06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
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ACHIEVEMENTS IF WINTER PEA BREEDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionWinter pea is being bred at Krasnodar in the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. An alternative pea variety Legion has been bred and included into the National List of Varieties. The article presents the description of the first winter leafless pea varieties - Zimus and Fokus, which have been passed to the National Variety Testing System in 2011
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DEPENDENCE OF THE PRODUCTIVITY AND THE QUALITY OF WINES FROM THE PLANTING PLAN
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe dependence of the productivity of the Riesling Rennel vineyards and the quality of table wine from it under the conditions of the Anapa-Taman Winegrowing Zone was studied. It is established that the vineyards of the Riesling Rhine variety are planted with the highest yield, planted according to the scheme of 3.5x1 m. In this embodiment, at a density planting shrubs 2857 pcs. / Ha, the yield of grapes was the highest - 131.4 c / ha. Maximum accumulation of sugars in the grapes observed in the variants with a width of 2.5 m aisle highest extract content from different wine stocks options with row spacing of 2.5 m where the amount of extractables amounted to 17.1 - 19.2 g / dm3 . The increase in the total concentration of aromatic compounds of up to 540 mg / dm 3 helps to improve the quality of white table wine, and further growth of aromatics to 1090 mg / dm3 - it reduces the organoleptic evaluation. High tasting marks (7.88-8.29 points) received wine materials from sites having a spacing of 3.5 m. Thus, considering the quality of the wine, the cost of planting material, laying and care of vineyards, it is worth considering the 3.5x1 planting scheme , 5 m more suitable for the production of quality table wines in the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture in the south of Russia
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionElements of the cultivation technology of winter wheat variety called ‘Antonina’ with the application of different backgrounds of soil fertility, norms of fertilizers, system of plant protection from weeds, pests and diseases were studied. The studies are conducted in a polyfactorial stationary experiment: factor A - soil fertility; factor B - system of fertilizers; factor C - plant protection system; factor D - methods of basic soil cultivation. In the experiment four models of soil fertility levels were studied: А0 - the initial (natural background); А1 - average (200 kg / ha Р2О5 and 200 t / ha of litter manure); А2 - increased (doses are doubled); when А3 - high (tripled). Based on the studies it has been established that to obtain a stable yield of winter wheat, an increased dose of mineral fertilizers should be used, which also ensures high grain quality indicators. The maximum yield increase of 37% was achieved on varieties in comparison with extensive technology. A significant increase of the protein content in the grain from 12.8 to 15.3% and gluten from 22.0 to 27.8% was found in the intensive technology - triple doses of fertilizers (NPK) and the use of integrated protection against diseases, pests and weeds. The introduction of high doses of mineral fertilizers contributes to the accumulation in the soil and grain of nitrogen, and also reduces the content of copper and zinc
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DEPENDENCE OF VALUABLE TRAITS OF CONFECTIONERY SUNFLOW SEEDS ON POPULATION DENSITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionDevelopment of confectionery sunflower openpollinated varieties (OP-varieties) is a prospect direction in sunflower breeding. High price level for confectionery sunflower seeds pushes forward the breeding program. The aim of our work is to study dependence of main valuable confectionery seed characteristics from plant density and to identify sunflower samples, which decrease seed size at minimum level under high plant density. The study was done at All-Russia Oil Crops Research Institute (VNIIMK) named by V.S. Pustovoit (Krasnodar) in 2015 and 2016. Seeds of different biotypes of OP sunflower variety called Dzhinn were used as a material. Samples were sown with 2 replications. Every plot had 1 row. The highest yield of OP variety Dzhinn was obtain under plant density 60 000 plants per ha. 1000-seeds weight decreased with increasing plant density up to 60 000 plants per ha. Prospect for future breeding samples were identified which not decrease the level of valuable traits under higher plant density
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe impact of anthropogenic pollution on soil phytotoxity and on triticale plants in Vladikavkaz suburb was investigated in the work. The objects of the study were sod-gley leached soils and different varieties of triticale plants. The research was conducted in 2010-2011 at the Department of Biology of Gorsky State Agrarian University. The article gives data on microelements content in soils and plants within the range of influence of Vladikavkaz industrial enterprises. There was a marked change of miroelements’ mobility in soil and activity of their penetration into plants during fertilization. The sort characteristics of microelements’ accumulation in vegetative mass of triticale were researched. The conducted research is informative for soil and plant condition monitoring in anthropogenically polluted environment. The work indicates the increasing danger of microelements (including heavy metals) accumulation in soil and their inclusion in biological cycle in concentration that is too toxic for plants, animals and people during the usage of fertilizers, especially their high doses. The most dangerous among heavy metals are mercury, cadmium and lead. We used MPC rate of excess to estimate the content of these metals. The results of the research can be used in soil and cereal plant condition monitoring and diagnosis and in development of regional environmental regulation
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PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF SEED SELECTION NOWADAYS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the author’s insight into the theoretical foundations of plant breeding for self-pollinators and cross-pollinators. From the author’s point of view, plant breeding techniques depend on a type of pollination, population propagation and isolation from other variety pollen. Adaptive properties of crops are described as ones depending on a genetic type (genetically pure lines, populations, hybrids, pure varieties and clones). The key role of seeds in preserving a plant variety, or a cultivar, is emphasized. In the article, cultivar and yield qualities of seeds are characterized. The reasons for seed deterioration and yield decrease have been looked into. Improvement of main crops such as wheat, barley, rye, rice, soybeans, maize, triticale, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets is characterized in detail. The author shares the traditional point of view on the seed breeding program. It includes following steps: development phase (breeder’s seed), maintenance phase (in which a quantity of seed is maintained under high standards) and the distribution phase (production of commercial seed for distribution to the public). The difference between primary and secondary seed selection is explained. The best periods for crop rotation and crop renovation are also described. The legally enforceable standards of quality and genetic purity for different crops are presented in the article. It is pointed out that it is vital to maintain high cultivar qualities after multiplication and distribution of the new variety. Only large-scale pedigree system for seed production promotes it
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThere was given a review of the results of the study in the conditions of sufficient moisture of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the drug called "TMTDplus", containing Krezatsin growth stimulator in its composition, on the development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middle- maturity population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The soil surface of the experimental station of StavrGAU was presented as leached black soil. The technology of growing of maize on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first (early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t = +15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids – 70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60 thousand pieces/ha, middleripe – 50 thousand piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha. The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to reduce the growing season of maize plants for one - four days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize hybrids and populations, we can largely control the development of plants changing the length of the growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionOn the basis of the data gathered from various districts of Medial Siberia it is mounted, that at trees of the Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) for associations d1.3 =f (dп) and dп =f (d1.3) a build-up of the uniform normative (even at level of a wood band) leads to the significant magnitude of errors, but can be used at study of blanket regularities
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn article the review of results of studying a contamination of crops of mid-season hybrid of corn Valentin depending on option of the main processing of the and herbicide processing (in common Harnes with Luvaram and Titus with Harmony) under conditions of sufficient moisture zone of the Central Ciscaucasia is given.
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WINTER HARDINESS AND EFFICIENCY OF THE WINTER RAPE DEPENDING ON TERMS AND NORMS OF CROPS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn this article, the results of researches of the influ-ence of terms and norms of crops of a winter rape on growth and development of plants, winter hardi-ness and productivity of cultures in the changed environmental conditions of Rostov region are re-sulted