06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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HORIZONTAL STRUCTURE OF STAND OF TREES IN MID-SIBERIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionResults of the long studies of the horizontal structure of different plantings in Mid-Siberia are presented in article. The horizontal structure of the plantings is characterized with significant variety of trees placing. Maximum full (normal) plantings of pines with uniform structure are characterized by casual trees placing. The modal plantings of pines with determined probability were characterized by group placing of trees. Cedar and fir plantings with different structure have a group distribution of trees and young plants that is normal for the nature of these woods.
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STATE PROTECTIVE FOREST STRIP "CHERKESSK - ELISTA - VOLGOGRAD"
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAfter World War II, in 1946, our country understands the problem - a terrible drought. To protect themselves against such disasters in the future, on October 20th , 1948, by the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks a resolution "On the plan of shelterbelts, the introduction of grass crop rotation, construction of ponds and reservoirs to ensure high crop yields in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the European part of the USSR " was adopted, later known as the "Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature". During the years 1950- 1965 it was planned to create the next big state protective forest strips from Saratov to Astrakhan on both banks of the Volga River; - in the direction of cities and towns: Penza - Ekaterinovka - Veshenskaya - Kamensky, in watersheds of the rivers Khoper and Medveditsa, Kalitva and Berezovaya; in the direction of cities Kamyshin - Volgograd, in the watershed of the rivers Volga and Ilovlya; in the direction of towns Chapayevsk - Vladimirovka; in the direction of cities Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd; - in the direction of the mountain Vishnevaya, Orenburg, Uralsk and the Caspian Sea on the banks of the Ural River; in the direction of cities: Voronezh - Rostov - on - Don; on both banks of the Don River; on both banks of the river Seversky Donets from the city of Belgorod to the Don River. Strips were created in the steppe and forest steppe areas. It was the first, in the history of humankind, largest environmental program of impacts on the climate of the huge territory, designed to protect permanently fertile agricultural lands from harmful dry winds, dust storms, lack of moisture and soil erosion. We have studied the site of the State protective forest strip "Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd" located in the "Kuban forest districts" of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. In this area the analysis of taxation indicators was made, the dynamics of change in the stock of plantations connected with age was studied
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn clause in quality most favorable in the ecological relation of the ground for creation of a wood in the given territory it are represented of ground of easy mechanical structure in view of their water-physical properties and climatic conditions.
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PEAR AS A SOURCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FOR PRODUCTS OF FUNCTIONAL PURPOSES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionBiochemical quantitative and qualitative indices of pear fruit have been investigated in six varieties of pears grown in Prikybanskoy horticultural zone of the Krasnodar region. The investigation has been done with pear fruit in the stage of maturity for harvesting and after 90 days after storage in refrigerator. Quantitative content of dry matter, sugars, vitamins C and P and fraction pectin content in fruits and squeezing of fruits as well as changes in the process of storage have been established
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HUMUS STATE OF SOILS IN CROP ROTATIONS OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURE ON COMMON BLACK SOILS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionBased on many years balance studies, the possibility of humus stock maintenance in common black soils for crop rotations of different structures is given in the article. Fertilizer omitted crop rotations with bare fallow and without it, with perennial legumes and small variations in parts of other crop are considered
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INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON FORMATION OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article is concerned with the results of research on influence of extra root treatment of seedings by physiologically active substances on productivity and formation of winter wheat grain quality.
