06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
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ASSESSMENT OF FROST RESISTANCE IN WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the research on the evaluation of frost-resistant varieties of winter barley. Frost resistance is the main criterion for winter hardiness of winter crops. To promote the area of cultivation of winter barley in colder areas, production needs high-hardy varieties. Recently, due to the warming of the climate in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region, it is almost impossible to reliably and accurately determine the winter hardiness of winter crops in natural (field) conditions. In this regard, breeders in their work, in order to identify frost-resistant forms, use the method of direct freezing of breeding and collection material. During our research, the evaluation of the test material was carried out using a modified method developed by academician V. M. Shevtsov. This method allows the most accurate and efficient determination of the critical temperature for a particular sample in a short period of time. Varieties and lines were placed in the EKSI refrigeration unit for a certain period of time. Then they were taken out, and at the end of time, the percentage of plants before and after freezing was calculated. As a result of the conducted research, we have selected highly frost-resistant forms that differ in a complex of economically valuable features and properties
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EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF L-EXPRESS FOOD AGROCHEMICAL
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the study, there is an estimation of the biological effectiveness of the agrochemical called “L-express food L-Express-Mangamino”, based on buckwheat. As a result of the research, it was found that non-root feeding of buckwheat plants: the first - in the branching phase, the second-in the budding phase with organomineral fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: l-Express-Mangamino contributed to immune modulation and increased plant adaptability to stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature. Powdery mildew, ascochitosis, false powdery mildew, gray rot spread on the experimental versions did not receive. The use of organic fertilizer L-Express-Nutrition brand: L-Express-Mangamino had a significant impact on the safety of plants. The safety of plants when using fertilizer at a dose of 1 l / ha was 72%, 1.5 l / ha-74.3%, 2 l / ha-75.2%, which is higher in comparison with the control by 0.9%, 3.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Balanced nutrition of buckwheat plants during the growing season contributed to an increase in the number of stems, inflorescences, the number of seeds per plant of buckwheat, the weight of 1000 seeds, increase productivity by 1.1-1.2 times. The positive effect of agrochemicals on the quality of buckwheat grain was established. The size increased when using increasing doses of agrochemicals by 1.0%, 3.1% and 5.2%, respectively, relative to the control
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the production of seeds of sugar beet hybrids, based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), we use single-fruited male sterile (MS) and ungrown fertile pollinator (Fp) plants as components of the cross. Sugar beet has a two-year development cycle. In the first year, root crops intended for growing seeds are formed, in the second year, a rosette of leaves grows from the vegetative roots of the root crop, and flowering stems grow from the generative buds. The article presents the planting method for seed production of MS of sugar beet hybrids under irrigation during summer thickened sowing. This method allows you to grow root crops-plugs with a yield factor of planting material 1: 6, 1: 7. We have also considered technological methods for growing root crops-plugs of the parent components of MS sugar beet hybrids on irrigation. The features of moisture supply and mineral nutrition systems were studied. The techniques of sowing technology and the formation of density of planting, care of crops, as well as methods for the protection, harvesting and storage of mother beets, contributing to the production of high-quality planting material, have been developed
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THE RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF COMBINED UNITS IN THE CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIssues related to the use of combined aggregates in soil preparation are relevant and of scientific and practical interest. The relevance is increased when it comes to the cultivation of the main crop – winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results on the efficiency of using combined aggregates in preparing soil for winter crops are important primarily from a practical point of view. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of long-term stationary experience in the Federal state budgetary institution «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy», Zernograd, Rostov region. The article considers the efficiency of using the combined unit APK-4, developed in "SKNIIMESH" now Federal state research institution of the «Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy» in the cultivation of winter wheat. The structural and technological scheme of a combined unit, the technological process of which consists of several technological operations performed at the same time, is justified. Disk working bodies crush plant residues and destroy weeds. This creates a network of cracks in the underlying soil horizons. Next, there are flat-cutting working bodies that loosen the soil to a set depth. The root system of weeds is pruned, the remaining loosened soil layer is loosened to the required depth, the formation of a smooth bottom of the "furrow", and the separation of erosive soil particles to the bottom of the furrow. Next, the roller starts working – a lump-crushing sealer, which provides crushing of soil lumps on the surface and sub-compaction of the treated layer. The last in the technological chain is a mulching roller, which provides the formation of a compacted seedbed for seeds with simultaneous mulching of the compacted soil layer. The use of the combined unit in the technology of winter wheat cultivation allowed to reduce the number of technological operations by 1,5-2,5 times, increase the productivity of winter wheat by 11-13% and the cost of production by 10,4-18,3 %
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DETECTED GRAPE VARIETIES OF AFGHANISTAN
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article reports in color on the characteristics of the three varieties and their clones that are common in Afghanistan. In the process of ampelographic screening of vineyards in Afghanistan, three varieties previously undescribed in Russian literature under the local names Aita, Gundyan and Shandyhani were discovered. Their identification by ampelographic and ampelometric characteristics made it possible to establish the original Aita variety, the Gundyan variety as a synonym for Guladan and Shandyhani as a synonym for the world famous Sultanin, or Kishmish. The described varieties are quite common in Afghanistan, reputable in economic returns and are still promising for cultivation in their country, where they are successfully used in the manufacture of dried products and high-quality diet juices. To identify the impact of various environmental conditions on the growth, development, quantity and quality of the crop, these varieties must be tested in all zones of different ecological and geographical areas of cultivation
