№ 120(6), June, 2016
Public date: 30.06.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 112, 299 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
Description
The article reveals issues concerning three years research about the rate of influence complex water soluble fertilizers in seed treatment and treatment vegetative plant in phase 3-5 and 7-8 leaves for grain yield increase. In the process of research were determined summarized water consumption and coefficient of water consumption, measuring of morphological signs, were given economical estimation of using complex water soluble fertilizers in corn grain yield increase. The research shows the efficiency of seed treatment of average corn hybrid Krasnodarskiy 377 AMV by complex water soluble fertilizer Lignohumate potassium at dose 0,5 l/t. Grain yield increase in mentioned variant was 4,4 c/ha in comparison with variant of distilled water treatment. The same grain yield increase was got by using in seed treatment the mixture of Albit, 0,05 l/t with Lignohumate potassium, 0,5 l/t. the treatment of vegetative plants in phase 3-5 leaves when were sowed non treated seed were less efficient than in phase 7-8 leaves, where grain yield increase was 4,5 c/ha. Seed treatment of Lignohumate potassium in combination with vegetative plants treatment in phase 7-8 leaves by using Megamix, Bionekskemi and Lignohumate potassium allowed to get grain yield level 80,3-80,8 c/ha
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METHODOLOGY OF ACOUSTIC SAFETY MEASURING IN OPERATORS’ BOOTHS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Description
In this article, we have examined the methodology of acoustic measuring with the purpose to create safety conditions for the activity of agricultural machines operators, in foremost harvesters and tractors. We should underline that such studies are based on the state standards that are aimed at improving the level of comfort of the activity of the operators of tractors and harvesters and maintaining their working capacities. Therefore, there is a need for a thorough analysis of the current regulatory legislation (standards that are applied) in combination with analysis of mathematical support of measuring devices (sound level meter). Besides, there is a need for creating strict sequence of actions of the sound level meter operator (algorithm) in combination with the method of conveying information that is adapted to the experiment. At the enterprises, organizations and establishments control of the noise level at working places is checked no less than once a year. The State Standard 12.4.095-80 provides the basis for measuring, position of the control point in the booth, the frame and characteristics of measuring, mode of activity of engines and parts of harvesters, the amount of measurement samples (3 precise measurements), estimation of measurements and their correction, equipment, methods of measuring the results, temporary characteristics of measuring by the sound level meter in “slow” mode and frequency correction
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Description
The article contains a scientifically based approach to assessing and improving the reliability of DMU "Frigate" in the conditions of the Rostov region. The studied parameters for the elements with the lowest resource were: mean time between failure, mean time to repair, probability of failure, the parameter flow of failures, failure rate, actual and allowable factors of readiness. The analysis of the main faults of DMU "Frigate", identified nodes and elements, characterized by the low reliability, for which the dependences of probabilities of failure-free operation, as well as the dependence and developed the procedure for calculating the optimal duration of recovery of failed elements, to ensure acceptable availability. Statistics on major faults refuse items were collected over the three irrigation seasons from 2013 to 2015, were investigated failures due to wear of the elements for 17 irrigation machines. As a result of the research we developed mathematical apparatus of calculation and the comparative assessment of the readiness of the parks sprinklers of various farms to perform their processing functions at the same and different number of machines. We obtained the dependence for determining the allowable duration of the recovery elements that will allow you to determine the main directions of improving the reliability of DMU "Frigate" during the operational phase
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TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICES OF DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED DISC HARROWS
Description
The creation of better conditions for the cultivation of plants is carried out by means of mechanical impact on the soil working bodies of machines and tools, that is, the so-called tillage. Its importance in the conditions of intensive agriculture cannot be overemphasized. The use of each scientifically based crop rotation system of soil tillage is a necessary condition for further growth of crop yields and improve soil fertility. Tillage determines the processes of reproduction, fertility regulation soil modes, degradation processes and soil conservation. Important and how self-administration in the system of minimum tillage, and in addition to the deeper treatment of soil under traditional agricultural technologies is superficial and shallow tillage. Disc harrows are the most applied machine for the implementation of surface and shallow soil treatment, performing a loosening of topsoil, leveling the field surface, the destruction of soil crust, crumbling lumps of soil, weeding, seeding and fertilizer. This article describes the design features of domestic and foreign disc harrows. We have given their technical characteristics, and consider the operational and technological parameters
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HARDENING AND SOFTENING OF CLAY SOIL
Description
Hardening of clay soil manifests in the form of increase of the resistance of sample to shear deformation. The shear tests of normally compacted and overcompacted soils give values of peak strength at small strains and long-term strength at high. A shear test with constant strain rate of deformation (CRD) with continuous recording of resistance encounters uneven resistance change and the cyclical rate of change of resistance (RCR). The identification of cycles of the SIS allowed us to divide the deformation in each cycle for elastic and inelastic, corresponding to the ascending and descending branches of cycle. On an interval of the total resistance, the increases of the increment of inelastic strain are positive up to some critical value of the total deformation of the sample at which their sum reaches a maximum. This maximum is adopted as a measure of hardening. With further shearing of the sample, inelastic increments are negative, and their sum is monotonously decreases and reaches negative values for the total destruction of the sample. This value is taken as the softening. A symptom of total failure of the sample is the decline of absolute values of inelastic increments of resistance to zero. In general, the trend of the increments of inelastic and elastic increments of the resistance of the sample indicates the development of the destruction of the soil sample on the sliding surfaces and, in particular, yielding of the total surface. The sum of elastic increments of the resistance monotonically increases throughout the shear
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HEAT AND AIR MODES OF AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES
Description
