06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER BARLEY IN LEACHED CHERNOZEM CONDITIONS OF KUBAN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article discusses the various technologies of cultivation of winter barley at two ways of main tillage (recommended and zero-level) with different backgrounds of soil fertility, fertilization rates, protection from weeds, pests and diseases. Consistent improvement of soil fertility and other fertilizers resulted in an increase in crop productivity. Nutrition is the basis of life of a living organism, including plants. The value of crop yield and its chemical composition depend on the conditions of nutrition. It is achieved with the optimum combination of light, heat, air, water, food, etc. In this connection, in the development of methods of cultivation of this crop, we may not only increase the yield of grain, but also pay due attention to the quality of cultivated products. Thus, studies in the experiment showed that the intensification of cultivation technology of one phenomenon substantially and significantly affects the productivity of the given culture
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article discusses the results of the study to determine the impact of different primary tillage and herbicide against weeds in winter wheat agrocenosis. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and surface treatment) factor A and herbicide (Lancelot) factor B on the agro-physical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period of winter wheat in 0-100 cm of soil layer didn’t depend on the method of tillage. Introduction of herbicide Lancelot boosted the moisture reserves in soil compared to the control type, in the herbicide-free type the weeds absorb the large amounts of moisture. Surface soil treatment did not have negative effects on soil agro-physical properties and its structure in comparison with moldboard plowing. Number of agronomically valuable aggregates on moldboard plowing is 85.2 - 87.5%, on surface one is - 86.2 87.5%. Density of composition and waterproof aggregates under surface treatment didn’t defer to tillage. Accumulation of wet and dry mass by weeds regardless to the way of soil tillage declined to a minimum when introducing the herbicide Lancelot. The high yield of winter wheat was obtained on this type. Mathematical processing results have shown that due to factor A (main soil tillage) to moldboard plowing the average productivity is 57.5 kg/ha, on surface one is 56.0 kg/ha, i.e. the difference between treatments is 1.5 t/ha (with NSR05 on factor - 2.9 t/ha) is insignificant. To factor B (herbicides) on control the productivity is 54.5 kg/ha, introduction of Lancelot increased the productivity to 59.5 t/ha, i.e. the increase was 5.5 kg/ha at NSR05-by the factor B-2.9 t/ha, i.e. is significant. Thus, the present soil treatments had no effect on yield of winter wheat in ordinary black soil. The use of herbicide Lancelot has produced the harvest increase in 0.5 t/ha on average for 2 years
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the studies on the effect of the processing of grape variety Saperavi with a growth regulator called Vimpel with water soluble and foliar fertilizers of new generation - Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium silicon, both in pure form and in a tank mixture. Processing of bushes was performed three times: after flowering, growth phase of berries (berry of a pea), the beginning of ripening berries. We used Vimpel drug and foliar fertilizers such as Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium-silicon, both in pure form and in conjunction with Vimpel; it led to a significant increase in weight of the bunch, bush crop and planting yields. The smallest yield increase was provided by Vimpel. However, the combined use of this drug on a background of Kelik silicon- potassium foliar fertilizer and Nutrivant plus led to a greater increase in yield from the bush than when used fertilizers only. Processing of bushes by Vimpel in combination with a foliar application of Kelik potassium-silicon not only led to a significant increase in crop yields from the bush and plantations, but in two cases of the three it contributed to a significant increase of the mass concentration of sugars in the juice of berries. Using Vimpel, together with Nutrivant plus foliar application for two years out of three promoted maximize yields (23.4 and 18.4%) with a decrease in sugar content, and in one year - an increase in the harvest of 10.4%, with a significant increase in mass sugar concentration (1.92 g / 100 cm3 or 9.2%). Thus, the processing of Saperavi grapes with a growth regulator called Vimpel and water soluble foliar fertilizers of new generation - Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassium and silicon is an effective method of increasing the yield and quality of Saperavi grapes
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article we consider the influence of agricultural technologies of cultivation of winter crops on existence of various forms of heavy metals in an arable layer of earth in the conditions and their accumulation in grain production. The gross content of compounds of copper in an arable layer of black leached soil is above background values (maximum concentration limit 1,5-1,7), a share of the fixed connections makes 75 %. The gross content of zinc exceeds background value for chernozems (1,25 clark). The correlation of the water mode of the soil and the content of mobile compounds of heavy metals in an arable layer - a straight line for Cu and the return for Mn , Pb, Cd and Co. Supplement of an arable layer of earth with mobile forms of copper, zinc and cobalt low, manganese - corresponds to the average level. Speaking of the degree of actual mobility the studied elements settle down in sequence: Cd> Mn> Co> Pb> Zn> Cu. Degree of potential availability decreases among: Zn> Mn>Pb> Co> Cu. The existence of Mn, Cu, Zn and Co in grain of wheat is lower than maximum concentration limit, and accumulation of Pb and Cd is higher than maximum concentration limit in grain production for baby food for 10-15 %, that increases individual risk of death to the maximum permissible level
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QUALITY OF GRAPES AND WINE OF SAPERAVI DUE TO APPLICATION OF LIGNOHUMATES OF THE GRADE "В"
