№ 120(6), June, 2016
Public date: 30.06.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 112, 299 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
FEATURES OF CULTIVATION OF BROILERS OF HUBBARD REDBRO CROSS IN FARMS FOR “ORGANIC” MEAT
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThis article is devoted to studying the influence of conditions of keeping and feedings on broilers of Hubbard RedBro cross, and the quality of the received products in case of application of floor and cellular content in the conditions of a farm. It was found that when receiving a feed of its own production with the use of feed ingredients grown in farms without pesticides, recorded a statistically significant reduction in the potentially dangerous health animal substances. As compared with a factory forage therein reduced pesticide content by 14 times, mercury and arsenic is 24 times, 5 times cadmium, lead 10 times. Results of studying of economic indicators of cultivation of broilers of cross Hubbard RedBro and also chemical composition and quality of carcasses demonstrated that the essential difference between a floor and cellular condition of keeping is not established, however use of a diet on the basis of what forages promoted statistically reliable decrease in concentration of toxic metals in muscles of a bird of experienced groups. As a result it was found that use of the researched compound feed in diets of broilers raised indicators of biosafety and provided ecologically safe (“organic”) meat products of poultry farming
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Description
The authors have developed and manufactured a large number of different designs of relative helical drums for mixing animal feed. We have conducted 749 field experiments with the drums of the 10 different designs with different parameters modes of operation. In all experiments, we measured the quality of the feed mixture. However, directly based on empirical data, rational choice of design features and parameters of the operation modes of the reels is not possible. For this, you must first develop a model reflecting these empirical data. The construction of meaningful analytical models of different types of drums is a difficult and demanding scientific task, the complexity of which is due to the large variety and complexity of forms of drums and their mode of usage, a large number of diverse physical factors affecting the processes in the drum. As a consequence, the development of analytical models associated with a large number of simplifying assumptions that reduce their versatility and reliability. Therefore, it is important to search of a mathematical method and software tools provide a quick and simple for the user to identify and influence the design of the drum and the parameters of the operating modes on the quality of the feed mixture directly on the basis of empirical (experimental) data. The work proposes a solution to this problem with the use of a new universal innovative method of artificial intelligence: automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its programmatic Toolkit – universal cognitive analytical system called "Eidos". In the system of "Eidos" we have implemented a software interface that provides direct input into the system large amounts of empirical data from Excel file. Created on their basis in the system of "Eidos" system-cognitive model allows the visual form to reflect the effect of the structure of the drum and the parameters of the operating modes on the quality of the resulting feed mixture and to develop on this basis the science-based and appropriate recommendations for the rational choice of design features and parameters of the modes relative to the screw drums. We have also given a numerical example
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CONTEMPORARY APPLIANCES FOR AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AND PROSPECTS OF ITS OF MODERNIZATION
DescriptionMaterial and technical resources form the bulk of the cost in the production of agricultural products and determine the level of intensity of agricultural development, productivity and competitiveness of the industry. The most important role in agricultural production has been given to transport operation, as the performance and the quality of the implementation of which depends directly on the amount and the grade of the products. On intraeconomic transportation in the APC RF, along with the car we widely use tractor trucks. Unfortunately, in most cases for the transportation of agricultural goods we use supersize trucks, including construction purposes, with a high axle loading. These vehicles need roads with improved coating to each field. Here we may note substantial shortcomings of transportation. Because of the unnecessary displacements from combines to dump trucks to the end of the field, the costs and the losses are increasing and the arrival of heavy machinery in the field leads to soil compaction, which ultimately affects the future harvest. The successful implementation of agricultural work is strongly associated with the timely and volume movement of a variety of materials, such as animal feed, fertilizers, construction, and other loads. A lot of these works needs roads; nevertheless, the quality of agricultural roads and field work significantly affects the timely and high-quality forage. Thus an important part of any machinery tractor fleet of agricultural production is taken by the presence of modern cars, tractor-trailers and semi-trailers. Continuous growth in the saturation of tractors carried out around the world, improves the performance of tractor transport aggregate by increasing their capacity and speed, either on the road or in the field. However, if you increase the saturation of tractors, it encounters problems related to the deterioration of the controllability of the tractor and transport unit. To address emerging when increasing the saturation of tractors problems, we have proposed devices, allowing reducing negative impact on the production of elevated oscillatory processes, to increase the permeability and straightness of movement of tractor-transport unit