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article considers the types of functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. We have substantiated the necessity of developing methodological bases for ensuring and managing the stability of reproduction processes. Methodological bases for managing the stability of reproduction processes have been developed, taking into account the specifics of industrial fruit growing as a complex organized system, consisting of biological, technogenic and economic subsystems. We have also proposed an algorithm for ensuring and managing the sustainability of reproduction processes, which is the basis for the development of digital technologies for managing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial production. The work reveals and defines factors influencing the level of sustainability and efficiency of reproductive processes, the relationship and interaction between result indicators and factor variables; it identifies emerging imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing. Using methods of mathematical statistics, we calculated an integral indicator of the functional stability of reproductive processes and gave its semantic interpretation. It was found that the structural elements of reproduction processes are inconsistent with the actual indicators that characterize functional stability, with the normative parameters. This trend makes it necessary to develop a mechanism for managing sustainability and tools for influencing functional zones in order to bring actual indicators to the standard level. When developing tools for sustainability management, the following were clarified: management methods, process goal setting, functional load of the management object, level of organization, various restrictions (criteria) related to the specifics of technological and economic relationships and mutual influences. We have developed a mechanism for ensuring and managing the functional stability of reproduction processes in industrial fruit growing by its types, including the following stages: automated database formation; cognitive analysis of the influence of factors on the functional areas of influence by types of stability; assessment of functional stability and justification of the integral indicator; filling in, compensating for missing information, generating information data; determining the optimal parameters of functional stability; developing regulators for leveling functional imbalances in the organization of reproduction processes that ensure effective and sustainable management of industrial production
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe work is devoted to studying the nature of the effect of various doses of the drug called "Regalis" on the formation of the vegetative and generative organs of apple plants. Years of research - 2016-2019 Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Plantations were laid in 2007. Planting pattern 4.0 × 1.0m., garden irrigated, with support. The soil of the site is ordinary carbonated black soil (chernozem), the thickness of the humus layer is up to 120-140 cm. As a result of field and laboratory studies of the condition of 9-12 year old Gala apple trees grafted on P-59 rootstock, it was established that the annual treatment of apple trees for different phenophases with a preparation Regalis at a dose of 1.25 kg / ha has a significant effect on both the size and the number of vegetative and generative formations. It was determined that triple treatment of apple trees with regalis in 43.11% reduces the number of shoots longer than 60 cm, and double - by 31.39%. Structural changes in the distribution of vegetative and fruitful formations per 1 meter were noted in axial branches of the first order. Under the influence of the drug, the number of full-fledged “closed” buds in 2017 increased by 88.8%, and in 2018 by 70.9% compared with the control. The use of triple treatment with Regalis significantly reduces growth activity and has a positive effect on the passage of organogenesis of apple flower buds
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MICROBIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF BIOHUMUS AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the study of microbiological composition of biohumus and humic substances obtained by fermentation method according to the technology developed by the authors. The problem of processing livestock wastes is caused on the one hand by the occurrence of large volumes of them, and on the other hand by the addition of such important elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., which can be used as bioelements. The goal of research was to develop a technology for the production of humic compounds from biohumus and to study the microbial communities that occur in them. Results of researches showed that for biohumus with high content of humic substances, bovine manure must be composted with chopped straw at the ratio of 8:1. Biocomposting of manure and crushed straw using the developed technology enables to obtain biohumus containing humic substances of 20 g/l. Among the physiological groups of biohumus microorganisms, the most numerous groups are aminoautotrophies and ammonifiers - 231.6×106 and 130.33×106 CFU/g, respectively. At the same time the grouping of cellulose-decomposer actinomycetes in biohumus was quite numerous and amounted to 0.93×103 CFU/g.
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TO THE QUESTION OF INTENSIFICATION OF BEAN AND CEREAL GRASS MIXTURE DRYING UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and functional organization of cereal and legume-cereal seed with intensive use in order to develop a model of agrophytocenoses with productive longevity and feed quality. A set of techniques has been developed to optimize the basic conditions of existence of highly productive, natural vegetation and on this basis to use grass stands rationally, create highly productive agrophytocenoses, and also grow artificial agrophytocenoses instead of degraded ones, helps to eliminate the negative consequences of the unreasonable exploitation of vegetation cover, improve its condition, significantly increase productivity and qualitative composition of natural ecosystems
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SEARCHING FOR NATURAL ANTIMICOTICS EFFECTIVE AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionProgress in crop production depends on many factors; including the important measure is the protection from pathogenic microorganisms. Various chemicals are used to control phytopathogens, such as natural and artificially synthesized ones. Natural compounds are more environmentally friendly, in most cases less toxic and quickly destroyed. The purpose of this work was to find strains of actinobacteria that have antifungal activity and are considered by us as possible sources of antifungal compounds for agricultural purposes. We selected 10 strains of actinobacteria that were isolated from typical regions of Russia. These strains were active against the fungal test strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae RIA 259 and Aspergillus niger INA 00760 when deep cultured. To determine the activity of selected actinobacteria against phytopathogenic fungi, 6 strains isolated from affected plants were used as tests. Morphological and genetic analysis methods have shown that the selected actinobacteria strains belong to two genera and are represented by the following species: Nocardia soli, Streptomyces antibioticus, S. bottropensis, S. chartreusis, S. chromofuscus, S. hydrogenans (2 isolates), S. lusitanus, S. netropsis, S. peucetius. Phytopathogenic fungi are represented by the following species: Fusarium armeniacum (2 isolates), Fusarium culmorum, Alternaria tenuissima (2 isolates), Bipolaris sorokiniana. As a result, it was found that under conditions of submerged cultivation on nutrient media, actibacteria form substances that inhibit the growth of all phytopathogenic tests used in the experiment. The representatives of species N. soli INA 01217, S.chromofuscus INA 01211, S. lusitanus INA 01218, S. netropsis INA 01190 and S. peucetius INA 01255 have not been described as having antifungal activity previously, so we consider them to be the most promising for chemical research to identify new antifungal antibiotics