№ 122(8), October, 2016
Public date: 31.10.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 85, 207 kb
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06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION ABILITY OF SHOOTS AT DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF CUTTING FRUITBEARING VINES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studying the impact of different options for cutting fruit vines on the growth and productivity of shoots of the grapes. The obtained experimental data indicate the excessive overload of vines with eyes and shoots when performing contour trimming bushes without normalizing the choice of shoots, in comparison with other variants of experience. A significant increase of eyes on the vines when performing contour cutting was because during this method of cutting, the cutoff is at a certain level all the shoots are horizontal on the arm vines. A big load of vines shoots when performing contour cutting has reduced the length of shoots at 48 – 51%, and leaf area developed on the shoots of 53 – 54%. While the lowest productivity was different shoots developed on the vines in 3 variant, because here the contour cutting vines was not accompanied by a subsequent breaking of superfluous shoots, which have overloaded the bushes shoots. At the same time, contour cutting vines with subsequent breaking of the normalizing excess shoots were allowed to grow for fruiting the bushes a sufficient amount of normally developed shoots with high productivity and good quality bunches
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MILK PRODUCING ABILITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF VARIOUS ECO-GENETIC TYPES
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article presents the comparative assessment of economic traits of Holstein cows of various ecogenetic types in the Volgograd region, the Russian Federation. The study of adaptive ability of Holstein cattle imported from the United States (245 heads), Denmark (245 heads), Germany (386 heads), and Australia (250 heads) has been carried out based on breeding plant OOO "Donskoye" in Russia since 2006. The milk producing ability of the animals was studied during the period of first three lactations. The cows imported from the United States showed the maximum productivity. The cows from the USA and Germany were registered to have the highest fat content in milk. The mathematical modeling for predicting production processes revealed that with respect to the milk yield, the Holsteins of Danish selection were superior to the cows of American, German, and Australian selections by the fifth lactation. The high correlation between the milk yield and the body weight, as well as between the body weight and the fat content of milk from Holstein cows of various selections has been established. The cows of Danish, German, and Australian selections showed a positive correlation between economic traits and genetic parameters for the period of three lactations. The cows from Australia have been proved to have higher indices of protein composition of milk (the total nitrogen content, the amount of essential amino acids). The level of the adaptive ability of the animals of the same breed but different eco-genetic types has been found to be stable
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IMPROVEMENT OF WAYS OF FRUIT TREES WATER SUPPLY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionNowadays, fruit trees are subjected to influence of abiotic stress-factors. The reaction of fruit plants on the influence of media plays an important role. Experiments were conducted in two (Northern and Central) fruit zones of the Krasnodar region since 2013 to 2015, there was shown the possibility of application of hydroabsorbents as a stable source of water supply of fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the South of Russia in the conditions of field experiment. There were shown the peculiarities of technological ways of water supply of fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the south of Russia. There was determined that the necessity in watering of a garden’s plots with the use of hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 with the supporting of soil’s moisture in 80% in Northern zone in the end of May, in central fruit zone in the middle of May. There was proven that the application of hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 guarantees the stable water supply in limits of 75-80% from NV since planting in apple-trees of varieties of Renet Simirenko and Golden Delicious grafted on the stock M9 and planted on the scheme 4,0 х 1,0 м during three years. The work of the system of “soil-roots-leaves” independently on weather and soil conditions is provided
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THE INDICES OF REPRODUCTION IN THE HERD OF MILK CATTLE IN “KUBAN” AGRICULTURAL HOLDING
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article contains complex research results dedicated of reproduction the cattle of the animal breeding industry in the agricultural holding called “Kuban”. Key indicators characterizing reproductive function at cows were set; they were estimated in terms of the plans of the economy in the milk cattle breeding industry. The reduced values of the birth-rate of calves were revealed on 100 cows and in the term of the production use of cows, their main reasons were set. The performed calculations prove the possibility of increasing the profitability of milk production
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INFLUENCE OF DURATION OF THE FIRST LACTATION PERIOD OF SOWS ON REPRODUCTIVE QUALITY
