06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
In the experiment, we have studied the effect of the use of an intelligent spreader on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers used to feed winter wheat in ordinary chernozem. The studies were carried out in the production conditions of land use by AO SHP Kolos in the Kochubeyevsky district. In this article, we have examined the effect of a sprayer (Amazone UG 3000 Nova) and an intelligent mineral fertilizer spreader (Amazon ZA - TS - 4200) using touch sensors to determine the NDVI development index on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizing winter wheat. Based on the experiments, it was found that, on average, over the two years of the study, the largest increase in the yield of winter wheat grains was noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonia nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the intelligent fertilizer spreader Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 according to the NDVI - 6.53 t / ha. The highest structural indices of winter wheat grain yield were also noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index. So, the height of plants increased by 16.3 cm, the number of productive stems per 1 m2 by 37 pcs. The number of grains in the ear - by 5 pcs., The weight of 1000 grains - 0.8 g. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that in the conditions of land use by JSC "Agricultural Enterprise" Kolos "of the Kochubeyevsky District of the Stavropol region when planning the harvest of winter wheat - 6.5 tons / ha, it is advisable to use in the first and second top dressing of ammonium nitrate with a dose of 150 kg / ha, using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the conditions of the Piedmont horticulture zone of the Krasnodar region and the shape of the crown on the productivity of apple trees. Objects of study were trees of winter apple varieties Idared and Renet Simirenko grafted on MM 106 rootstock. The trees were planted according to the 5 × 3 m pattern. In the eighth year, the rounded crowns were transformed into flattened across the row (from the eastern and western sides of the tree) to crown width 2.0 ... 2.5 m. Orientation of rows was from east to west. The garden is located on the northern slope with a slope of 3 degrees. Scheme of experiment: option 1 - sparse-tier crown (control); option 2 - flattened crown. In the experiment, 2 variants; in each variant, 10 typical trees were taken. Repetition tree plot. The place of the experiment is Abinsky district of the Krasnodar region. Agrocounts of indicators of fruiting of apple trees were carried out according to generally accepted methods, statistical processing of research results was carried out by the method of analysis of variance described by B.A. Dospekhov. The results of our studies showed that flattening the crown of apple trees contributes to an increase in the number of fruits formed on them per unit volume of the crown in the variety Idared to 10.1 kg or 1.87 times, and per m2 of the projection of the crown to 15.5 kg or 1.72 times more than crowns without flattening. In the variety Renet Simirenko, the number of fruits according to the same indicators increases by 1.86 and 1.74 times. Also, when flattening crowns, the yield of apples from one tree in the Idared variety increases by 9.6%, and in the Renet Simirenko variety decreases by 7.7% compared with the control
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article studies the effect of various agricultural practices on the yield of two sunflower hybrids (Fortimi and N4LM 408) in the experiment. The studies were carried out in the central zone of the Krasnodar Region on the experimental fields of the JSC "Agrocomplex", Vyselkovsky district in 2018-2019. The experience was laid down according to the triple experience scheme (factor A - the primary soil cultivation techniques; factor B - sunflower hybrids; factor C - herbicides). It was found that with the change of technology (the method of soil preparation and the use of herbicides), the weed infestation of crops changed and a minimum number of them was noted on the variants where postemergent herbicides were used (Euro-Laytning and Hermes). The maximum yield was obtained using chisel and disk plowing with the treatment of sunflower crops with the herbicides Euro-Light and Hermes. There was an increase in yield compared with plowing and these changes are mathematically valid
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MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF BIOHUMUS AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of the study of microbiological composition of biohumus and humic substances obtained by fermentation method according to the technology developed by the authors. The problem of processing livestock wastes is caused on the one hand by the occurrence of large volumes of them, and on the other hand by the addition of such important elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., which can be used as bioelements. The goal of research was to develop a technology for the production of humic compounds from biohumus and to study the microbial communities that occur in them. Results of researches showed that for biohumus with high content of humic substances, bovine manure must be composted with chopped straw at the ratio of 8:1. Biocomposting of manure and crushed straw using the developed technology enables to obtain biohumus containing humic substances of 20 g/l. Among the physiological groups of biohumus microorganisms, the most numerous groups are aminoautotrophies and ammonifiers - 231.6×106 and 130.33×106 CFU/g, respectively. At the same time the grouping of cellulose-decomposer actinomycetes in biohumus was quite numerous and amounted to 0.93×103 CFU/g.
