06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the experiment, the effect of the use of an intelligent spreader on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers used to feed winter wheat in ordinary chernozem was studied. The studies were carried out in the production conditions of land use by AO SHP Kolos in the Kochubeyevsky district. In this article, we examined the effect of a sprayer (Amazone UG 3000 Nova) and an intelligent mineral fertilizer spreader (Amazon ZA - TS - 4200) using touch sensors to determine the NDVI development index on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizing winter wheat. Based on the experiments, it was found that, on average, over the two years of the study, the largest increase in the yield of winter wheat grains was noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonia nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the intelligent fertilizer spreader Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 according to the NDVI - 6.53 t / ha. The highest structural indices of winter wheat grain yield were also noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index. So, the height of plants increased by 16.3 cm, the number of productive stems per 1 m2 by 37 pcs. The number of grains in the ear - by 5 pcs., The weight of 1000 grains - 0.8 g. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that in the conditions of land use by JSC "Agricultural Enterprise" Kolos "of the Kochubeyevsky District of the Stavropol Territory when planning the harvest of winter wheat - 6.5 tons / ha, it is advisable to use in the first and second top dressing of ammonium nitrate with a dose of 150 kg / ha, using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the experiment, we have studied the effect of the use of an intelligent spreader on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers used to feed winter wheat in ordinary chernozem. The studies were carried out in the production conditions of land use by AO SHP Kolos in the Kochubeyevsky district. In this article, we have examined the effect of a sprayer (Amazone UG 3000 Nova) and an intelligent mineral fertilizer spreader (Amazon ZA - TS - 4200) using touch sensors to determine the NDVI development index on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizing winter wheat. Based on the experiments, it was found that, on average, over the two years of the study, the largest increase in the yield of winter wheat grains was noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonia nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the intelligent fertilizer spreader Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 according to the NDVI - 6.53 t / ha. The highest structural indices of winter wheat grain yield were also noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index. So, the height of plants increased by 16.3 cm, the number of productive stems per 1 m2 by 37 pcs. The number of grains in the ear - by 5 pcs., The weight of 1000 grains - 0.8 g. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that in the conditions of land use by JSC "Agricultural Enterprise" Kolos "of the Kochubeyevsky District of the Stavropol region when planning the harvest of winter wheat - 6.5 tons / ha, it is advisable to use in the first and second top dressing of ammonium nitrate with a dose of 150 kg / ha, using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe work shows the effect of the Regalis preparation on the formation and biochemical composition of organs of apple tree plants (using the Gala variety as an example). Experiments were carried out in 2016-2019. Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Planting bookmark - 2007. Tree planting scheme 4.0 × 1.0 m., Irrigation - drip. The soil of the study area is ordinary chernozem (carbonate). It was found that under the action of treatments with the Regalis preparation significant changes are recorded in the structure of fouling wood and the area of the sheet apparatus. The use of a growth regulator helps to accelerate the completion of tree growth processes. This is evidenced by a decrease in the content of IAA in the tops of shoots, by 12% in comparison with the control. The “Regalis” had a significant impact on ensuring the stable fruiting of plants of the Gala apple tree. The annual one-three-time treatment of trees with this preparation in a dose of 1.25 kg / ha provided a stable increase in yield to 14.2-16.3 kg from one tree. Moreover, on average for four years, the best results were recorded in the variant with 2-fold treatment with Regalis (16.3 kg-tree). Further analysis of the yield and commercial qualities of the obtained fruits showed that two and three-fold processing contributed to the production of fruits from 38.5 to 40.8 t / ha, which is 10-11.7 t higher than the control, while increasing the yield of marketable fruits up to 13.3 - 14.0 tons
