№ 155(1), January, 2020
Public date: 31.01.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 16, 52 kb
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ALGOLOGICAL MONITORING OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES OF MAIZE CROPS PRODUCTION
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article studies species composition and abundance of soil algae under hybrid Krasnodar 292 AMB cultivated with various technologies. 7 species of cyanobacteria and 11 soil algae were revealed. It was revealed that the highest total amount of algae was observed in variants of environmentally acceptable and intensive technology, which is associated with the positive effect of mineral fertilizers and the consequent application of organic matter on soil algal flora. However, in these variants a decrease was observed both in the number of species and in the abundance of green and yellow-green algae. The species Botrydiopsis arhiza Borzi was absent or found in insignificant amounts. The species composition was less diverse, which can be attributed to the negative effect of the herbicide used in these technologies. The method of tillage had practically no effect on green, yellow-green and diatoms. An increase in the intensity of soil cultivation had a significant negative effect on both the species composition and the number of cyanobacteria
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe studies were conducted on the biological economic efficiency of biological preparations against pests in the conditions of the training and experimental farm of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Stavropol State Agrarian University in winter wheat crops of the Yuka variety. The effect of triple use of biosecticides Bioslip BV (viable spores of Beauveria bassiana OPB-09 strain) and Bioslip BT (viable spores and thermostable crystalline endotoxin of B. thuringiensis strains) was studied. A tank mixture of Alt-Alf chemical insecticides, CE (alpha-cypermethrin 100 ml / l) and Actara, VDG (thiamethoxam 250 g / kg) was used as a reference. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BV most effectively suppresses cereal aphids: the average biological effectiveness was 78.3%, in relation to harmful turtle and wheat thrips, the effectiveness of the drug was 60.3-68.7%. Bioinsecticide Bioslip BT is effective against the red-breasted drunkard; the average biological effectiveness was 84.2%, in relation to other species - 27.2-44.2%. The efficiency of using a tank mixture of bioinsecticides with half consumption rates was in the range of 23.3-40.7%. The harmfulness of phytophages in winter wheat crops is high, the control yield is lower by 0.556 t / ha compared with chemical treatment. The smallest difference with economic etholone in the variant with three times use of Bioslip BV is 0.09 t / ha
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APPLE ROSETTE DISEASE IN NORTH CAUCASUS PLANTATIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of a study of the apple tree rosette disease found in a collection garden and having a viral nature. The rosetting has typical signs of manifestation. Sick plants develop narrow small chlorotic leaves. Rosettes of leaves on the upper cervical and lateral shoots are formed as a result of the convergence of internodes. The spread of the rosetting in the planting reaches 10-11 %. The prevalence of viral disease varies among the 44 varieties of apple trees of different ecological and geographical origin. So, the lesion of rosetting was noted on single trees in the varieties of Gala Redi Red, Fujiko, Red Free, etc., and it was a complete defeat in the variety of Piros. A different degree of the manifestation of the disease on the trees was established: from partial manifestation on individual shoots, to aggressive damage to the entire crown of the tree. On young trees bearing fruiting (3-4 years from planting), the rosetting reduces the yield of apple trees by 36 %, ¼ part of the fruits on the trees are small in size compared to the fruits of healthy trees. The infectious nature of the rosetting is confirmed by the transfer of the disease on the most affected Piros variety using summer budding
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06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionIn the experiment, we have studied the effect of the use of an intelligent spreader on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers used to feed winter wheat in ordinary chernozem. The studies were carried out in the production conditions of land use by AO SHP Kolos in the Kochubeyevsky district. In this article, we have examined the effect of a sprayer (Amazone UG 3000 Nova) and an intelligent mineral fertilizer spreader (Amazon ZA - TS - 4200) using touch sensors to determine the NDVI development index on the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizing winter wheat. Based on the experiments, it was found that, on average, over the two years of the study, the largest increase in the yield of winter wheat grains was noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonia nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the intelligent fertilizer spreader Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 according to the NDVI - 6.53 t / ha. The highest structural indices of winter wheat grain yield were also noted in the variant with the introduction of ammonium nitrate in the first and second fertilizers using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index. So, the height of plants increased by 16.3 cm, the number of productive stems per 1 m2 by 37 pcs. The number of grains in the ear - by 5 pcs., The weight of 1000 grains - 0.8 g. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that in the conditions of land use by JSC "Agricultural Enterprise" Kolos "of the Kochubeyevsky District of the Stavropol region when planning the harvest of winter wheat - 6.5 tons / ha, it is advisable to use in the first and second top dressing of ammonium nitrate with a dose of 150 kg / ha, using the Amazon ZA - TS - 4200 intelligent fertilizer spreader according to the NDVI index
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06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe purpose of the work was to test the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with North-Caucasus brown rust to identify its harmfulness. There was carried out a two-stage testing on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties that differed in their resistance to the pathogen. As a result, there has been identified high brown rust harmfulness in susceptible varieties, which led to a yield decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the maximum infected varieties, there has been identified the most tolerant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when damaged to 100%, had a minimum yield decrease (less than 10.6%). The poorly susceptible to brown rust varieties reduced their yields from 11.2% to 20.7%. Among them, the variety ‘Spartak’ showed lower rates of a yield decline. Among the five varieties that showed an average brown rust affection, there have been noted various indicators of a yield decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ showed a minimum decrease of a yield and its structural elements under the conditions of artificial infection with brown rust; and together with the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ can be classed to the varieties tolerant to brown rust. When predicting brown rust epiphytoty the susceptible and medium-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides
