№ 118(4), April, 2016
Public date: 29.04.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 111, 300 kb
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REGIONAL FACTORS OF SMALL AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENT
DescriptionThe article says that small agricultural farms (SAF) play a significant role in import substitution of food, which is aimed at replacing imported agricultural commodities and finished products to domestic security. SAF subjects of Krasnodar region made a significant contribution to the increase of efficiency of regional economy. The share of small agricultural farms is 29% of regional production of grain and meat, 36% of milk, 47% of egg, 10% of sugar beet, 30% of sunflower and 95% of potatoes, 70% of vegetables, and 29% of grapes which makes a significant contribution to the process of import substitution. In addition, the SAF showed a large positive impact on the sustainability of farming, the development dynamics of the entire rural economy, increase the competitiveness of the whole field due to the increase in segment sales, improving market sales in the infrastructure. Today SAF perform a priority vector of development of regional agrarian policy. However, when the share of regional agricultural production segment is more than 35%, a small management gets only 10% of the sum of all sources of state support. In recent years, stimulation measures of subjects of small agrarian farms aimed at increasing the size of the land, the abolition of the standards concerning the number of animals, improving lending conditions, facilitating the starting of economic conditions, union efforts to organize sales channels and other programs. However, the situation with crediting SAF is improving too slowly due to lack of sufficient collateral, and only a small part of them can use loans. Besides, the bureaucratic and departmental barriers are still saved. They still face trade discrimination in the retail markets and great difficulties due to the new requirements of the construction markets, the endowment channels marketing of products etc. All this dictates the need for further improvement of the economic mechanism of regulation of small agricultural development
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ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR INSTRUMENTS WITH FOUR IN-LINE ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPHERICAL DISKS
DescriptionThe main direction of reducing the cost of soil treatment based on resource-saving technologies is the transition to surface treatment of soil with disk tools. Double-row and four-row disc tools are manufactured. Four-row tools significantly increase tillage intensity. In the disk tools, the spherical disc is fixed on the individual pole. Disc headers are equipped with a rigid adjustment fixing the standalone pole to the frame. Recommended operating speed is up to 12 km/h. The advantage of a disc header over the disc harrow is as follows: winding plant residues on the axis are excluded. Disc mulchers are equipped with a spiral bar on which a spherical disk is mounted. The presence of the elastic element allows the working unit to do lowfrequency oscillations during movement. The result of processing is the formation of mulch in the layer of soil, which is a mixture of plant residues and soil particles with a diameter of up to 25 mm. To assess the effectiveness of the disc mulcher and the disc header a unit is composed. The initial data for calculation are as follows: tractor HTZ-150K, the resistivity of the soil is 6 kN/m, disk tool working width is 4 m, operating speed of the disc header is 12 km/h, operating speed of the disc mulcher is 15 km/h. Technical and economic performance of these units is defined during disking the soil. The choice of energy-saving operating regime was made in a well-known manner. Theoretical value of slippage of the leading tractor with disk mulcher was 6%, against 9% with the disc header. Working speed of the mulcher made up 14.07 km/h against 10,89 of the disc header. The performance of the unit with the mulcher made up 16.21 hectares, disc harrow performance is 12,54 ha. Fuel mass flow of mulcher decreased by 29% and made 9.68 kg/ha. Using mulcher for surface treatment of the soil allows to reduce the tillage energy costs thanks to resource-conserving technologies
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OILSEEDS PROCESSED PRODUCTS
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionSide products obtained during processing of many oil crops, have a high feed value and use in rations of animals and birds. The important thing in feeding poultry is protein nutritional value of forages and their biological integrity, expressed in amino acid composition. In this regard, there was a comparative analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition traditionally used in compound feeds for poultry, sunflower cake, and previously unexamined mustard protein-containing feed concentrate called "Gorlinka". During the research, it was found that the studied new feed additive is better comparing to sunflower meal, considering protein content and essential amino acids
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionIn the conditions of grey forest soils in the Bryansk region among the fodder crops widespread mixed legume-cereal crops. The results showed that the photosynthetic activity of cereals and leguminous crops and their yields in mixed crops depended on made of biological and mineral nitrogen fertilizers. It is established that the nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate has a positive impact on the formation of assimilating leaf surface, photosynthetic potential and net productivity and yield of grain mixture in lupine-barley and soybean -barley cropping and pea-barley crops the use of nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate was more favorable. It was found that in lupine-barley crops the active symbiotic potential has increased by 25,5% and the yield increased by 21,3% , in soybean-barley crops 28,5% and 19,2% respectively, due to the joint use of a mixture of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria and mineral nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate in the dose of N60. In pea-barley agrocenosis it has improved the efficiency of cultivation of joint application of mixed inoculant symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria on the background of the application of mineral nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate in the dose of N60, where there was an increase of the active symbiotic potential by 34,7% and grain yield by 24,7% compared to the option when adding the mixture of biological products
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Description
The main reason of the developmental delay of the RF livestock sector below the level of its inherent potential capacity is a detrimental alteration in methodological procedure of livestock and poultry management, occurring due to shortage of traditional feeds. As a result, a necessity to develop the yearlong production of additional fodders, allowing for balanced feeding throughout the year, arose. The method of hydroponic green fodder (HGF) cultivation meets these requirements. Analysis of HGF production methods and labor saver mechanisms makes possible to claim that existing systems are characterized by high costs and difficulties in fabrication, and require a number of additional mechanical devices to work. In the FSBEI HE “KSMTU”, a one-tier hydroponic system has been developed, fitted with curved (arched) guideways and rigid elastic load-carrying components, where loading of seeds and takeout of grown HGF occur by gravity without additional devices of labour input. Based on analysis performed on design features of the proposed system, it has been established that emergence of parametric resonances in the system under consideration is possible; and the study of tray dynamical stability has been carried out with the aim to prevent them. The motion of the hydroponic system tray under consideration is described by the classical Mathieu equation, including two parameters a and q. The further studies of sets of stable and unstable solutions in the plane of a and q parameters are presented by the Ince-Strutt diagram. As a result of the performed calculations, the diameter of the loadcarrying component was identified (d=5 mm), which should ensure reliable working capacity and stability of the hydroponic system in whole
