06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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PRODUCTIVITY, DIGESTIVE METABOLISM IN YOUNG PIGS WHEN USING BENTONITE FEEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionFor further increasing pork production and to increase its quality it is necessary to provide complete and balanced feeding of young pigs for fattening. The special place takes the issue of satisfying their physiological needs in macro and micronutrients. The most cost-effective step in these circumstances is using bentonite clays as natural mineral supplements. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of bentonite of Zamankulskaya field on the energy growth, digestibility and the digestibility of nutrients of the diet of young pigs. According to the results of the survey, the best productive effect was when ensuring free access to the bentonite, so that the young pigs of the 3rd experimental group vs control group had significant superiority according to gross and average daily live weight gain and feed products. According to the results of scientific and economic experience, it was found that with free access to the bentonite best economic and useful indicators were observed in the animals of the 3rd experimental group against the control analogs, as they had significant superiority in terms of absolute live weight gain and feed consumption per unit of production. During the physiological exchange of experience the most beneficial effect on the hydrolysis of complex organic compounds had bentonite feeding with free access of pigs. The result was a significant superiority of the experimental animals over the control ones in coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat and NFE. To improve the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in the diet of young pigs it is advisable to feed them with bentonite clay as natural mineral supplements with free access
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe effect of seeds shapes and sizes to field survival, plant stand, harvesting amount and structure of calendula crude drug were under investigation. Biological feature of calendula is heterogeneous seeds formation, when the same inflorescence forms seeds of various shapes and sizes. The following seeds fractions according to their shapes and sizes were used for sowing: uncinate shaped, crescent shaped as well as unseparated, including, except uncinate and crescent seeds, ring-form and scaphoid shaped seeds. It was discovered that maximum indices of laboratory, field survival of calendula seeds and plant stand were in conjunction with uncinate shaped seeds. Maximum crude drug harvest was in conjunction with the sowing seeds of uncinate shape, varied from years from 2.11 to 2.40 t/h; minimum- at unseparated seeds sowing, varied from years from 1.83 to 2.05 t/h. Crude drug extreme efficiency was determined in 1-3 gatherings by inflorescence weight gain and its quantity increase on the same plant. According to the size of elements of crude drug harvesting structure (inflorescence quantity and mass of the same plant, the same inflorescence mass) the variant of uncinate shaped seeds sowing had advantages
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EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON MEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF PORK GILTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn our country, great influence is given to the production and consumption of agricultural animals' meat with high consumer qualities. In this regard, the livestock producers, particularly pigs, are to increase production and improve product quality. Works on using some natural mineral complexes - bentonite and zeolites as a source of macro - and trace elements are performed. The aim of the research is to study the effects of bentonite feeding with free access on the meat productivity and hygienic meat quality of young pigs for fattening. Best effect on the slaughter indexes of fattening gilts had bentonite feeding with free access that resulted in significant superiority of the animals in the experimental group over the control counterparts on pre-slaughter live weight, slaughter weight, chilled carcass weight, slaughter yield, carcass length, the "muscle" eye area and the backgammon weight. More favorable effect in the longest muscle on the dry matter and protein synthesis was provided by bentonite feeding with free access. Due to this, the gilts of the experimental group were in significant advance of their control counterparts in concentration of dry matter and protein in meat. Along with this, the longest muscle of young pigs on fattening in the experimental group had the highest protein value, as according to the protein-qualitative indicator the animals of this group were in significant advance of the control counterparts. Feeding bentonite clay with free access had a strong detoxifying effect that is against control counterparts of gilts in the experimental group showed the significant reduce of lead, zinc and cadmium concentrations in the meat
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article, we present results of the research of the influence of various processings of soil on accumulation of productive moisture in autumn and winter periods
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IMPROVEMENT OF SEED CROPS IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe main detected problems in selection system and seed industry consist of depreciation of laboratory equipment and specialized technique; the lack of funds and low incentives for creators of sorts; decreasing of volumes of elite and original seeds production in the Krasnodar region; common use of low reproduction seeds in production of grain. The existing stairs of seed multiplication system are examined, as well as their organizational and legal status. Directions of improvement of system of state support in this field are defined on the basis of presenting subsidies and preferences on purchasing of import of highly specialized equipment, provided that there are no domestic equivalent; correction of requirements in order of receipt of support for development of elite and original seed industry. The necessity of creation of united seed selection center of seed industry in the Krasnodar region on the basis of a specialized research Institute (KNISH of Lukyanenko). Though, as the result of providing by center of consistent recommendations on peculiarities of cultivation of sorts and their adaptive placement, maintenance of contractual relations based on principals of franchising, evaluation of sort and sowing index of quality of seed lots and hybrids, will allow to speed up the development of domestic seed industry, increase the quality of corn farming in region
