№ 157(3), March, 2020
Public date: 31.03.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 29, 98 kb
-
DETECTED GRAPE VARIETIES OF AFGHANISTAN
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article reports in color on the characteristics of the three varieties and their clones that are common in Afghanistan. In the process of ampelographic screening of vineyards in Afghanistan, three varieties previously undescribed in Russian literature under the local names Aita, Gundyan and Shandyhani were discovered. Their identification by ampelographic and ampelometric characteristics made it possible to establish the original Aita variety, the Gundyan variety as a synonym for Guladan and Shandyhani as a synonym for the world famous Sultanin, or Kishmish. The described varieties are quite common in Afghanistan, reputable in economic returns and are still promising for cultivation in their country, where they are successfully used in the manufacture of dried products and high-quality diet juices. To identify the impact of various environmental conditions on the growth, development, quantity and quality of the crop, these varieties must be tested in all zones of different ecological and geographical areas of cultivation
-
ASSESSMENT OF FROST RESISTANCE IN WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the research on the evaluation of frost-resistant varieties of winter barley. Frost resistance is the main criterion for winter hardiness of winter crops. To promote the area of cultivation of winter barley in colder areas, production needs high-hardy varieties. Recently, due to the warming of the climate in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region, it is almost impossible to reliably and accurately determine the winter hardiness of winter crops in natural (field) conditions. In this regard, breeders in their work, in order to identify frost-resistant forms, use the method of direct freezing of breeding and collection material. During our research, the evaluation of the test material was carried out using a modified method developed by academician V. M. Shevtsov. This method allows the most accurate and efficient determination of the critical temperature for a particular sample in a short period of time. Varieties and lines were placed in the EKSI refrigeration unit for a certain period of time. Then they were taken out, and at the end of time, the percentage of plants before and after freezing was calculated. As a result of the conducted research, we have selected highly frost-resistant forms that differ in a complex of economically valuable features and properties
-
PERSPECTIVE STRAWBERRY VARIETIES FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionWe have studied 17 strawberry varieties due to their economically valuable traits: the number of berries (pcs per plant), average fruit weight (g), biological yield (g per plant), firmness of fruit (g). Among the studied varieties is 6 - Honeoye, Alba, Belrubi, Asia, Nelli, Bogota are zoned varieties; 3 - Djeni, Elegia, Kemia is a new varieties of local selection and 8 an introduced varieties from the EU - Joly, Onda, Galia, Vivaldi, Rumba, Florence, Alina, Molling Opal. The purpose of the work is to identify the strawberry varieties which are promising for industrial production in the south of Russia among new strawberry varieties of local selection and introduced varieties. Based on two-factorial analysis of variance according to 2018-2019 studies there were revealed significant differences between the genotypes of varieties for all studied parameters. It is shown that the greatest differences in the variability of traits are observed by the “year” factor. The varieties were ranked according to the values of the smallest significant difference for each individual trait. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis on a complex of traits we have identified strawberry varieties which are showing the prospect for industrial cultivation. In the new varieties of strawberries as Joly, Vivaldi and Rumba the values of yield and quality of berries are comparable to the best zoned varieties, such as Nelli, Asia and Bogota
-
EMBRYO PRODUCTIONS WITH CONVENTIONAL AND SEXED SEMEN USE IN "KUBAN” AGRO COMPANY
DescriptionAt the Kuban Agricultural Association OJSC, Ust-Labinsky District, Krasnodar region, a research has been carried out on obtaining embryos from cows and heifers of donors using sexed and conventional frozen seed. In the first experiment, 159 doses of ordinary frozen semen from 3 different bulls were used to inseminate 57 cows and heifers - donors. In the second experiment, 63 doses of normal frozen semen from 3 different bulls were expended for insemination of 21 cows and heifers of donors after treatment with super ovulation for 9 days. On the 7th day after insemination, the embryos were collected in experimental cows and heifers of the donors, their number was counted, and the quality was evaluated. As a result of the study, it observed that the obtained embryos from each donor were different in quantity and quality. The number of embryos, using traditional sperm, was from 1 to 42, and on average per cow 13.68 ± 2.45. Among them, 8.40 ± 1.08 embryos belonged to the first class, 0.35 ± 0.45 - to the 2nd class; 4.90 ± 0.94 to the 3rd class, as well as 4.90 ± 0.94 embryos were degenerated. After donor insemination with sexed sperm, 1 to 22 embryos were obtained, an average of 9.01 ± 4.03. Including 4.92 ± 3.04 embryos belonging to the 1st class, 1.31 ± 1.02 - of the second class, 0.28 ± 0.27 - of the 3rd class and 2.48. ± 0.71 degenerated. The results showed that the average number of embryos obtained using conventional sperm is larger compared to the use of sexed semen, regardless of the donor cow or heifer. Conclusion: the use of traditional frozen semen allows us to get more and better quality embryos from cows and heifer donors
-
SOWING AND CROP PROPERTIES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT SEEDS DEPENDING ON THE REPRODUCTION ZONE
06.01.05 Selection and seed production of agricultural plants (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studying the influence of the reproduction zone on the sowing and yield quality of seeds of wheat varieties of soft winter selection of the NPC named after P. P. Lukyanenko. From the sowing qualities regulated by the state standard of the Russian Federation, the following indicators were studied in the experiment: viability ( % ) and weight of 1000 seeds (g). The P-1 seeds obtained in the NPC were sown in different agro-climatic zones of the region in the optimal time with the same seeding rate of 250 seeds/m2. The obtained seed material was supplied for the study of sowing qualities and yielding properties of learning in the nursery ground control. The yield quality of seeds significantly differed depending on the area of their production in the previous year. According to the results of four years of research, the seeds of varieties obtained in the Northern zone of the region had higher sowing qualities compared to seeds from other agro-climatic zones. The average seed viability for four years in the Tanya variety was 97.6%, in the Yuka variety-97.7% and in the Grom variety-98.0%. The largest mass of 1000 seeds was also observed in the studied varieties from the Northern zone of the region. Consequently, a more complete realization of the potential of the three studied varieties was also observed in the Northern zone of the region
