12.00.00 Law sciences
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THE CONTENTS OF BUILDING LEASEHOLD
DescriptionThe article is devoted to one of the most disputable categories of jurisprudence – to the contents of Building leasehold. In the article there has been presented the research of the legal nature of the institution of building leasehold (superficies). There have been traced the particulars of formation of the Roman legal (classical) model of building leasehold and the interpretation of this institution in foreign civil legislation. It has been noted that certain countries apply the classical Roman model of building leasehold while others use the model of "the shared property" of the land plot and of the piece of the estate built on this plot. There was conducted the analysis of the German model inheritance law of building leasehold on the basis of which there was made the conclusion about its independent nature and uniqueness. The historical and the comparative legal methods of the research have enabled to identify the essential differences of the employed models of building leasehold and the specific features of their application in the countries of roman-germanic law and in the Commonwealth of Independent States. There have been studied the approaches of the domestic civilized doctrine in terms of building leasehold and the specific features of its implementation in the draft version of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. There has been affirmed that the draft version of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation admits the existence of the two models of the building leasehold: the design one and the classical one. There has been applied critical approach to the analysis of the design model of building leasehold in comparison with its Roman and Germanic legal constructions; there have been presented recommendations for its improvement. It is proposed to abandon the temporary ownership of the premises in the building constructed based on the Treaty on the law of the land. We proposed to replace it with a specific property right – "right of superficies". Its essence consists in the right of possession and use of facilities of a building constructed in accordance with the Treaty on the law of the land
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COERCIVE MEASURES OF EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
DescriptionAt the present stage, the juvenile legislation of the Russian Federation is going through a period of formation and determination of dominant purpose. The need for the regulation of emerging gaps and inaccuracies was reflected in the overall situation of juvenile delinquency in Russia. By eliminating errors and defects, we solve questions about the future of young and irresponsible people who have made a mistake and need proper correction and education
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Description
In the article, we analyze the measures that the lawenforcement authorities of the Soviet Russia and the USSR undertook against the process of bringing the criminal income into the economy of the country and using it for the destabilization of the economy and supporting criminal activities. This work reveals the true essence of criminal funds and the degree of its danger to the state and society. The author suggests that the present-day crisis in the state and political order is, largely, related to the criminogenic component of the country development, i.e. the criminal revolution in Russia in the mid 90-s of the XX century. The criminality has always been a serious problem for the society, but only in some countries it reached the level when it became a threat to national security. The factor contributing to such situation is, in the first place, the lack of action on the part of the society and the state. This allows the criminality to penetrate in all social and public institutes and create the political and economic chaos. For obvious reasons, such social context results in the dissolution of the state and the formation of smaller state structures, the introduction of external control, the loss of sovereignty and the annexation of its territories by more powerful states
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Description
In modern Russia, there were not created key institutions of political and social development needed to involve young citizens in political and legal life, and very serious criticism is "the effectiveness of judicial reform" and the results of combating systemic corruption, without which it is difficult to count on the impact of the decrease in the level of political and legal nihilism among young people. The review of related problems and approaches to their solution are addressed in this article
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ABOUT THE SUBJECT OF INTERROGATION OF THE EXPERT IN THE COURT
DescriptionIn the article the problematic issues of evaluation of expert evidence during his interrogation in the court have been considered, the scientific literature has been analysed, the viewpoints of leading forensic scientists and processualists on this issue have been considered. The issues of evaluation of the expert evidence remain relevant and currently under the conditions of realisation of the adversarial principle of the parties in the criminal proceeding. In the study, the need to specify the subject of interrogation of the expert has been emphasized, as well as the recommendations on its carrying out in the court session. The suggestions with regard to optimization of interrogation process of the expert in court have been expressed, namely the expert's petition in the court for the advance granting of the list of questions in the written form and rejection of questions which do not require the use of special knowledge and equate the procedural status of the expert to the status of the witness
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ABOUT CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR THE CRIMES CONNECTED WITH EXTREMIST ACTIVITY
DescriptionThe article deals with criminal liability for crimes related to extremist activity. Different points of view regarding the classification of extremist crimes are analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the consideration of the judicial-investigative practice concerning the application of criminal responsibility for the commission of this type of crime. The authors formulated proposals for improving the current criminal legislation in the field of combating extremism
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Description
In the article, the author analyzes the aspects of the investigative activity of the investigator to locate the stolen property, provides the scientific approaches to the structure and content of investigative versions; the authors assess the relationship of the investigative versions and typical investigative situations; propose the algorithms of actions of the investigator in tracing stolen property with regard to various investigative situations
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Description
An analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and other regulatory legal acts relating to the investigation and operational investigation team activity shows that the head of the investigative and operational group exercises, among others, the organizational and managerial function. Consequently, these powers are not limited to procedural functions alone. In the proposed article, the author examines what these functions are and how they influence the procedure for investigating crimes
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ORGANIZATION OF THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES AGAINST THE FAMILY AND MINORS
DescriptionThe article describes main questions of the organization - the analytical process at the initial stage of the investigation of crimes against the family and minors, particularly targeting investigated, initial investigation, shows the features of the initial stage of investigation of trafficking in minors, child substitution and illegal adoption
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CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR FRAUD IN LENDING
DescriptionThe article deals with the causes of the motivation growth among the population to commit fraud in lending. The article covers the problem of differentiation of a special type of fraud in the area of lending to the general composition of fraud under Art. 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the sanctions of Art. 159.1 of the Criminal Code. The author considers the problem of differentiation of criminal punishment for fraud in lending, which is stipulated by a special regulation in relation to Art. 159 of the Criminal Code. There is a proposed calculation of the fine, which should be based on the amount of the damage, and must be proportionate to it. The problem of distinguishing Art. 159.1 of the Criminal Code from the related elements of a crime under Art. 176 of the Criminal Code has been considered