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SOME ASPECTS OF INTRODUCING IN VITRO OF NEW CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS FOR STONE FRUIT CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of the effect of the size of the explant clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops of the Krymskaya OSS VIR VSL-1, VSL-2, LC-52, RVL-1, RVL-7, VVA-1, AP-1 injected in vitro and concentration vitamins and phytohormones in a nutrient medium on the efficiency of introducing in vitro of these rootstocks. The optimal size of the injected in vitro explant was determined and nutrient medium in the first stage of micropropagation was optimized. The optimal size of the dissected meristem, which provides the maximum percentage of explant initiation is 0.4 mm. The modified version of the nutrient medium based on the Murashige and Skug prescriptions with a reduced content of vitamins B1 0.1 mg / l, B6 0.4 mg / l, PP- 0.4 mg / l, and phytohormone 6-BAP - 0.3 mg / l. at the first stage of cultivation of explants of clonal rootstocks for stone fruit crops is optimal. The survival rate of explants in all tested samples of clonal rootstocks on this modified nutrient medium was in the range of 92.5-97.5%
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MOBILE POLLINATION AS A PARADIGM FOR INDUSTRIAL BEEKEEPING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article analyzes the state of the domestic beekeeping. It is proposed, as a paradigm of the industrial beekeeping, to use honey and pollination systems. Over the past 25 years, because the hard economic reforms in the public sector, there was almost double reduction of honey collection. Russian beekeeping is in the hard situation because of the low yields and the use of outdated technologies. Russia's share in the global honey market does not exceed 1 %. A more viable was apiaries of private households. Beekeepers receive a basic income from the sale of honey. Meanwhile, in developed countries more than 60% of the income of integrated use of honeybees account for pollination activities. In modern conditions of the Russian vector of development of beekeeping should be its production and technological re-equipment, improving its bioecological principles and socio - economic transformation of the infrastructure sector. Using mobile honey- pollination systems, which provide bees with feed conveyor due to the frequent movement of the apiary, honey plant and beekeepers can reduce the cost of manual labor for loading and unloading hives. In the Kuban Agrarian University we designed the pavilion design (RF patent number 2,284,103 ), awarded with a silver medal of Concours Lepine (France, Paris ). Using a mobile pavilion allows to conduct all production functions: honey and pollination production and reproduction, ensuring the competitiveness of the industry
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POSSIBILITIES OF USING GROWTH REGULATORS FOR FORMATION OF FRUIT PLANTS YIELD
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe researches were about availability of the appliance of some physiology active matters – aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and melafen for optimization of yield formation for orange and apple trees. Field researches were conducted in 2011-2012 in commercial orchards in the region of Gingin in the Western Australia (climate of the region – Mediterranean, the soil – sandy) and in 2015-2016 in apple orchards of the botanical garden of Kuban State Agrarian University (climate of the region - moderately continental), started in 2006. The article shows expediency of using inhibitor biosynthesis of ethylene of AVG at a concentration from 20 to 60 mg /l when the orange fruit size was 3.0 cm, and the growth regulator "Melaphen" (concentration 1˟10- 9 М) in the second half of the vegetation period of apple plants (for 45-50 days before harvest). The use of treatments in these terms reduces pre-harvest fruit drop and thus increase the economic productivity of fruit trees (apple in - up to 11%). It is noted that a variety of orange called Washington Navel is more responsive to the increased concentration of AVG, than the variety of Lane Late (optimal concentration of 60 and 20 mg / l, respectively). We have shown a wide spectrum of action of the treatment "Melaphen" on apple plants. Along with the retention of the fruit on the tree, it enhances the activity of plant growths in summer and some weakening concerning tabs flower buds as well as the displacement of their development. However, the use of melaphen in this period increases the efficiency of the formation of various parts of flowers and fertilization in the next season. With such results of the adjustment processes of vegetative growth and generative development of plants under the influence of physiologically active substances, it will ensure the formation of relatively high and regular yields of fruits
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USE OF NEUTRALIZED PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS MULTICOMPONENT FERTILIZER FOR RICE CROPS. MESSAGE II
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article shows a possibility of using neutralized phosphogypsum as multicomponent fertilizer for rice crops. In the system of rice fertilization replace of 150kg/ha of ammophos during main application with 40 kg/ha of carbamide and 4 tons/ha of phosphogypsum applied in spring provides the same content of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil and plants as with application of N120P80K60. Application of phosphogypsum in spring before sowing is less effective than application in autumn before plowing. When applicating phosphogypsum in spring 2013 with a rate of 4 t / ha the obtained yield was 0.57 t / ha or 8.98% higher than in the control, and in 2014 it was not different from that obtained with the application of solid mineral fertilizers with a rate of N120P80K60. With autumn application of phosphogypsum increase in yield in 2014 was 0.98 t / ha or 12.6%. Yield growth is the result of increasing the survival of plants, grain content in panicle and grain weight per plant. Use of neutralized phosphogypsum is economically feasible. Relative benefits of using phosphogypsum instead of phosphorus fertilizer (ammonium phosphate) on rice crops in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise SRSF "Krasnoarmeyskiy" named after A.I.Maystrenko, Krasnoarmeyskiy district of Krasnodar region at the optimal rate amounted to 13139.7 rubles per 1 ha
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere was given a review of the results of the study in the conditions of sufficient moisture of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the drug called "TMTDplus", containing Krezatsin growth stimulator in its composition, on the development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middle- maturity population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The soil surface of the experimental station of StavrGAU was presented as leached black soil. The technology of growing of maize on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first (early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t = +15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids – 70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60 thousand pieces/ha, middleripe – 50 thousand piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha. The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to reduce the growing season of maize plants for one - four days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize hybrids and populations, we can largely control the development of plants changing the length of the growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work