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents data from 3-year observations of the weather conditions influence on the effectiveness of applied fertilizers in the crops of the Yantar variety of coriander on leached black soil (chernozem) under the conditions of land use at the training and experimental station of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The materials presented in the article indicate that the agrometeorological conditions of 2016 and 2017 as a whole were most favorable for the formation of a coriander crop. As studies have shown, the amount of precipitation during the spring-summer period of the growing season of the crop was 337 mm, which is 11% higher than the long-term average. The year 2018 in terms of climatic indicators turned out to be significantly worse than the previous two years, the amount of precipitation during the coriander vegetation period turned out to be 125 mm or 58% lower than the long-term average, which significantly affected the crop yield this year. In the most optimal agroclimatic indicators in 2016, the maximum increase in crop productivity was noted on the N60P60K60 variant - 0.49 t / ha, on the same option in moistened 2017, the increase level was 0.39 t / ha. Last year2018 was marked as extremely arid, the maximum increase in coriander yield was noted on the option with P60 and amounted to 0.35 t / ha. It was established that the maximum increase in the yield of coriander oil seeds on average in the experiment on leached chernozem was achieved with the options: P60 is 0.37 t / ha, N60P60 is 0.41 t / ha, N60P60K60 is 0.34 t / ha, which significantly higher than other fertilized experience options. The economic efficiency of the coriander seeds production, depending on the types and combinations of minerals, turned out to be most effective when applying a single mineral fertilizer, P60, compared with other options for experience, an increase in profit to 17500 rubles and the level of profitability of production by 23%
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INFLUENCE OF BASIC PROCESSING AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON AGRIBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF WINTER BARLEY
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral fertilizers and basic tillage in the technology of cultivating winter barley on its agrophysical properties. Object of research - plants of winter barley cultivar called Rubezh. Soil - typical low-humus heavy-duty leached chernozems. In the experiment, the influence of two factors on the formation of the productivity of winter barley was studied. Factor A - the method of primary tillage: option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chisel for 20-22 cm; option 3 (A2) - disk peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct sowing). Factor (B) - fertilizer rate: option 1 (B0) - without fertilizing (control); option 2 (B1) - recommended norm N40P40 + N20; option 3 (B2) - double norm N60P60 + N40. According to the data of our experiments, the general orientation in the technology of cultivating winter barley has been revealed, during the entire growing season, the height of its plants decreases while the tension of its main processing decreases - from 89.6-90.3 cm for deep processing to 87.7 cm for surface processing and up to 73.7 cm at zero. Moreover, the type of tillage did not affect the stem of winter barley plants of the Rubezh variety. At the same time, on all tillage options, one can notice the dependence of the height and density of the stand on the dose of fertilizer application - from 80.6 cm in the control to 84.4 cm at the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers and up to 91.4 with a double. It was also noted in relation to the density of plant standing - from 335 pcs / m2 in the control to 358 pcs / m2 with the recommended dose of mineral fertilizers and up to 376 pcs / m2 with a double
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE HEFK GROWTH REGULATOR ON THE CROP YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies the influence of the plant growth regulator of the retardant type called HEFK (AS 480 g/l of etephone) on the yield and structural elements of winter wheat of Moskovskaya 39 variety under the conditions of the OAO Veryakushi Agricultural Entreprise, located in the north-eastern part of Diveyevo region on gray forest medium loamy soil. Field studies were being carried out for three years: from 2016 to 2019. We studied different application rates of HEFK: 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 l / ha. The processing of winter wheat crops was performed in the phase of the beginning of exit into the tube. On average, over 3 years, the indicators of field germination of seeds and the survival rate of plants at harvest were good and amounted to 88.4-89.2% and 80.1 - 81.3%, respectively. The processing crops by HEFK in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha, showed the highest crop yield of - 4.07 and 4.12 t / ha, which exceeded the control rate by 0.29 and 0.34 t / ha, respectively. The growth regulator did not showed a significant effect on the density of the productive stem. At the same time, the treatment of HEFK crops in doses of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha showed an increase in the spike productivity by 0.121-0.133 g due to an increase in spike grains by 3 pcs. In the variant with a HEFK use rate of 1.0 l / ha, the weight of 1000 grains increased by 0.6 g compared to the control rate. An increase in the dose of the growth regulator significantly reduced the height of wheat plants from 72.1 cm in the control group to 48.0 cm in the variant with a product application rate of 2.0 l / ha. The spike length in the variants with the application rate of HEFK of 0.5 and 1.0 l / ha was at the control level - 7.0-7.1 cm, whereas an increase in the dose of the growth regulator to 1.5-2.0 l / ha showed the decrease in the length of the spike by 0.5-0.8 cm. When using growth regulator HEFK resistance of crops to lodging varied from 4.7 till 5.0 points