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Description
Today, the Russian agriculture is facing food market saturation task by domestic quality products in sufficient quantities for the needs of the population. At the same time healthy nutriment is provided, according to doctors and scientists, by vegetables, which must be present in the diet of a healthy person. In this regard, a big role is assigned to the covered ground crop production, normal functioning of which allows to supply shops and markets with vegetables throughout the year. For the formation of the necessary environment inside the greenhouse promoting normal plants growth, the main role is played by the solar radiation penetrating into the greenhouse through the transparent enclosure and creating necessary light and temperature and humidity regime. Comparison and analysis of the main cover and light-transmitting materials (film, glass, polycarbonate) characteristics revealed polycarbonate to be the basic material today, light transmitting characteristics study of which this article deals with. As a research method, molecular optical spectroscopy was applied. In order to study there has been selected waveband with their length value from the 610 to 700 nm, which spans exactly the shortwave part of the solar radiation spectrum, which is necessary for the proper implementation of the plants photosynthesis in artificial rearing conditions. After analyzing the measurements results it can be said that studied "KARBOGLASS AGRO" polycarbonate samples, despite the substantially greater thickness in comparison with for example plastic film that is widely used in the old fashioned way, are characterized by higher value of light-transmitting ability for light wavelength values passing through the material - respectively of 79-80,4% and 75,4-77%. Light transmission of "KARBOGLASS AGRO" cellular polycarbonate is at 5 ± 1% higher than of other traditional materials. Among the studied coating materials for covered ground facilities and due to the research results of their light-transmitting capacity, today cellular polycarbonate is of undoubted advantage
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TO THE NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SEQUENCE OBJECTS
DescriptionThe task of nonparametric identification of sequence objects with discrete-continuous nature of the process under nonparametric uncertainty, i.e. in conditions where a priori information is not sufficient for an informed choice of a model structure up to parameters is considered. Among series-connected objects, there can be objects both dynamic and instantaneous ones with a lag. This kind of technological chains is common in various industries, particularly in metal, power, oil refining, etc. in solving this problem were used methods of nonparametric identification theory, mathematical statistics and statistical modeling. The theory of nonparametric systems is based on local approximation methods, in particular algorithms for nonparametric estimation of different kind of dependency from observation of input-output variables of the object. The article presents a nonparametric model for the group of spinning objects with delay. In the work we show in detail the results of numerical studies showing that the use of nonparametric algorithms allows predicting process performance with sufficient accuracy
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REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION (POTATO EXAMPLE)
DescriptionIn recent years, in many countries around the world, much attention is paid to the issues of ensuring of rational use of energy resources, due to a number of objective factors, chief among which are: the lack of own energy resources to meet domestic energy needs; the sharp increase in the cost of production and the production of energy resources; further growth in energy needs; the presence of large potential opportunities to reduce unproductive losses of fuel and energy. In the world, the challenge now is to ensure a gradual but steady transfer of the economy on energy saving way of development. To achieve the goal of reducing energy costs we might use two ways: firstly, the widespread introduction of energy saving technologies, and secondly, the reduction of material production, improving its quality and service. In agriculture, the improvement of the technological process can be carried out using new tillage methods, improving the organization of production and tools. Further development of mechanization in agriculture will contribute to further growth of electrification in the agricultural sector, which will significantly reduce the use of the most expensive and limited energy resources. The article offers a technique of the estimation of the efficiency of consumption of energy in agricultural production. In order to compare the efficiency of machines in the cultivation and harvesting of potatoes, there was conducted an energy assessment of the operations of modern technology. As variables, there were investigated different operation modes of the machine: working speed and working width, depth of stroke of the working bodies. In the process of evaluating energy operations, modern technology to prepare the soil for planting potatoes was determined humidity, mechanical composition and soil type. As a main factor in the analysis of technological methods, we have taken the overall specific energy consumption and specific energy consumption for the digging below tuber formation. Analysis of theoretical researches of agricultural machinery has led to the conclusion that the energy cost of implementing the technological process in the machines of different designs varies