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere was given the review of the results of the study in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region of the influence of the treatment of vines of Saperavi of lignohumates of the grade "В" (“LG-B Bio”, “LG-B Best Bio”, “LG- Best L”) on the quality of must and wine materials. The technology of the grape cultivation on the experimental plot corresponded to the adopted technology which is used in the JSC "Pobeda" of Temryuk District and was widely accepted for the keeping of fruit-bearing plantations of the zone of uncovered viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at the optimum terms and were of high quality. Vines of the third- year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0 x 1,5 m. The forming is a one-sided Guyot with a height of the trunk in 60 cm. On bushes there was formed the same load shoots and clusters. There were carried out the treatments of grape leaf surfaces by the solutions of lignohumates twice: the 1st – before the flowering and the 2 nd in the beginning of the formation of berries (in 20 days after the first one). The spraying was carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting of the grape harvest and the sampling for the determination of the quality of must and wine materials (10 kg per each type) was conducted in September 20, 2012. The technological and physical-chemical analyses were carried out in the shop of mini winemaking and in the accredited testing laboratory of the grape processing of the scientific center of the winemaking SCSRIHGG of the RAAS. The preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super Bio" and "LG-B Best A" as grape growth regulators have the equal and stable effect
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CHICK PEAS INFLUENCE ON POULTRY’S NUTRITIONAL ELEMENTS DIGESTIBILITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article presents the results of the chickpea effect in feeding young and adult laying hens of "Hajseks brown" cross on their productivity and nutrient digestibility of feed. Studies have been conducted on the JSC "Agro-firm Vostok" in Nikolayevsky district of the Volgograd region. Complete or partial replacement of sunflower oil cake by chickpeas as part of feed for the experimental pullet hens improves nutrient digestibility coefficients compared with the control pullet group. The balance of nitrogen was positive in all groups, the use of nitrogen taken from guinea pullets was higher than in the control group at 0, 27-0,74%. Use of chickpea in the composition of feed for laying hens increases the digestibility coefficients of nutrients: dry matter - to 1,17-3,25%, organic matter - to 1,62-3,37% crude protein - to 0,45-1, 77%, crude fiber - to 0,72-1,05%; crude fat - to 0,35-1,55%, compared with chickens, hens in the control group. The use of nitrogen from the digested was1,37-2,13% higher in the experimental groups compared to analogs of the control group. The use of calcium and phosphorus for the formation of eggs was also higher in the experimental groups
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DEVELOPMENT OF MICROFLORA IN APPLE ROOT RHIZOSPERE WHEN FERTILIZING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe problem of environmental safety of agricultural products and agro-technical measures is very urgent now. Various agrochemicals are widely used in agricultural production: plant protection preparations, fertilizers, stimulants and plant growth regulators, etc. One possible solution of this problem may be a partial replacement of mineral fertilizers by bacterial ones. The aim of our research was to determine the effect of different fertilizers and methods of their application on the quantity of microorganisms in the apple root rhizosphere soil. The research was carried out according to conventional methods. In our experiment, we determined the number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the roots of apple trees, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves; hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in soil and crop yield. The highest yield was obtained by fertigation in our research. Application bacterial fertilizer to the soil ensured yield increase at the level of mineral fertilizer application. Application of fertilizers in general, in the studied application rates provided optimum level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the leaves and soil. By use of fertigation and bacterial fertilizers were high and relatively stable numbers of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of the apple trees. The number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere had a positive correlation with yield and the content of nutrients in soil and in leaves
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe purpose of this research is to assess the ability of reclamation plantations of walnut and black nut to accumulate heavy metals in phytomass – leaves, shoots, fruits. The studies were conducted in the Rostov region, as well as in the Krasnodar and the Stavropol regions
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionInfluence of fertilizers and the feed areas on seed efficiency of Glyaysdorfer elkerbison pumpkin on dark-chestnut soils of Rostov region has been revealed. Recommendations to manufacturers for obtaining the greatest crops of seeds of pumpkin are offered
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere was given the review of the results of the study in the arid zone of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the drug called "TMTD-plus", containing the growth stimulator Krezatsin in its composition, on the development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middlematurity population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The soil surface was presented as southern black earth. The technology of growing of maize on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first (early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t = +15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids – 70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60 thousand pieces/ha, middle-ripe – 50 thousand piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha. The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to reduce the growing season of maize plants for one - two days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize hybrids and populations, we can largely control the development of plants changing the length of the growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work