-
THE METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT OF GROWING BROILER CHICKENS ZOOHYGIENIC CONDITIONS
DescriptionMetabolic products, water, dust and litter are released into the air and accumulated in the house when the birds are kept on the litter. The following techniques are available when caring for litter: a) cleaning, b) application of dehumidifiers, c) acceleration of decomposition by special microbiological preparations. The purpose of the experiments is to study the effect of a microbiological preparation in the litter on broiler productivity. Chickens “Cobb-500”, “Ross-308” and “Change-8” were up to 38-42 days old in special boxes. “Sunvit-K” and “Sunvit-K-forte” brought in the litter at the 21-, 28- and 38-day-old age of the bird. These biodestructors with bacteria have increased broiler productivity due to improved hygiene. The best effect was when applying to the litter “Sanvit-K” and “Sanvit-K-forte” at a dose of 20 and 10 g per square meter. м. The final weight of broilers increased by 3.8-5.3%, and EPEF is 346-348 units
-
APPLICATION OF ACOUSTIC-MAGNETIC DEVICES IN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF GREENHOUSE COMPLEXES
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article discusses scale formation problems of greenhouse complexes with geothermal heat sources. Two-circuit geothermal heat supply systems with intermediate heat exchangers are used to prevent equipment and communications scale. Fresh softened water is heated by geothermal heat and is supplied to consumer needs. The heat exchanger and primary circuit communications contacting with the geothermal heat carrier (geothermal water) are subjected to scale formation in the existing system. A scale formation of heat exchange surfaces reduces the efficiency of the heat exchanger and requires a periodic cleaning and causes a chain of economic losses in the production, transportation and consumption of heat. Currently, we use physical, chemical, biological and combined methods of scale formation prevention. The article also considers hypothesis about the effect of an acoustic-magnetic field on solutions. It was found experimentally, that the acoustic-magnetic field affects to characteristics and dimensions of salt crystals. The number of particles increases and solid phase dimensions decrease. A large number of microcrystals suspended in water are formed as a result of the nonchemical acoustic-magnetic treatment of geothermal water. These crystals do not stick to the pipe surface and do not settle to the bottom, may be filtered out and carry out by water flow from the system
-
PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVES USED IN PIG FARMING
DescriptionThe article provides a review of domestic patent information on the effectiveness of using modern probiotic feed additives in pig farming practice. The inclusion of probiotic feed additives in the diets of pigs is aimed at excluding pathogenic and opportunistic microflora from the intestinal microbiocenosis, increasing the productive action of feed and intensifying metabolic and immune processes in the organism. The introduction of probiotic feed additives into the diet of pregnant sow and suckling pigs, as well as weaned piglets, allows achieving high indicators for the safety and productivity of young animals, which is very important for the cost-effective development of production. The ability of probiotic feed additives to normalize the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of newborn piglets provides increased resistance to mass gastrointestinal diseases, as well as increasing the safety and viability of piglets. Thus, probiotic feed additives are an important component of the modern diet of farm animals at all stages of their development. At the same time, the most popular and effective for modern pig farming are multicomponent probiotic feed additives that contain a complex of probiotic cultures with different biological effects on the organism, sorbents that often act as prebiotics, enzyme preparations and other biologically active substances that provide a positive multifunctional effect on the organism of farm animals
-
Description
The article contains information that allows us to assess the importance of intermuscular abscesses in the range of indicators that affect the quality of pork produced in modern pig breeding complexes with flow technology. Calendar periods with increased rates of carcass rejection at a meat processing plant due to intermuscular abscesses were identified; the numerical value of rejection was established: from 2-3 carcasses from a batch in the "safe" months to 20-30 in the "unfavorable" ones. The article presents opinions of researchers on the causes of intermuscular abscesses are given; the importance of violations of vaccination technology is highlighted; an officially approved immune-prophylaxis scheme used at a large meat processing enterprise in the Krasnodar region. The analysis of the specialist's actions during the implementation of vaccine injections in growing animals was performed, and possible causes of process violations that can lead to the occurrence of an abscess were determined. The work justifies use of in vivo and post-slaughter ultrasound diagnostics of an abscess as a pathological object with certain characteristics. We have also noted the necessity of economic justification for the purchase of a mobile or stationary ultrasound device by a company
-
BEEKEEPING AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF APC DEVELOPMENT
DescriptionThe creation of stable agrocenoses requires ensuring a high pollination rate by maintaining a certain number of bee colonies per unit area. In Russia, over the past four years, the number of bee families has decreased to 3.1 million. For the full pollination of the entomophilous crops available in the Russian Federation, more than 7 million bee families are needed. The shortage of bees in Russia led to a massive import of bee packages from Uzbekistan, which significantly reduced the employment and profitability of residents in Russian agriculture. To ensure socio-economic well-being in rural areas, it is necessary to establish the formation of their own bee packages in the early spring. To do this, it is advisable to use instrumental insemination of bees, which allows to increase the productivity of the bee colonies by 25-40% and receive early bee packages with fetal uterus. It is necessary to carry out technical re-equipment of the industry, having established the production of mobile bee pavilions, beehive loaders, and honey pumping complexes. The development of beekeeping due to the manifestation of the multiplier effect will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the entire agricultural sector of the country