06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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FODDER AMINOACID COMPOSITION COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe right balance of essential amino acids and protein is the main condition for the optimization of weight gain, feed conversion and high profits. In VGC "Megamix" the quality of different types of raw full-fat soy, wheat, corn, meat and bone meal and fish was assessed on the content of amino acids on the IR analyzer of FOSSNIR Systems company. Amino acid content in the feed does not always match the average standards of reference. So in the reference data content of methionine, threonine and phenylalanine in wheat, indicated 0.23%, 0.43% and 0.64% respectively, and studied in the laboratory of VGC "Megamix", respectively, 0.24%, 0.45% and 0 73%, that is 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.09% higher of tabular values. The lysine content of the wheat to be investigated in a laboratory and provided in the averaged data was on the same level. Thus, the calculation of the recipes should be carried out taking into account not tabulated values but the actual, which will reduce the so-called "safety stock" to get food of consistent quality and reduce the cost of the cost of animal feed, which in turn affects the economic efficiency of livestock production
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results for the study of productivity and quality of vegetable crops in irrigated chains of crop rotation by using intermediate and green manure crops. The greatest number of units of grain produced in the first variant of the experiment, where in a part of crop rotation cultivated sweet corn, mustard as a green manure for potato and onion planting summer planting seeds in the ground and reached 37.4 tons of grain units. The infection of potato tubers with complex disease was lowest at the control variant and compose 11 %. The highest infection with diseases of potatoes fixed at the intermediate and without the use of Side-General culture and was 18 %, which is 63.6 % more than the control options. When we are using intermediate crops diseases of onion increased by 7,7–15,4 % in case of green manure using. When you include treatment of the soil under the previous culture it was the largest infest with diseases and was 16–17 %, which is by 23.1 and 30.8 % higher than in the control variant. Based on these results, we can conclude that the use of green manure crops and intermediates more favorable effect both on the productivity of the subsequent crops or the quality and marketability
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USE OF NEUTRALIZED PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS A MULTICOMPONENT FERTILIZER FOR RICE CROPS. MESSAGE 1
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionOver the past 15 years due to removal with crops of rice crop rotation, as well as with field waste and seepage water content of mobile forms of boron in soils of rice irrigation systems in the Krasnodar region decreased by 10 %, cobalt by 14 %, manganese by 10 %, copper by 7 %, molybdenum by 15 % zinc by 6 %. Impoverishment of soil with calcium and sulfur is observable. Need of using micronutrients for this crop is also determined by lowering mobility of most microelements in flooded soils. Partly this problem can be solved by use of neutralized phosphogypsum – waste product of wet-process phosphoric acid. With its application in dose of 1 t/ha, field receives 265 kg of Ca, 215 kg of S (general) 20 kg of P2O5 and 9.8 kg of SiO2, so it compensates for the loss of calcium from the rice soil, as well as solves the problem of sulfur, silicon and partly phosphorus fertilizers. Data showing possibility of use of neutralized phosphogypsum as multicomponent fertilizer for rice crops are given. Phosphogypsum reduces sparseness of rice plants in ontogeny, thus forming a dense agrocenosis: plant density is 24-25 pcs./m2 that is higher than on application of N120P80K60. Plants with such agricultural background by their height and leaf area did not differ from control ones (N120P80K60), and their dry weight was higher by 2-6 %. With fertilizer system N120P80K60 application of 4 t/ha of phosphogypsum during main fertilizer treatment provides the same level of phosphorus content in the soil and plants, as application of 100 kg/ha of ammophos. Rice yield increases by 0,57 t/ha or 8,98 %. Yield growth is the result of increasing survival capacity of plants, seed setting of panicle and weight of grain per plant
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CHICK PEAS EFFICIENCY IN HENS FEEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article presents the results of the chick peas use instead of sunflower cake, in feeding young and adult livestock hens-layers of the cross "Hajseks brown". The researches were carried out in the JSC "Agrofirm Vostok" of the Nikolayevskiy district in the Volgograd region. The sunflower cake replacement with legumes - chickpeas as the part of the experimental animal fodder for young and adult livestock hens-layers had a positive influence on productivity, physiological state of the birds, product quality and economic performance. Chick peas’ use in young hens feeding improves live weight at 1.03-4.68%, egg production in 0.99-4.7%, the average weight in 0.99-3.75% and eggs quality indicators. Morphological and biochemical indices in experimental young hens and laying hens in all the groups were within the physiological range, indicating normally occurring redox processes in the body of a bird. However, the chick peas’ application in fodder for experimental young hens and laying hens contributed to the increase of total protein, calcium, phosphorus content in serum compared with counterparts in the control group that received sunflower cake. As the researches result, the economic effect in the experimental groups was 833.01-3821.87 rubles
