№ 122(8), October, 2016
Public date: 31.10.2016
Archive of journal: Articles count 85, 207 kb
-
JUSTIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER SEED CLEANING SCHEME ON AIR-SIEVE GRAIN CLEANING MACHINES
DescriptionA set of actions aimed at preserving seed quality is the task of primary importance, which is expected to produce effective results. To implement this task it is necessary to prepare high-quality seeds by cleaning and sorting sunflower seeds on air-sieve grain cleaning machines. To determine the rational scheme of cleaning sunflower seed piles of the ‘Lakomka’ variety on the air-sieve grain cleaning machine ‘MVU-1500’ a qualitative analysis has been carried out. Cleaning sunflower seeds is carried out by an air stream by one or two sieves for separating large impurities and by two sieves, one of which separates milled seeds into the overseeding ,with the second dividing the whole seeds. In such a scheme of cleaning sunflower seeds, purity corresponds to the 3rd class of seed material and has some disadvantages. The disadvantages are as follows: the gathering seeds in sieve Ø5.0 have low individual weight and the sieves show low quality of work. To facilitate the work of the sowing sieves a grading sieve is installed, which will separate 50% of the seeds into the gathering. The size of the openings in the grading sieve is selected with the help of the correlation table. The sieve for sunflower seed variety ‘Lakomka ‘will be Ø 3.6, which will select the most valuable seeds with weight above 90 g from the purified material thus improving the productivity and performance of the sowing sieves. A promising scheme of cleaning sunflower seeds is the air flow rate equal to 4.43 m/s, with one grading sieve of Ø 3.6 and two sieves of Ø 7 and Ø 3.6 mm in grain cleaning machines that will allow you to get high quality seed material that meets the requirements of GOST(Russian national standard) for seed material
-
ESSENCE OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL AND A SYSTEM OF INDICATORS OF ITS ASSESSMENT
DescriptionIn the market conditions, the key to survival and the basis of the provisions of the stability of any business entity is financial stability. Its achievement is possible by improving the efficiency of economic activities, which is achieved when the rational use of all kinds of resources and reduce costs. The important role in realization of this task has been given to the economic potential of the control system. Therefore, the economic potential of the analysis and evaluation of the topic, i.e. efficient use of all resources, is relevant at this stage of development of the domestic economy. Studying the nature resources as a basis for economic development, identifying their sources, development of ways, forms and methods of their use allow us to formulate the principles of activation of economic policy for the intensification of economic processes. In the conditions of growing complexities of the Russian economy the definition of resource capacities should be a priority in the development strategy of any business entity, region, industry. One of the most important branches of the material production of the Krasnodar region is agriculture. Today's reality is that the consumption of many food products is still below the science-based standards, and import dependence exceeds the allowable criteria of food security, despite the fact that the number of rejected and lowered in grade imported food products is quite large
-
THE ESSENCE AND THE STAGES OF THE STATE REGULATION OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY
DescriptionThe author shows the classification of the stages of development of state regulation of agrarian economy, consisting of four blocks; and provides a brief description of them. There are shown the boundaries of state authority regulation, which are defined by legal, legislative, budgetary, tax, social, and environmental functions of the state. Methods of regulation with participation of the state are divided into direct (administrative) and indirect (economic). Economic and administrative tools have some similarities and common features, and, at the same time, they are the opposed. The author notes the predominance of economic methods, at the same time dividing five areas of economics, in which the use of administrative methods is compulsory to achieve the condition of balanced development of agrarian economy. With that being said, it is very important to: have governmental control over monopolistic markets, prevent negative impact on non-renewable resources, environment, and ecological situation; as well as maintaining acceptable living standards of the rural population. A special place takes the support of international trade links, politics of a moderate protectionism for the protection of agricultural markets with customs barriers, export licensing, import control policy. It is noted that the indirect intervention of the government in the agricultural economy implies the implementation of a system of measures affecting external and internal economic environment. Here, the authors refer fiscal policy by manipulating the state budget, government spending and taxation, measures of credit regulation, monetary and investment policy, regulation of the system of labor recruitment, employee income, and other tools
-
DEMAND DETERMINANTS ON THE RUSSIAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANCTIONS
DescriptionThis article investigates the problem of drug supply in Russia during the financial and economic crisis. One of the priority tasks of the state should be providing the population with quality and affordable medicines. Low competitiveness of Russian drugs and substances, the lack of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry have led to high import-dependent on the Russian pharmaceutical market, which constitutes a threat to the economic security of Russia. On the one hand, the import of drugs and substances is one of the main factors of development and functioning of the pharmaceutical industry in Russia at present, but the existing structure of foreign trade of medicines and pharmaceutical substances testifies to the import of drug dependence. Of particular relevance is considered in this article the issue of import substitution in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of EU and us economic sanctions and financial crisis in Russia. The sharp fall of the ruble led to the destabilization of the Russian economy and consequently to higher prices for medicines and decrease in purchasing power, despite the fact that drugs are commodities of inelastic demand. With the aim of improving the competitiveness of domestic products and increases their market share in the Russian pharmaceutical market necessary to implement a number of economic and legal measures aimed at improving the system of state regulation of import of medicinal products
-
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE RICE MARKET IN RUSSIA
06.00.00 Agricultural sciences
DescriptionAnalysis of rice market in the country was conducted, as well as assortment of rice products was studied. It is shown that rice is the most popular grain in Russian Federation and in percentage of cereal products in shops they occupy 29% and in diet of Russian people – 41%. It is found that in Russia round grain japonica varieties are the most popular kind. It is mentioned that for the last years consumer market demands diversity of rice products, including long-grain and exclusive varieties, imported from abroad. It is shown that in big cities demand for such products has increased from 5% to 15%. Analysis of milled rice balance was conducted. It is found that volume of milled rice in the domestic market of the country is annually about 680-800 thousand tons exceeding the average demand value by 54,8 to 172,3 thousand tons. Promising breeding directions are observed for increasing assortment of rice products in Russian markets with a view to import substitution. It is mentione that Russian breeders have developed group of exclusive varieties: Rubin, Mars, Viola, Violetta, Avstral, Ivushka, Natasha, Aromir etc. It is shown that special purpose varieties currently occupy 3,5% of rice acreage in the Krasnodar region and their cost is by 20-70% higher than that of traditional rice varieties. It was found that for their implementation into production and promotion on the consumer market we need to develop agricultural techniques of cultivation and seed production scheme in accordance with the biological characteristics, conduct marketing activities, promotion of a healthy diet