley crops the active symbiotic potential has increased by 25,5% and the yield increased by 21,3% , in soybean-barley crops 28,5% and 19,2% respectively, due to the joint use of a mixture of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria and mineral nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate in the dose of N60. In pea-barley agrocenosis it has improved the efficiency of cultivation of joint application of mixed inoculant symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria on the background of the application of mineral nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate in the dose of N60, where there was an increase of the active symbiotic potential by 34,7% and grain yield by 24,7% compared to the option when adding the mixture of biological products
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe results of studies on the influence of different backgrounds and agrochemical pre-sowing treatment with bishofit on the growth and development of sain-foin sand, winter hardiness and productivity of crops under irrigation on light chestnut soils of the Volga-Don interfluve are submitted
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INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON EFFICIENCY OF HYBRIDS OF SUNFLOWER
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionResults of researches on studying of various doses of mineral fertilizers on efficiency of hybrids of sunflower Vulcan, the Arena, the Brio and the Signal are given in article. Researches showed that depending on formation of biological mass of sunflower reserves of productive moisture decreased that was a major factor in productivity formation
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GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF WINTER BARLEY IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF THE KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article deals with a combination of different methods of cultivation of winter barley on the background of plowing, and their impact on growth, development and crop yield. The main technological factors allowing implementing the biological potential of culture are adaptive variety, quality seeds, predecessors, sowing and harvesting, fertilizer, soil fertility, crop care, including protection from weeds, pests and diseases. Barley is the culture of versatile use, which is grown for food and feed purposes. Intensification of cultivation methods of this phenomenon is essential and significantly affects the grain yield of this crop. Under the natural fertility of the soil and favorable weather conditions for black earth of Kuban it is possible to get 3,0-3,5 tons per hectare of winter crops of grain, and this requires the creation of an optimal diet, because one of the main factors affecting the productivity of field crops, including one phenomenon are fertilizers. In addition, the level of soil fertility and protection system of weeds, pests and diseases has great importance. Since these types of issues are relevant for agriculture, we have carried out studies to identify the optimal combination of different methods on growth, development and productivity of a single phenomenon
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the estimation of the dependence of perennial grass herbage’s productivity on the dose and distribution of nitrogen fertilizers during the vegetation, as well as from the dynamics of the species composition by years of use. It was revealed that for cocksfoot-timothy grass mixture an increase in the rate of nitrogen fertilizer for every 10 kg of active ingredient leads to an increase of yield by 0.27 tons/ha. The selection of components of grass mixtures and rational fertilizer doses forms the herbage which provides a yield of about 7,0-12,0 tons/ha of dry mass and 58,1-99,6 GJ of energy exchange. It is established that competitive relations in grass mixtures are exacerbated with increasing doses of fertilizers. The timothy grass develops successfully in a mixture with the cocksfoot with a low level of mineral nutrition (N80). A high level of mineral nutrition speeds up the formation of single-species herbage - the cocksfoot. Meadow fescue grass provides sustainable yields on medium and high backgrounds of mineral fertilizers in combination with the cocksfoot. Recommendations for a nitrogen dose of more than 200 kg per hectare for fertilizing mixed grass crops with the cocksfoot and about 100 kg per hectare for clover-cereals mixtures without cocksfoot are suggested
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MODERN TOOLS OF STATE REGULATION FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article notes that agricultural production is not a self-regulating system. The article highlights specific features of agricultural production and forms of ownership of the major productive resource – land, ineffective policies of promoting development and introduction of innovative technologies. It is noted that the system of measures and tools of state regulation of agricultural production have two directions of influence: governmental regulation of the agricultural market mechanism and industrial governmental support for manufacturers. The authors give classification of methods and instruments of state regulation, liberalization of the agricultural sector in the WTO, levels of aggregate support for agriculture; as well as identifies the key growth areas of the governmental support and discusses the basic institutions of governmental regulation: ownership, legal Institute of economic management and the Institute of organization management. It's pointed out that the current dynamics of the development of agricultural production in our country is determined by four major external factors: the Institute of Western sanctions imposed against our country, Russia's integration into the international market by joining the World Trade Organization, the functioning of the Single Economic Space within the Customs Union, and the necessity of solving problems of import substitution and food security of our country. Implementation of these methods requires significant institutional transformation and transition into the new levels of legal, commercial, and economic regulation with observance of equitable international cooperation. In conclusion, the authors discuss an insufficient level of development stimulation in domestic agriculture
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe created hybrids with new lines and testers were studied in 2014-2015, in the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region and the Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh and Belgorod regions). As a parent forms for selection of early ripening and Medium early corn hybrids there were used lines of various groups of ripeness of the ident heterosis group: Kr 714 Kr 740 Kr 757 Kr 651 Kr and 602. All of these lines had high combining ability, and the line 602 Cr was used as a donor for a quick return of moisture from the grain when ripening. With the participation of the lines from the collection of the Institute and the donor line, we have created four hybrid combinations on the basis of which, the selection was received by the five-year selection of new source material for breeding new hybrids of corn. The assessment of comutiny capacity of new lines was performed using a linetesters of the genetic institute collections of 721MV Cr, Cr 801MV, Kr 654 Kr 244MV, Cr 602MV, Kr and Kr 802MV 752. Lines testers were represented by a heterosis group of Lancaster, Stiff Stalk Synthetic and wide lines with a genetic basis. According to the guidelines of the State strain testing of crops, and as a result of the field experiment, we have calculated the energy savings for new early maturing corn hybrids in comparison with the standard ones. Saving energy for equivalent fuel from new hybrids of corn comparing to the standard for 1 ha of crop was due to their grain productivity and varied depending on the conditions of the Voronezh region from 81.4 to 101.5 kg, in the Krasnodar region it was 79,0-97,9 kg
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article describes the results of studies on elemental composition of corn grain under various fertilizer treatments. The balanced application of fertilizers is an important factor in optimizing corn nutrition on ordinary black soils and obtaining ecologically safe and clean crop production