№ 115(1), January, 2016
Public date: 27.01.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 86, 182 kb
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Description
The article describes the approach to drawing up a project plan using the method of case law and the problem of forecasting the flow of new tasks
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Description
There was given the definition and there were cited the criteria of food safety of the country. There was substantiated the necessity of ecological-landscape organization of the territories of agricultural organizations with the aim of decision of food safety. There were cited the peculiarities of land as a natural object and the object of land relations. There was cited the qualitative condition of agricultural areas of the Krasnodar region – the susceptibility to erosion, the content of humus, indicators of nutrient balance in soil. There were identified the environmental problems in the use of agricultural lands in agricultural production. It is concluded that the existing zonal systems of agricultural management do not take into account the full landscape diversity in the region. Using GIS-technologies there were determined the boundaries of five landscapes of the Krasnodar region and agricultural areas on types and degrees of erosion process manifestation. There was given the characteristics of natural-climatic, soil and ecological peculiarities of steppe plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There was substantiated the system of ecological-economic indexes of assessment of landscape systems of land management. There was determined the percentage ratio of areas as cropland: forest: meadow within the boundaries of the natural landscapes. There were calculated the main indexes of ecological assessment of flat plain landscapes with ploughed steppes. There were formulated the tasks of ecological-landscape organization of the territory of agricultural enterprises. On the state level there were substantiated the offers on increase of effectiveness of use of agricultural areas in agrarian production
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EFFECTIVE EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL AND AUDIT
DescriptionThis article is an attempt to improve the work on the organization of the audit of the effectiveness of the internal control of business processes of economic agents of the market, has been successfully tested in practice, internal audit of a number of agricultural holdings of the Krasnodar region. The results of these internal audits, organized in accordance with the procedure provided, can provide substantial assistance in the construction management personnel of the sound system of internal control
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SELECTION OF NEW SELF-POLLINATED CORN LINES FOR BREEDING OF EARLY MATURING HYBRIDS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article covers the stages of evaluation and selection of new self-pollinated corn lines. The results of testing of new lines and test crosses were reflected. Comparative analysis of yield of the best test crosses was presented. General and specific combining ability of new lines was calculated. The opportunities of further usage of new lines in breeding programs and early maturing hybrids including these lines are considering. The researches were conducted on the field of the institution, following the course of scientific researches of department of selection and seed management of corn, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Organization Krasnodar Lukyanenko Research Institution of Agriculture
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THE COST AND LOSS FUNCTION IN THE RESEARCH OF MULTIPURPOSE ASSEMBLIES
DescriptionUsing the example of three multipurpose assemblies (MPA) we have presented the possibility of the cost and loss function appliance for the substantiation of the design and operating parameters as the criterion of optimization. The mentioned objective function of mathematical model is the sum of expenses on the performance of the scheduled amount of automated tasks and the cost of the crop loss related to the failure of meeting deadlines. It is common knowledge that the longer the execution of work lasts (e.g. crop harvesting), the more value it loses. The extremum of the cost and loss function is the minimum of the sum of expenses and the cost of losses which sets the optimal parameters, the mode of the MPA functioning and the work duration. The cost of inputs for the work performance within the objective function includes operating costs of the MPA for the scheduled amounts of work. With the increase of the duration of these works the expenses decrease, however, the cost of losses grows. The sum of the costs of inputs and losses has the extremum that sets the solution optimality. The cost of crop losses depends on the purchase price for the harvested crops and the crop losses intensity for each day of harvesting which we have already developed significant dependencies for. We have suggested the control flow charts for optimizing the MPA parameters and their functioning modes, we have evolved the notion of the objective function and the method of its calculation for different sets of assemblies. Through the example of the multipurpose complex assembly for stubble soil cultivation and simultaneous green manure dropping, we have analyzed the results of the task solution using the cost and loss function which is an effective method of the parameter optimization and the functioning modes of various machine assemblies and facilitates the choice of alternative options