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAn experiment was conducted to examine the effect of fatty acid concentrate (FAC), as a new source of energy and carnitine on performance, physiological condition and meat quality of broiler chickens. In experiment there were four groups of 80 chickens of cross Hubbard each (males: females=40:40) in age period 0-41 days. 1 group (control) received in during the periods 0-14, 15-28 and 29-41days, sunflower oil (SO) respectively 5.34%, 5.50%, and 6.10%, group 2 received the same amounts of FAC instead SO, 3 group - mixture SO:FAC (50:50), 4 group -FAC + 0,25% carnitine. Final body weight: 1 group = 2574±29 g, 2 group FAC= 2553±27 g 3 group SO + FAC = 2531±34 g., 4 group FAC+0,25 carnitine = 2520±34 g. Feed conversion, digestibility of nutrients, blood hematology and biochemistry, the condition of organs, meat quality and cutting of carcass of chickens on FAC had no any differences from the same signs in chicks on SO. Carnitine had a positive effect on chicken growth only in the period 0-14 and less 15-28 days; in the period 29-41 days daily gain was below, than that in 1-3 groups. Canitine reduced the content of liver fat. Outcome: FAC is a satisfactory source of energy, comparable with vegetable oils. The price of FAC is 30% lower in comparison with sunflower oil and soybean oils, therefore its use in broiler poultry farming instead of vegetable oils will be of great economic importance
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DIMITRA - A NEW GREEK-RUSSIAN HIGH QUALITY WINE BLACK BERRY VARIETY OF GRAPE
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe Dimitra variety is a hybrid, which was made as the result of Greek and Russian scientific collaboration in Greece, by Pantiley Zamanidi and Leonid Troshin in 2001 by hybridization of Aigeogritiko variety and Merlot. On its morphological characteristics it is included in the group of the Black sea varieties (convar. pontica subconvar. balcanica Negr.). The production period is 146-155 days. The leave is middle or big, black-green, five lobes, deep dissected. The middle weight of bunch is 300 g, the form is cylinder conical, middle density or friable. The berry is middle, not colored, with low labrusk taste. The yield is high. The sugariness is high. The quantity of seed in the berry is one or two. It has higher frost resistance; drought resistance and higher steadiness to mushroom diseases compare with the parents varieties. The variety is using for making desert dry red wine of outstanding quality
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents three-year data on the influence of different fertilization systems and predecessors (corn for silage and peas) of winter wheat in the rotation on the dynamics of content in the 0-20 cm layer of black leached soil of mineral nitrogen, of available phosphorus, of potassium, and yield of winter wheat. The materials presented in this article indicate that, regardless of its predecessor in all phases of plant development, the under study fertilizer systems significantly increased the content of mineral nitrogen on the indicators of natural agrochemical background on 1,1-29,3 mg/kg; maximum contents was registered in the settlement system of fertilizer. After a seeded fallow predecessor the fertilizer systems significantly increased the content of available phosphorus in the soil at 1,5-16,6 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium in the 6-57 mg/kg. The maximum indices of both indicators were observed in the settlement system of fertilizer. Analyzed fertilizer systems contributed to a significant increase in wheat yield relatively to control 0,82-2,24 t/ha on a busy couple 0,74-1,6 t/ha for maize silage, 1,44-2,42 t/ha peas. Maximum productivity of winter wheat in the experiment was fixed at the fertilizer system after a busy couple, and was 6,19 t/ha
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DYNAMICS OF CATALASE ACTIVITY IN THE LEAVES OF APPLE TREES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe research was conducted studying the effect of various system of foliar fertigation on catalase activity in the apple orchard with drip irrigation in 2013-2014. The object of research were apple trees of Zhigulevskoye variety grafted on rootstock 62-396 in experimental intensive apple orchard of I.V. Michurin FSC which had been planted in 2007. During vegetation, the following indices were determined in apple tree leaves in dynamics: catalase activity by gasometrical method of M.I Lishkevich on the 3rd and 5 th day after treatments, the content of nitrogen (Kjeldahl method), phosphorus (KFK-3), potassium and calcium (Jenway PFP-7). Data were statistical processed according to the generally accepted methods described by B.A. Dospekhov. It has been established that foliar fertigation increased catalase activity on the 3 rd day after treatment, which then decreases to normal values. So, treatments acted as a stress factor. Correlation of catalase activity with nitrogen content in the leaves increased, and with calcium content decreased as the number of megafol mixed with calcium calbit treatments was enlarged. Using tank mixtures for multiple treatments with combination of antistress preparations and calcium-containing agrochemicals allows to moderate significantly the stress effect of foliar fertilizing on plants