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Description
The author has analyzed scientific and technical literature, plus materials of judicial and investigative practice, criminal procedural law, different views of scientists, as well as his own judgments on the proposed changes and additions to the content of the article 163 of Criminal Procedure Code. The analysis allows the author to declare the need to invite the heads of the investigative bodies of the various departments and units to carry out more in-depth additional analysis of the items and norms of the criminal procedural law governing the activities of the detective, the head of the investigative body, the head of the investigation team, the investigator, the chief of the inquiry body, the body of inquiry unit and the head of the group of investigators. However, the article 163 of Criminal Procedure Code provides for organizational and administrative activity of the head of the investigative body in terms of decision-making on the establishment of the investigation team, in determining the psychologically compatible, pushing and experienced investigators, members of the investigation team, as well as the approving of the head of the investigative group. Moreover, according to the p. 3 of part 1 of the art. 39 of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code, a head of the investigative body has the right to give instructions about the direction of the investigation and certain investigative actions
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METHODS OF WAVELET ANALYSIS AS A TOOL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY
DescriptionIn the context of the objective existence of risk and economic, human and other losses related with it, there is a need in a specific mechanism, which would allow the best way to predict the damage caused by the emergency. These risk management tools in emergency situations are monitoring and forecasting. In this research work, time series are used as a signal; they contain information about the number of fires in the Karachayevo-Cherkessia in the period of 1983- 2014. In solving the problem, the authors applied wavelet tools for data cleaning from noise, anomalies that have provided quality model building reliable forecast - possible number of fires in one quarter ahead. This example shows that for the construction of this forecast there is no need for a rigorous mathematical model specification, which is especially valuable in the analysis of poorly formalized processes. We have noted that most of the tasks in emergencies fall into this category of processes
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THE NEED FOR THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
DescriptionThe article reveals main reasons for developing tendencies to the using of new types of energy, which are limited supply of traditional fuels and environmental problems associated with its processing. It is shown that new forms of energy plays an important role in the energy supply of many countries of the world, and in the future they can become the main sources of energy to meet the growing needs of the global economy. We reveal main reasons of the increasing interest in renewable energy, and we show the obvious prospects of their use, due to two factors. First, according to experts, the global reserves of traditional fuels are limited, and secondly, this was evidenced by the investments of leading countries in this promising industry. The article lists reasons for the need for the use of renewable energy sources in Russia. Increased consumption of natural resources has become a real threat to the security of the life of human society. The basis of solving modern social and environmental problems is a transition to a regulated process of safe use of natural energy potential to meet the vital needs of people not only in the coming decades, but in the long run. It is concluded, that the determining condition for the development of the human civilization at present and in the future would be the level of natural resources which ensures the needs of the population without making harm to the environment
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A NUMERICAL ALGORITHM IN THE PROBLEM OF SELF-ORGANIZATION OF LABOR RESOURCES
01.00.00 Physical-mathematical sciences
DescriptionIn this article, there is a numerical method of solving the problem of self-organization of the labor resources. The problem deals with finding probabilities of hiring and the layoffs of specialists from the sectors of the labor market. A mathematical model of labor resources dynamics is used to solve this problem. The initial problem is incorrect, because number of equations of the descriptive system is less than number of unknown variables. A special algorithm is designed for guaranteed finding the normal solution in finite number of iterations. The algorithm is separated into two key stages. Initially, unconditional normal solution of the problem is found by applying the modified method of Gauss for underdetermined systems. Later, this solution is projected in the subspace of permissible values. After that, the normal solution of the problem with consideration of non-negativity of the desired values is being found by using the gradient projection method. The proposed algorithm has been successfully used to develop application in programming environment C++. This application is focused on solving of the problem of selforganization of the labor resources. Comparative analysis of speed of the application and add-ins MS Excel "Solver" showed that the same problem is solved much faster in the application designed by the author than in a table processor MS Excel when using the add-in "Solver". This demonstrates the high efficiency of the proposed method
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Description
The article considers problems of the exchange of information between teachers, students and departments of educational institutions. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of traditional approaches: email, chat via phone, social networks. The questions of placement of information to large numbers of users were revealed. We also revealed the need to address issues related to the publication of major events, administrative announcements of educational institutions, which are visible to all users, and are assigned to a specific date. We suggested an approach to the publication of the activities of the individual system modules. The article shows a mechanism of mass mailings, providing users the ability to transmit information to two or more recipients and to ensure the exchange of information that is available only to send the recipient, as opposed to the "wall". We found an approach to increase the quality of the educational process, allowing rapid exchange of information between staff, students and departments of educational organization on the example of the system "Social network educational organization." In the approach, it has been proposed to take the ideology of social networking and project it on the specifics and needs of educational institutions, which will allow rapid exchange between staff, students and divisions (departments) educational organization. The study analyzed data on the age of users of the system over a period of 30 days