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METHODS OF DEFINITION OF COMPLEX MACHINE GRAINS’ AND SEEDS’ TRAUMATIZING
DescriptionDamage of grain and seeds by machines makes essential negative impact on sowing qualities of seeds and processing properties of grain. While processing of grain a lot of various cars and actions differently injure weevils. To exclude traumatizing of grains in the course of mechanical preparation is not obviously possible, as working bodies of cars are a source of mechanical and thermomechanical damages. Besides, injured weevils on the physical-mechanical properties practically do not differ from whole, i.e. they do not possess signs for machine division. To reduce traumatizing of weevils is possible with the help of application of optimum technologies of machining, selection of the conforming technological modes, using as a part of actions of constructional stuffs with a low elastic modulus, perfection of their design data. For definition of injuring ability of various machines and actions through which takes place grain lots, have developed a procedure which allows with high degree of reliance to estimate complex traumatizing of weevils (namely, their outside integuments and intrinsic frames) machines and the actions which are a part of aggregates and complexes for machine preparation of grain and seeds. The developed procedure bases on a basis of the standard documents regulating test methods of agricultural machinery and together with it allows to consider connatural heterogeneity of the grain lots arriving for processing
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Description
This article describes the practice of conducting a geotechnical monitoring of the road tunnel № № 8, 8а «Doubler Kurortnogo Prospekta» in Sochi in difficult geotechnical conditions. Geotechnical monitoring method was developed on the results of mathematical modeling performed based on engineering studies and design solutions. The particular importance is paid to areas of shallow road tunnels, because in these areas there are the highest strain that could lead to malfunction of the lithological technical system "accommodating array - fixing tunnel" and the further destruction of the road tunnel walling. Geotechnical monitoring at the stage of engineering survey allows us to assess comprehensively the condition of the geological environment in a pristine condition, as well as detailed consideration to the effect on her of construction of mining operations. Implementation of geotechnical monitoring at the stages the engineering survey and construction will identify weaknesses malfunction of the lithological technical system "accommodating array - fixing tunnel" and ensure the security of the operation of such a technically complex and demanding facilities such as road tunnels
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Description
The results of the study of amino acids of white table wines depending on the yeast strain, continuous contact of wine with yeast biomass and the presence of lees stirring are presented. The dynamics of amino acids, which affect wine organoleptic characteristics and the formation of wine defects, specifically, tyrosine, methionine, threonine and lysine is shown. Conducted researches made it possible to divide the amino acids into three groups depending on the carrying out the batonnage or lack of it. The first group consisted of amino acids, the concentration of which practically has not changed in the presence or lack of stirring. The second and third groups include amino acids, the concentration of which increased and decreased, respectively during batonnage. The stirring of the wine with yeast biomass facilitated to the activation of mass transfer processes between cell and medium, and the access of air lead to oxidation of some amino acids and the change of its concentration. The absence of stirring influenced to a slight increase in the concentration of such amino acids as cystine, cysteine, β-phenylalanine, serine, α-alanine, leucine and glutamic acid. The experimental data allowed to arrange amino acids in a row depending on the speed of release into the medium: ά-aminobutyric acid > glutamic acid > α-alanine > leucine
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CHARACTERISTIC OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES AND WAYS OF STORING OF TOPINAMBUR TUBERS
DescriptionThe article analyzes the existing technologies and methods of storage of tubers of topinambur. We have analyzed the traditional methods of storage of tubers of topinambur - in containers, boxes or bags in storage or in the ground clamps. Russian and foreign topinambur tubers storage technologies in modified atmosphere, with use of easily removable wax coating, with plant extracts treatment, at different storage temperatures are studied. We have also carried out analysis of scientific and patent sources led to the conclusion that existing technologies and methods of storing topinambur tubers, which do not allow reducing to the maximum extent the weight loss and the inulin hydrolysis during storage. A reasonable conclusion was made about the advisability of further studies in the field of innovative technologies and methods of preparation for storage and storage of topinambur tubers, ensuring minimal weight loss, as well as maximum preservation in their structure of inulin, vitamin C and other biologically active substances during storage