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article contains research results on the influence of duration of the first lactation period of sows on reproductive qualities. The authors have detected basic problems which reduce indices reproduction of purebred pigs of the breed of Yorkshire and hybrids of F1 (Yorkshire x Landras) under conditions of a new complex. It was found that because of the increase in duration of lactation period of the sows it is impossible to increase the safety of the piglets with a reduced live mass (from big nests and slow in growth) and improve the reproductive quality of sows. This method has been used in the economy what led to a notable improvement in the indices of pig breeding
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THE SHORTAGE OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN CAUSED by P. triticina
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionThe article studies the influence of the interaction of two technologies of plant protection: breeding- immunological and chemical. The studies were conducted on the varieties and lines of soft winter, durum wheat and triticale, established in Krasnodar research institute named after P. P. Lukyanenko, and also, on varieties of an alien and foreign selection. When considering the correlations in the group of genotypes, forming a necrotic type of reaction to the introduction of the pathogen (the first group of varieties), the significant negative correlation (r - 0,76) between the change in the mass of 1000 grains and the number of unproductive stems formed by one plan was established. The model of the severity of brown rust pathogen in sparse crops of wheat has been collaborated. According to the model, the development of the pathogen in the tissues of the leaves of the host plant leads initially to a change in the relations of the productive and unproductive stems. The change of these parameters significantly affects on the variability of indicators such as the mass of grains from one ear, number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. Negligible volatility of weight for 1000 grains suggests that the major losses of productivity in the flowering stage are due to abortive flowers. This model can explain the increase in the mass of 1000 grains in some varieties for tolerance change experiments with the defeat of plants of P. Triticina on micro-plots
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IMPROVING RESOURCES OF ENGINE OIL WITH SPECIAL ADDITIVES ADDED
DescriptionThe article presents investigations of engine oil with the addition of special additives and reactions of the composition in the process of friction on the metal surface, simulating the boundary and hydrodynamic friction
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STUDYING THE EFFECT OF SWEETENERS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CHOCOLATE MASS
DescriptionChocolate products with reduced calories are becoming increasingly popular among consumers and producers. One method of producing chocolate with low calorie content is some replacement with alternative sucrose sugar substitutes. We have investigated the effect of various bulk sweeteners (maltitol, isomalt and erythritol) with different particle size, divided into three intervals (106-53, 53-38, and 38-20 microns) on the rheological properties of molten chocolate. It was found, that the model of the Herschel-Bulkley is better than others, it describes the real rheological properties of the chocolate mass. It is established, that because of maltitol, it affects the rheological properties of chocolate just as sucrose and thus it may be a good alternative. The use of isomalt causes higher plastic viscosity of the chocolate mass and maltitol improves the fluidity of the chocolate mass, significantly more than other bulk sweeteners. Changing the particle size leads to a change in the plastic viscosity and yield point. Differences in the rheological properties of chocolate with different bulk sugar substitutes have been caused by differences in the volume fraction of solids and the distribution of particle size. When replacing sucrose to improve the rheological properties of the chocolate, we have to select sweeteners with large particle size, but sweeteners particle size should be small enough to result in chocolate with good organoleptic properties
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THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ADVISABILITY OF CAR RECYCLING
DescriptionNow in Russia there is a problem of utilization of vehicles. The article reveals questions of the advisability to study boundaries of cars recycling: pricing model with repair, options for vehicles used after repairs, the models for definition of the boundaries of cars recycling
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INVESTIGATION OF NOISE AND VIBRATION OF CUTTING CIRCULAR SAWS
DescriptionThe article presents the results of theoretical studies of noise cutting circular sawing machines. Practical calculation of the noise spectra is based on the determination of the dependency of the sound pressure of the noise sources of the object of study. In the sound system, circular sawing machines sound energy is emitted by the following sources: disc cutter and the mandrel. Therefore, the dominant noise sources should be allocated to the technological subsystem "tool – mandrel” with a bit less rigidity than the carrier system of the machine and directly receives the cutting forces when milling. Thus, it is possible to reduce sound pressure levels in almost two ways: by increasing absorption production facilities and (or) decrease in sound pressure of the noise source. In this work, we have justified the second way – reduction of the intensity of acoustic radiation of the source