In this article, there are descriptions of ventilation systems of municipal and industrial buildings. We consider the scheme of natural ventilation and ventilation with mechanical drive. In agriculture production, processes accompanied by the releasing into the air of premises various harmful substances: gases and vapors, excess of heat and moisture. The source of the fumes and gases are various technological processes. People, animals and birds in the premises, release carbon dioxide and other gases. Sources of heat gain are the people, animals and birds, solar radiation, production equipment and so on. For optimization of parameters of the air environment, satisfying the hygienic requirements, need to install ventilation. The ventilation system – it is a set of devices for handling, transportation, supply and removal of air. The advantage of this article is the systematization of ventilation systems of production premises. We have identified the main flows of indoor air and placement of exhaust shafts. Greatest interest are the systems operating year-round or during the heat period and exhaust systems equipped with control devices in the form of a throttle valves or gate valves and a device for cleaning the air. We give sufficient attention to the thermal regime of premises, heat losses and heat gain through protecting designs. We indicated that a significant effect on the thermal state of premises might be provided by humidity level of fences, as well as potential of heat and moisture transfer
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TO THE NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SEQUENCE OBJECTS
Description
The task of nonparametric identification of sequence objects with discrete-continuous nature of the process under nonparametric uncertainty, i.e. in conditions where a priori information is not sufficient for an informed choice of a model structure up to parameters is considered. Among series-connected objects, there can be objects both dynamic and instantaneous ones with a lag. This kind of technological chains is common in various industries, particularly in metal, power, oil refining, etc. in solving this problem were used methods of nonparametric identification theory, mathematical statistics and statistical modeling. The theory of nonparametric systems is based on local approximation methods, in particular algorithms for nonparametric estimation of different kind of dependency from observation of input-output variables of the object. The article presents a nonparametric model for the group of spinning objects with delay. In the work we show in detail the results of numerical studies showing that the use of nonparametric algorithms allows predicting process performance with sufficient accuracy
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INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX COMPOSTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF LIVING ORGANISMS IN TOP LAYERS OF ORDINARY CHERNOZEM
Description
Complex compost, which is formed in the process of unification of organic and mineral colloids, the formation of new cycles of nutrients, increasing the enzymatic activity of organic matter and respiration of living organisms, the formation of gaseous compounds, increase of ecological niches and land reclamation is a new direction in practical ecology, agriculture and soil science. This line determines of creation and use of complex mixtures of different wastes household, industrial and agricultural production for enrichment soil of organic and mineral dispersed and colloidal systems and improving their physical, chemical and biological and ecological functions. Formation of complex of compost is provided by the enrichment of substrate of organic matter, comprehensive set of mineral substances and their mixed colloidal composition. Microbial communities are determined by the level of transformation of organic matter and activity of life support system and the variety of living species. Entering into the top layer of soil of complex compost contributes to the development and expansion of ecological niches. At the complex compost it is very active increases the number of actinomycetes, especially representatives of the genus Streptomyces, the population of which are accumulated in the top layer of soil in the summer. Actinomycetes series of Cinereus were encountered most often in the soil after introduction of complex compost, Violaceus and Aureus were allocated less
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FORECASTING CAPACITY FOR A SMALL BUSINESS PRODUCTS MARKET
Description
The problem of determining the correct potential market size for commodity products produced by small businesses is a subject of a great importance, as the excess of unsold products become a source of loss and default of management. Sales of produced agricultural and food produce for subjects of small business is crucial and, therefore, is a subject of increased interest. The author notes that today the main thing is not to produce products, but to effectively realize what is being produced. For this reason, for manufacturers of products, the correct prediction of production volumes given the potential market size is a problem of current interest. For more accurate results, the author recommends dividing the consumer groups of the population depending on the level of food consumption. To achieve that, it is suggested to divide consumers’ social, specific, and other characteristics. These essential features are accounted by the instrumentation panel surveys. The proposed approach with the right content recommended formula allows to define and model the volumes of agricultural products, which the market is able to absorb; to plan specific levels of production of subjects of small farms, the volume of product offerings that will find buyers, what will significantly reduce the risks of losses and occurrence of illiquid stocks
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Description
The article touches upon the issue of identifying patterns of the entrepreneurial sphere development in the Russian Federation regions. The following areas of business activity, leading in terms of the turnover of small businesses, were analyzed in the study: agriculture; wholesale and retail trade; manufacturing. In order to identify the favorable conditions for the development of the studied entrepreneurial areas in the Russian Federation, the authors have developed an algorithm based on the methods of N.G. Zagoruiko and on the methods of reducing the dimension of attribute space. It was found, that the studied areas of entrepreneurial sphere do not interact much with each other, and the mechanisms of their professional communication are not developed sufficiently. A model in the form of decision rules of favorable conditions for the enterprises functioning in the entrepreneurial sphere of Russian regions was created with the use of the author's algorithm. The study revealed that agriculture is mainly influenced by the climate, the population of the region, the number of small businesses, the land area of the region, and investment in fixed assets. Wholesale and retail trade are influenced by the standard of living of the population, the land area of the region, and the number of small businesses. The manufacturing industry is influenced by the number of small enterprises, the standard of living of the population, investment in fixed assets, and the land area of the region. The basis of the created model and the revealed consisted patterns can be used to form an effective governmental policy of the development of entrepreneurial sphere in the Russian Federation regions
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