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Description
The article discusses the relevance of the use of protected amino acids (lysine and methionine) in animal husbandry of the Krasnodar region, using the example of the farm "Krasnodar". The highest milk yield was obtained from cows with the combined addition of lysine and methionine in their diet. In relation to control (CR), the average daily milk yield in the group with combined additives (CR+L+M) was 38.4 kg/day. In addition, there was a positive effect of lysine and the combined additive (CR+L+M) on protein and fat in milk. Protected methionine (CRM) had no effect on the yield of fat and protein in milk. It was noted that additives of protected amino acids in groups with lysine and combined amino acids reduced the cost of dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME) per kg of milk. The results of our studies have shown that the productive milk response and its components are affected by the amount of the first limiting amino acid in the diet. Also, the supply of protected lysine changed the plasma concentration of animals and improved the availability of amino acids for milk protein synthesis
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08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionThis article is devoted to rating assessment of the socio-economic situation of the Krasnodar region, presented by such agencies as "RAEKS-Analytics", "Expert RA" and "National Rating Agency". The methodologies used by these agencies were studied and analyzed. A comparison of these methodologies was also conducted. As a result, a number of their shortcomings were identified, including the lack of a complete methodological model in the public domain. Some agencies do not provide links to statistics that are used in the analysis. In the article using the STATISTICA environment, a statistical analysis of data reflecting the level of socio-economic situation of the Krasnodar region is carried out. Based on the work [12], the article created a discriminant model for assessing the socio-economic development of urban districts of the Krasnodar region with a confidence of 85%. The study conducted a cluster, discriminant, classification (decision trees), coefficient (proposed by the authors) based on the data of the Federal State Statistics website for the period from 2009 to 2018 in the city districts: Krasnodar, Anapa, Armavir, Gelendzhik, Goryachiy Klyuch, Novorossiysk Sochi. During the study, analyzes such as cluster and classification trees showed poor results, since they are not able to detect latent nonlinear relationships between the study indicators. Using the constructed discriminant model, we have carried out an analysis of the socio-economic development of urban districts of the Krasnodar region for the period 2009-2018, which allows us to identify the leaders and the outsiders
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TO THE QUESTION OF MODELING THE PROCESS OF INTERACTION OF THE ELASTIC WHEEL WITH THE SOIL BASE
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionOne of the most important problems facing agricultural production is to increase traction and energy properties and to decrease the deforming effect of wheel propellers of power tractors on the soil. The solution to this problem requires the widespread introduction of computer-aided design systems, which make it possible to predict the towing, fuel, economic, and agro-technological properties of the tractor unit at the design stage. Traction and energy indicators of wheeled agricultural tractors, the level of impact of wheel propellers on the soil are largely determined by the quality of pneumatic tires. The search for the optimal parameters of pneumatic tires, the compliance of tire characteristics with the parameters and operating conditions of the tractor unit, require solving two main problems. Firstly, the development of analytical dependencies describing the process of interaction of elastic wheels with the soil base, depending on the rolling mode of the wheel. Secondly, bringing to the engineering level the methods of calculation and analysis of the wheel propellers and soil system. The work discusses the issues of physical and mathematical modeling of a pneumatic wheel and soil system. It is noted that among the existing approaches to describing the process of interaction of an elastic wheel with soil, it is most preferable to use rheological models that take into account the simultaneous deformation and subsequent restoration of the soil and tire. However, when it comes to the existing models, the formation of the area of the contact patch is associated with a common normal deflection, which is not confirmed by numerous experimental studies. In the present work, the concept of agrotechnological deflection of a pneumatic tire is introduced. The developed model makes it possible to calculate the rut dept, the tangential and radial deformations of the tire, the longitudinal and normal deformations of the base, and the contact pressure under a known normal load on the wheel, wheel rolling radius and speed. We have also presented analytical and experimental dependences of the contact pressure and the rut depth on the size of the agrotechnical deflection
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TO THE QUESTION OF INTENSIFICATION OF BEAN AND CEREAL GRASS MIXTURE DRYING UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and functional organization of cereal and legume-cereal seed with intensive use in order to develop a model of agrophytocenoses with productive longevity and feed quality. A set of techniques has been developed to optimize the basic conditions of existence of highly productive, natural vegetation and on this basis to use grass stands rationally, create highly productive agrophytocenoses, and also grow artificial agrophytocenoses instead of degraded ones, helps to eliminate the negative consequences of the unreasonable exploitation of vegetation cover, improve its condition, significantly increase productivity and qualitative composition of natural ecosystems
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05.13.10 Management in social and economic systems
DescriptionThis article discusses the general principles of developing software applications for generating and verifying practical tasks in mathematical disciplines in the Visual Basic for Application development environment. The structure of computer programs is described, the main components of the implemented macros are investigated, the algorithms of the basic procedures are given. A special place is given to the problems of identifying students and protecting the generated data. We have also given recommendations on the use of developed programs in the educational process