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the article, we have studied the influence of biological nitrogen deposition on the physical and chemical parameters of natural semi-sweet wine, on the example of two grape varieties – classic European Chardonnay and interspecific hybrid Ekaterinodar, including amino acids and aroma-forming components. It is established, that the use of the proposed technology contributes to the active consumption of amino acids by yeast in the fermentation stage. At the same time, yeast cells consumed most actively alanine, valine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartic, aminobutyric, glutamic acids, leucine, lysine, Sirin, tyrosine, threonine. A slight increase in the concentration of amino acids was observed at the end of fermentation, when the yeast cells entered the stationary phase of development. However, the content of all amino acids, with the exception of Proline, in the wine material was less than in grapes and fermenting wort. As a result of biological nitrogen deposition in experimental versions, the concentration of nitrogen compounds (total and amine nitrogen) was three times less than in the control ones. There is a difference in the concentration of flavor-forming components in wines prepared from both grape varieties using different technologies. In experimental versions, we observed a greater accumulation of almost all components of the aroma-binding complex (especially esters, terpenes, phenylethanol, and ionone), with the exception of higher alcohols. Experimental samples of natural semi-sweet wines from the Chardonnay and Ekaterinodar grape varieties were characterized by a bright floral and fruit aroma and had a higher tasting rating in comparison with the classic technology
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APPLE ROSETTE DISEASE IN NORTH CAUCASUS PLANTATIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of a study of the apple tree rosette disease found in a collection garden and having a viral nature. The rosetting has typical signs of manifestation. Sick plants develop narrow small chlorotic leaves. Rosettes of leaves on the upper cervical and lateral shoots are formed as a result of the convergence of internodes. The spread of the rosetting in the planting reaches 10-11 %. The prevalence of viral disease varies among the 44 varieties of apple trees of different ecological and geographical origin. So, the lesion of rosetting was noted on single trees in the varieties of Gala Redi Red, Fujiko, Red Free, etc., and it was a complete defeat in the variety of Piros. A different degree of the manifestation of the disease on the trees was established: from partial manifestation on individual shoots, to aggressive damage to the entire crown of the tree. On young trees bearing fruiting (3-4 years from planting), the rosetting reduces the yield of apple trees by 36 %, ¼ part of the fruits on the trees are small in size compared to the fruits of healthy trees. The infectious nature of the rosetting is confirmed by the transfer of the disease on the most affected Piros variety using summer budding
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BIOTECHNOLOGY OF IMPROVEMENT AND PRESERVATION OF NATIVE DON GRAPE VARIETIES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of microclonal reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties, the creation of basic nursery. In addition to the culture of apical meristems, we have developed a chemotherapy using salicylic acid. A method of decontamination of plants from mycoplasma infection has also been developed, which includes the introduction of the antibiotic Cefotaxim in the nutrient environment at a concentration of 50 to 450 mg/L, depending on the degree of infection of plants. Adding to the nutrient medium of the drug Emistim reduces the death of meristems from infection by 3-5 times, improves their differentiation. The use of the drug Melafen helps to improve morphogenesis and quality characteristics of plants. The high survival rate of meristems during adaptation to non-sterile conditions has been noted. Biological testing on herbaceous indicators showed no chronic diseases. Plants after adapting to non-sterile conditions are planted, in the form of vegetative seedlings with a closed rootsystem, on the basic nursery. The survival rate of plants was 70-80%, in some varieties it is higher: 96.4% (Sypun black) - 98.6% (Krestovsky). It has been proved that in vitro clonal microbreeding there is no change at the genetic level even after 8 years of cultivation, which confirms the reliability of the developed technology of reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties in vitro
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BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOME EASTERN ASIAN PLANTS UNDER INTRODUCTION IN THE SOUTH OF PRIMORSKY KRAI
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article summarizes the results of long-term cultivation of east-asian plants in the arboretum of the Gornotayezhnaya Station of the FEB RAS. For the most resistant and decorative species we have indicated: degree of winter resistance, shoot formation and perspective group. Regeneration of the vegetative mass in introduced trees and shrubs after severe damage by low temperatures depends on the spawning capacity of plants. In each species, the degree of shoot formation is its biological feature and can vary greatly in different plant species. The most east-asian species have a high or medium degree of shoot formation, good indicators of winter resistance and of generative development (bloom, fruiting). The tested east-asian species of plants are characterized by high adaptive potential, which makes it possible to recommend them to a wide culture in the southern Primorye. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the introduction stability of east-asian plants in the conditions of the southern Primorye. Тhe method of the integral assessment of the viability and perspective of introduction on the basis of visual observations, developed in the department of dendrology of the GBS, P.I. Lapin and S.V. Sidneva, was used to determine the perspective groups of the introduced species