№ 157(3), March, 2020
Public date: 31.03.2020
Archive of journal: Articles count 29, 98 kb
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Description
One of the urgent directions of finding promising raw ingredients in the feeding of farm animals and birds is the use of larvae of flies as a source of alternative protein. In Russia, LLC «New Biotechnology» is engaged in the processing of organic waste using the larvae of the flies of the population Lucilia Caesar under a project accredited at the Skolkovo Innovation Center, which, after a global reconstruction, started its production. The use of flour from larvae of flies in feeding poultry, including turkeys, is a new direction that is becoming more widespread among leading world producers. The authors established the high efficiency of using protein-lipid concentrate (PLC) from the larvae of flies of the population Lucilia Caesar in the production of cross BIG-6 turkey meat. It is proved that the use of the studied additives in the amount of 5.0 and 7.5% in the diets of turkey-poults for fattening can increase the live weight of females and males of the experimental groups. By the end of the feeding, the excess in live weight of the females of the experimental groups relative to the control was 858 (8.67%) and 1211g (12.24%), males - 980 (6.17%) and 1362g (8.58%), respectively. The average daily gain in live weight of females of the experimental groups during the feeding period exceeded the control by 6.7 and 9.8 g, males - by 8.8 and 12.2 g, and feed costs per 1 kg of growth decreased: in females - by 0.06 and 0, 17 kg, for males - 0.09 and 0.18 kg. The protein level in the average meat sample increased in the I experimental group by 1.26, in the II experimental group - by 1.57%, and the cholesterol level decreased by 7.21 and 10.95%. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that the protein-lipid concentrate (PLC) from the larvae of flies of the Lucilia Caesar population contributes to an increase in the growth and development of turkey poultry, lower feed costs and improve the quality of meat
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SYSTEM OF MODELS AND METHODS OF TESTING THE HOMOGENEITY OF TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLES
08.00.13 Mathematical and instrumental methods of Economics
DescriptionThe new paradigm of mathematical research methods allows us to give a systematic analysis of various statements of statistical analysis problems and methods for solving them, based on a probabilistic-statistical model of generating data accepted by the researcher. Methods for testing the homogeneity of two independent samples - a classic area of mathematical statistics. For more than 110 years since the publication of the fundamental Student’s article, various criteria have been developed for testing the statistical hypothesis of homogeneity in various statements, and their properties have been studied. However, the need for streamlining the totality of the scientific results found is urgent. It is necessary to analyze the whole variety of problem statements for testing the statistical hypotheses of the homogeneity of two independent samples, as well as the corresponding statistical criteria. This analysis is devoted to this article. It contains a summary of the main results concerning the methods for testing the homogeneity of two independent samples, and a comparative study of them, allowing the system to analyze the diversity of such methods in order to select the most appropriate for processing specific data. Based on the basic probabilistic-statistical model, the main statements of the problem of testing the homogeneity of two independent samples are formulated. A comparative analysis of the Student and Cramer - Welch criteria, designed to test the homogeneity of mathematical expectations, is given, a recommendation on the widespread use of the Cramer - Welch criterion is substantiated. From nonparametric methods for testing homogeneity, the criteria of Wilcoxon, Smirnov, Lehmann - Rosenblatt are considered. Dismantled two myths about the Wilcoxon criteria. Based on the analysis of the publications of the founders, the incorrectness of the term "Kolmogorov – Smirnov criterion" is shown. To verify absolute homogeneity, i.e. coincidence of the distribution functions of samples, it is recommended to use the Lehmann - Rosenblatt criterion. The current problems of the development and application of nonparametric criteria are discussed, including the difference between nominal and real significance levels, making it difficult to compare power of criteria, and the need to take into account coincidences of sample values (from the point of view of the classical theory of mathematical statistics, the probability of coincidences is 0)
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05.13.10 Management in social and economic systems