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CREATION OF INITIAL MATERIAL FOR BREEDING OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES TOLERANT TO SMUT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe key task of the agriculture in Russia is the further improvement of grain production. Thus, prevention of losses of winter wheat yields because of the diseases remains relevant. The significance of varieties tolerant to diseases, especially to smut (fungus) is of primary importance. Therefore, it’s essential to create initial material for breeding of the varieties tolerant to smut. According to the results of the trials with artificial infection with pathogens, among the samples of winter wheat there have been identified varieties belonging to different groups of tolerance to smut. They are a highly sensitive cultivar ‘к-69361’ (Korea), a sensitive variety ‘Izyuminka’ (Russia), moderately sensitive variety ‘Asket’ (Russia) and almost tolerant variety ‘1621/03’ (Russia). We studied the reaction of the hybrids F2 on infection with smut in different variants of hybridization to obtain stable progeny. The correlation between the number of infected plants in parent and hybrid (F2) populations have been considered. The productive tillering of the plants has been determined in all variants of the trials; it was the least one on the plants with 100% of infected leaves. The hybrids F3 and F 4 have been distributed according to the degree of their tolerance to smut. For further work we have selected the lines with practical resistance to smut (fungus)
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REVISITING THE RICE SALT RESISTANCE (REVIEW)
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe total area of saline soils of rice irrigation systems in the Kuban region reaches almost 80 thousands hectares. Salinization and alkalinization here become a limiting factor for cultivating rice and companion crops. In this regard, the tolerance of plants to soil salinity is a current problem of plant breeding that attracts the attention of many agricultural researchers whereas it is necessary to increase the yield in saline soils. Salt tolerance of crop plants is defined by a combination of properties which are based on the specific adaptation mechanisms. These mechanisms differ in nature and are associated with different levels of structural organization of the plant – from molecular to organismic one. The study of adaptation mechanisms at different levels of structural organization of plants is very important for increasing yield in saline soils. This article is a review giving a detailed analysis of plant salt tolerance research, particularly rice, which addresses the issues of inhibition of plant growth under saline conditions, the mechanisms of salt tolerance, the achievements and development of this branch of scientific research, as well as the application results of work found in the scientific literature
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TECHNOLOGICAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE MEASURES OF FIGHT WITH DEFECTS AND DAMAGES OF DAMS MADE FROM SOIL
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article we have proposed the technology of repair works using improved soil mixture sifting the rubble and ash using soil mixture installation and without it. For prevention of occurrence of defects and damages we have offered an antifiltration device in the form of screen and core from compacted obliquely pulled layers of impermeable soil
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe features of seeding and vegetative reproduction of Hibiscus Syrian (Hibiscus syriacus L.) in the South regions of Russia are accounted in the article. It is shown that the not sorted Hibiscuses reproduce better by seeds. Sowing is made before winter (November). The young growth appears on April-May of next year. The seedlings of first-year are wintering badly in the open soil; therefore, it is better to keep them in the basements in sand. When one-year seedlings are planting next spring we receive the standard seedling in the autumn this year. Planting material of high quality of Hibiscus Syrian was grown by means of inoculation and by the grafting method. It is recommended to execute an inoculation in the first tenday period of September. It is possible to execute the reproduction by means of inoculation in case of deficit of shoots of high quality plants and for the rapid fixing of sort. It is preferable to reproduce a Hibiscus Syrian by wood shoots in the frames or by green shoots in the unheated greenhouses in an autumn-winter period. The best results in the carried out research were got at planting shoots for further growth in the containers at the greenhouses with creating of shadow in a summer period. The high speed of shoots growth in the containers of cv. Duc de Brabant, cv. Woodbrige and cv. Russian Violet varieties are observed. The vegetative mass of shoots of cv. Speciosus, cv.Carneus Plenus and cv. Red Heart varieties increases more slowly. A conclusion follows, that the studied crop must take the deserving place in the assortment of decorative bushes of plant nursery farms
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NEW VARIETIES AND FORMATIONS OF GRAPES ROOTSTOCKS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the modern wine growing, for fighting against root phylloxera an inoculation of European-Asian grapes varieties on rootstocks steady against this wrecker is used. In this article we present the information about the types of rootstocks of domestic and foreign breeding used in the modern branch of wine growing. The area of their use is described; the useful properties of rootstocks and their demerits are highlighted. The purpose of this work is creating new grapes rootstocks which wouldn't have the merits of existing rootstocks. The short description of the grapes rootstocks which were created in the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and winemaking such as AZOS-1, AZOS-2, AZOS-3, AZOS-4, AZOS-5 and AZOS-6 is given in the article. It is indicated that these rootstocks have a high resistance to a leaf form of phylloxera, to chlorosis and to some other diseases of a grapes bush. They have the short period of vegetation, high quantity of standard cutting from hectare and other useful properties. In the article the description of a new formation of rootstocks grapes bushes of "AOS- 1" and "AOS-2" with a free trail shoots is given. This construction of grapes bush is developed by the Anapa's Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and winemaking. We have also given all the advantages of this forming in comparison with other designs of grapes bushes. It is especially noted that use of this forming of bushes increases the productivity per men in the process of bushes scrap and preparation of cutting; the expenditures on the struggle against diseases and wreckers on the vineyards are reduced; the quantity standard of grapes cutting increases by 27-33%
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INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN USING DIETARY SUPPLEMENT IN RATIONS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIt was experimentally established, that the inclusion dietary supplements, based on whey in feed mixtures for broiler chickens improves digestibility and nutrient digestibility of feed, which has a positive effect for live weight of poultry