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORN DEPENDING ON THE DENSE OF THE STATION OF PLANTS AND SEED DRILLER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article gives an overview of the results of a study of the growth and development of corn in the conditions of the Northern zone of the Krasnodar region depending on the density of plant standing and seed treatment. The object of the research was an early-ripe hybrid of Ross 199 corn. Two factors were studied in the experiment: factor A - plant stand density (60, 70 and 80 thousand units / ha), factor B - seed dresser (Maxim XL (k) and Maxim Quatro). The subject of research is included in the thematic plan of scientific research of the Department of General and Irrigated Agriculture of KubSAU. The total area of the plot is 1008 m2, the accounting area is 672 m2. The number of rows in the plot is only 8, including accounting - 4. plots The plots are placed systematically. Repeating: 3-fold. The predecessor is winter cereal crops (wheat). The counts and observations in the experiment were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The studies have established that the duration of the interphase and vegetation periods of corn plants depended on the density of plant standing, and with the thickening of crops, it decreased, and protectants did not affect this indicator. In all phases of determination, the maximum height of corn plants was noted with a plant standing density of 80 thousand units / ha. The studied dressers Maxim XL and Maxim Quattro had practically no effect on height. The diameter of the second internode decreased with thickening of the crop
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IMPROVING THE CHEMICAL METHOD OF CONTROLLING WEEDS ON SUNFLOWER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
Currently, there is no effective chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop, except for systems that provide for the use of herbicides called Evro-Laiting, Zonator or Express. The disadvantage of these systems is the limited composition of cultivated sunflower hybrids and high costs. The article presents a research on the development of an effective system of chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop. The greatest effect in the suppression of weeds in sunflower crops was observed by application of the herbicides Goal 2E and Senator on the germination of crop. In these versions of the experiment, the highest seed yield and oil harvest are also noted. However, the use of the Zonator is limited only to drug-resistant sunflower hybrids. The use of the herbicide Goal 2E is possible on any varieties and hybrids of sunflower. Despite the damage to the first two real sunflower leaves when using the herbicide Goal 2E for vegetation, the plants are fully restored, which does not significantly affect the productivity of the crop. The proposed schemes for using herbicides can improve the technological and economic efficiency of controlling monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in sunflower crops
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PERSPECTIVE STRAWBERRY VARIETIES FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
We have studied 17 strawberry varieties due to their economically valuable traits: the number of berries (pcs per plant), average fruit weight (g), biological yield (g per plant), firmness of fruit (g). Among the studied varieties is 6 - Honeoye, Alba, Belrubi, Asia, Nelli, Bogota are zoned varieties; 3 - Djeni, Elegia, Kemia is a new varieties of local selection and 8 an introduced varieties from the EU - Joly, Onda, Galia, Vivaldi, Rumba, Florence, Alina, Molling Opal. The purpose of the work is to identify the strawberry varieties which are promising for industrial production in the south of Russia among new strawberry varieties of local selection and introduced varieties. Based on two-factorial analysis of variance according to 2018-2019 studies there were revealed significant differences between the genotypes of varieties for all studied parameters. It is shown that the greatest differences in the variability of traits are observed by the “year” factor. The varieties were ranked according to the values of the smallest significant difference for each individual trait. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis on a complex of traits we have identified strawberry varieties which are showing the prospect for industrial cultivation. In the new varieties of strawberries as Joly, Vivaldi and Rumba the values of yield and quality of berries are comparable to the best zoned varieties, such as Nelli, Asia and Bogota
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ASSESSMENT OF FROST RESISTANCE IN WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article presents the results of the research on the evaluation of frost-resistant varieties of winter barley. Frost resistance is the main criterion for winter hardiness of winter crops. To promote the area of cultivation of winter barley in colder areas, production needs high-hardy varieties. Recently, due to the warming of the climate in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region, it is almost impossible to reliably and accurately determine the winter hardiness of winter crops in natural (field) conditions. In this regard, breeders in their work, in order to identify frost-resistant forms, use the method of direct freezing of breeding and collection material. During our research, the evaluation of the test material was carried out using a modified method developed by academician V. M. Shevtsov. This method allows the most accurate and efficient determination of the critical temperature for a particular sample in a short period of time. Varieties and lines were placed in the EKSI refrigeration unit for a certain period of time. Then they were taken out, and at the end of time, the percentage of plants before and after freezing was calculated. As a result of the conducted research, we have selected highly frost-resistant forms that differ in a complex of economically valuable features and properties
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DETECTED GRAPE VARIETIES OF AFGHANISTAN
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The article reports in color on the characteristics of the three varieties and their clones that are common in Afghanistan. In the process of ampelographic screening of vineyards in Afghanistan, three varieties previously undescribed in Russian literature under the local names Aita, Gundyan and Shandyhani were discovered. Their identification by ampelographic and ampelometric characteristics made it possible to establish the original Aita variety, the Gundyan variety as a synonym for Guladan and Shandyhani as a synonym for the world famous Sultanin, or Kishmish. The described varieties are quite common in Afghanistan, reputable in economic returns and are still promising for cultivation in their country, where they are successfully used in the manufacture of dried products and high-quality diet juices. To identify the impact of various environmental conditions on the growth, development, quantity and quality of the crop, these varieties must be tested in all zones of different ecological and geographical areas of cultivation
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
Description
The problems of automated control of the technological processes of crop production and the tasks of supporting the adoption of managerial decisions at each stage of the production cycle have become even more urgent in view of the processes of transformation, globalization and digitalization of the economy, which have recently become widespread. The agricultural sector of the economy of the Russian Federation is no exception, because agricultural products, especially crop production, are of strategic importance and are the basis of food security in our country. In this scientific project, the problems of agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar region, in particular, in the field of management processes, its information and software, were investigated. At this stage, it was determined that the measures taken to increase labor productivity at the agricultural enterprises of the Krasnodar region and the automation of technological processes in crop production were not complex, therefore, they had a slight effect on the efficiency of the industry. Studying the IT services and software market made it possible to draw a well-founded conclusion that decision-making support processes in crop management, especially issues related to the justified choice of crop cultivation technology, rationalization of a crop rotation system, analysis of a history book of crop rotation fields, calculation of dosages of organic fertilizers for a deficit-free balance of humus, are not covered by the funds of software systems offered on the market. As a result, the demand for industrial analytical systems and, in particular, integrated automation systems for managing crop production processes for agricultural enterprises is forming in the software market. Therefore, the development and implementation of a computer decision support system for managing crop production processes, based on mathematical models for analyzing and evaluating the economic efficiency of crop cultivation technologies, crop rotation rationalization models, data analysis models for crop rotation field history books, models of optimal selection of crop protection products plants and fertilizers has become very relevant. These studies can be considered priority and highly demanded, as they are directly related to one of the fundamental directions of the modern development of agricultural production - the study of the problems of development and implementation of an integrated automated information system for crop management. The article is devoted to the theoretical justification and feasibility of the practical implementation of the software module for accounting and analysis of data from the e-book of the history of crop rotation fields, which is part of the developed automated crop management information system
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