DescriptionThe article considers the most used methods and means of knowledge extraction taking into account the quality assessment of models in decision support systems. In scientific and practical terms, the possibilities of joint effective use of expert systems, data mining (IAD) and machine logical inference (MLV), which provides deeper data processing, taking into account the significant differences between databases (DB) and knowledge bases (BZ). DB is a unit of information unrelated to each other information, while BZ – not only related to each other, but also with the concepts of the world, which makes it possible to solve complex multi-criteria problems in various subject areas. Currently, increasing attention is paid to non-network technologies that have the ability to simulate nonlinear processes, work with noisy data, as well as the ability to learn and self-study, extracting essential features from the incoming information. At the same time, the integration of neural network technologies and artificial intelligence models into a single hybrid system together with the methods of logical inference in the form of a hierarchical sequence of the "If-then" rules structure significantly improves the understanding of the studied process and the quality of presentation of the result. Nevertheless, these methods and means of knowledge extraction are insufficient if the fuzzy linguistic inference mechanism is not used. The basic characteristic of fuzzy sets is the membership function, which is a generalized characteristic of a normal set. To set this feature, we use three types of shapes – triangular, trapezoidal and Gaussian type and two main procedures – phasefication and de-phaseification which is considered by the example of the method of Mamdani. Along with the stated most promising direction in this area is the adaptive gain algorithm called AdaBoost, where the limitation of the gain due to the filtering is to apply the subsampling circuit which has the normal contour of batch training, reusable training data. This provides an opportunity to work with weak models, and in the conditions of hybridization causes efficiency increase, strengthens the classifiers united in the "Committee". Each next set of classifiers is built on objects incorrectly classified by previous sets. AdaBoost is sensitive to data noise and emissions and is less susceptible to retraining, which can significantly reduce the number of examples and obtain better output in the DSS
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THE SOIL-CULTIVATING UNIVERSAL UNIT APU-1
05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionEnsuring the food security of the country in the conditions of growing consumption of crop products and excluding dependence on foreign producers poses a serious question for science to increase the volume of production while maintaining soil fertility. One of the important tasks in solving this problem is to create a moisture-saving and moisture-accumulating soil layers. This article focuses on the cultivation of winter wheat. In addition to providing moisture in the cultivated layer, crop losses are observed as a result of the defeat of plants by Fusarium. Also, to ensure the co-storage of the fruit layer, it is necessary to reduce the use of chemical means of protection, less intensive impact on the treated surface by the running systems of power facilities and working bodies of machines, but with compliance with the primary requirements for the treated surface. To complete the tasks, we have developed a universal plow with a turning beam. Chisel working bodies are installed on the front of the beam. The formation turnover is performed by the disk working bodies installed further. The main element is a skating rink. The article presents the scheme of sets of plow on different types of work, as a universal combined machine and to perform individual types of work
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IMPROVING THE CHEMICAL METHOD OF CONTROLLING WEEDS ON SUNFLOWER
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionCurrently, there is no effective chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop, except for systems that provide for the use of herbicides called Evro-Laiting, Zonator or Express. The disadvantage of these systems is the limited composition of cultivated sunflower hybrids and high costs. The article presents a research on the development of an effective system of chemical protection of sunflower crops against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds during the growing season of the crop. The greatest effect in the suppression of weeds in sunflower crops was observed by application of the herbicides Goal 2E and Senator on the germination of crop. In these versions of the experiment, the highest seed yield and oil harvest are also noted. However, the use of the Zonator is limited only to drug-resistant sunflower hybrids. The use of the herbicide Goal 2E is possible on any varieties and hybrids of sunflower. Despite the damage to the first two real sunflower leaves when using the herbicide Goal 2E for vegetation, the plants are fully restored, which does not significantly affect the productivity of the crop. The proposed schemes for using herbicides can improve the technological and economic efficiency of controlling monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in sunflower crops
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionIn this article we consider methods of inactivation of anti-nutrient substances of leguminous crops by means of preliminary treatment: melting and extrusion of grain. It has been found that the main anti-nutrient of legumes is a trypsin inhibitor. It is concluded that it is impossible to use leguminous crops as animal feed without preliminary treatment. We have considered issues of use of leguminous crops in feeding farm animals in the form of flour, cake, extraction cake, protein concentrates, milk, green mass, hay, senage, herbal flour and silage, and it has been established that the most promising direction of preparation of leguminous animals for feeding by agricultural animals is preparation of liquid protein suspension