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PHYTO-SANITARY CONDITION OF CROPS OF WINTER BARLEY WHEN GROWING USING DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the biennial data on infestation of winter barley infected with his disease and pests, depending on fertilizer rates, the main method of tillage and plant protection. Weeds are one of the most highly potent factors that reduce the productivity of plants. System of agronomic plant cannot increase the productivity of plants, if it contributes to impurity of crops. In the studied years, the most common weeds at the recommended tillage were dead nettle, cleavers, chickweed, field bindweed. At zero processing - foxtail, poppy, wild oats, Leptospermum, dead nettle, veronica. The use of biological and chemical plant protection products reduced the degree of expansion and development of disease
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Description
Questions of microbial plant protection become more relevant. The use of microorganisms can solve the following problems: biologization of agriculture and sanitation of soil. Application of various physical factors affecting the microorganisms reduces their number. This influences the efficiency of their use. This article gives examples of the application of pressure in the biotechnological process of microbial preparations and their use in the process of spraying. The effect of pressure on nonspore bacteria - Azotobacter chroococcum, spore-forming bacteria - Bacillus megatherium and fungi - Trichoderma viride has been presented in this article. These microorganisms are used in the tank medium for protecting plants against diseases and pests developed by Ltd. "Kuban agrotehnoloogy" of Kuban State Agrarian University. Efficiency is the simultaneous application of tank medium of microorganisms with herbicide. It was found that the application of the tank medium of microorganisms for spraying is necessary to limit the pressure of 4.5 atm. Тhe use of higher spraying modes effects on reducing the number of viable bacteria. This fact has not been checked against fungi
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IMPLEMENTATION OF POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF THE OLD VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the article, we discuss issues of morphological and physiological control over plants of winter wheat. As the object of the research, we have selected landraces - the population of winter wheat, which was grown on the territory of the Kuban region in the last century. The aim of this work was determination of the effect on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties of factors such as conditions of cultivation and processing "Cecece 750" 1.5 l/ha D. V. crop retardant. To achieve this goal we have conducted a morphological analysis of the growth cone at the VI stage of organogenesis, which provide quantitative evaluation of potential future seed production of spike of winter wheat. To study the effect of the year of breeding on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties the analysis of variance was calculated according to the scheme 3×7 factorial variability characteristic due to the influence of genotype (factor B), cultivation year (factor A), that is repeated in time is interpreted as the effect of the year conditions of cultivation. The influence of retardant on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties was conducted using the analysis of variance on the above described scheme, 2×7, where the factor "A" is presented in two gradations (options, retardant treated and not treated), in this case, repeated for years was excluded as a factor. The result of researches indicates that the rate of realized productivity is variety-specific and can serve as a measure of the flexibility of the studied cultivars to different environmental conditions. The analysis of variance showed significant retardant effect on the realization of potential productivity in all variants of the crops of soft winter wheat. The comparison of the average general population indicates that the genetic potential of tall varieties may not manifest even in favorable for crop cultivation. The artificial reduction of plant height by inhibiting the growth of retardant is an effective way to identify high productivity of these genotypes as varieties of winter and Nemenchinskaya Old No. 346
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Description
Via the method of visualizing the excitation in the high frequency field there were discovered the efferent signals in the frog medulla oblongata, which were related to the heart rhythm
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Description
The significance of humus content in soils of the Krasnodar region is decreased. Losses amount is 0,03- 0,05 % every year. The main means of preservation of soil fertility is the introduction of such organic fertilizers as manure. The availability of manure’s use has decreased significantly in connection with the reduction of livestock in agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar region. It causes the necessity of searching of other ways of replenishing of soil fertility. The challenge is to ensure a positive balance of organic matter in soil without application of manure. The reproduction of the soil fertility can be achieved at the expense of proper selection of agricultural cultivars in the crop rotation and provision of optimal structure of sown areas. The modeling of the structure of sown areas using the developed economic-mathematical model allows to determine the optimal composition and the areas of crops for maximum gross or net income with a positive balance of humus. It is proposed to use the general indicators of economic evaluation - gross or net income, increased (decreased) in the value added of (left) humus to assess the effectiveness of land use. The calculations were made on the example of the Ltd Company “Vorontsovskoe” of Dinskoy District, they may be adopted for any agricultural organization