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PERSPECTIVE STRAWBERRY VARIETIES FOR INDUSTRIAL GROWING IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionWe have studied 17 strawberry varieties due to their economically valuable traits: the number of berries (pcs per plant), average fruit weight (g), biological yield (g per plant), firmness of fruit (g). Among the studied varieties is 6 - Honeoye, Alba, Belrubi, Asia, Nelli, Bogota are zoned varieties; 3 - Djeni, Elegia, Kemia is a new varieties of local selection and 8 an introduced varieties from the EU - Joly, Onda, Galia, Vivaldi, Rumba, Florence, Alina, Molling Opal. The purpose of the work is to identify the strawberry varieties which are promising for industrial production in the south of Russia among new strawberry varieties of local selection and introduced varieties. Based on two-factorial analysis of variance according to 2018-2019 studies there were revealed significant differences between the genotypes of varieties for all studied parameters. It is shown that the greatest differences in the variability of traits are observed by the “year” factor. The varieties were ranked according to the values of the smallest significant difference for each individual trait. In accordance with the results of the cluster analysis on a complex of traits we have identified strawberry varieties which are showing the prospect for industrial cultivation. In the new varieties of strawberries as Joly, Vivaldi and Rumba the values of yield and quality of berries are comparable to the best zoned varieties, such as Nelli, Asia and Bogota
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionAn effective factor in increasing the yield of grain crops has long been considered to provide the sown seeds with the necessary nutrition area when sowing. ideally, the plant's nutrition area should be in the form of a circle with an area of 10 ...25 cm2 without overlapping with the neighboring ones. This distribution of feeding areas means an ideal spread of crops without borders and row spacing. However, in the grain production, the standard crop with a row spacing of 15 cm was spread out, where the seed distribution is artificially limited to a narrow strip where the grain feeding areas overlap. According to experts, this placement of seeds, which has developed historically, is not justified by either the experience of agricultural production or agricultural science. The availability of seeds with the necessary feeding area for row sowing is small – about 15%. At the present time, agricultural science is showing increasing interest in the technologies of ideal spread seeding. But the ideal is not yet obtained due to the lack of appropriate coulters. In these conditions, the band seeding method that closely implements the ideal multiple seeding comes to the fore. We propose a number of designs for single-disc and single-disc coulters for strip sowing, which form a fairly wide furrow up to 100 mm
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05.20.01 Technologies and means of mechanization of agriculture (technical sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of studying the influence of some types of packaging materials used in conjunction with Inter Fresh’s ethylene absorber (sachets) on commercial quality and losses of Alexandria zucchini, Lyubov sweet pepper and tomatoes cv. Inkas during storage. The study was carried out using StePac Xtend bags, creating a modified atmosphere. The objects of research were stored for 14 days at a temperature of 8 – 10 °С and air relative humidity of 90±3 %. One sachet for ethylene absorption was placed in Xtend bags. It was found that when stored under these conditions, the total weight loss is: for tomatoes – 0.3% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.8% when using traditional packaging materials; for zucchini – 0.4% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.6% when using traditional packaging materials. Losses associated with microbiological damage during storage of zucchini and tomatoes were not observed. During storage of sweet pepper microbiological spoilage took place, which, apparently, was the result of increased contamination with pathogenic microorganisms
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ASSESSMENT OF FROST RESISTANCE IN WINTER BARLEY VARIETIES
06.01.01 General agriculture, crop production (agricultural sciences)
DescriptionThe article presents the results of the research on the evaluation of frost-resistant varieties of winter barley. Frost resistance is the main criterion for winter hardiness of winter crops. To promote the area of cultivation of winter barley in colder areas, production needs high-hardy varieties. Recently, due to the warming of the climate in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region, it is almost impossible to reliably and accurately determine the winter hardiness of winter crops in natural (field) conditions. In this regard, breeders in their work, in order to identify frost-resistant forms, use the method of direct freezing of breeding and collection material. During our research, the evaluation of the test material was carried out using a modified method developed by academician V. M. Shevtsov. This method allows the most accurate and efficient determination of the critical temperature for a particular sample in a short period of time. Varieties and lines were placed in the EKSI refrigeration unit for a certain period of time. Then they were taken out, and at the end of time, the percentage of plants before and after freezing was calculated. As a result of the conducted research, we have selected highly frost-resistant forms that differ in a complex of economically valuable features and properties