03.00.00 Biological sciences
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CURRENT STATE OF THE COLLECTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THE YAKUTSK BOTANICAL GARDEN
DescriptionThe article considers data on the stocktaking of plants in the collection of medicinal plants of the Yakut Botanical Garden on the following parameters: the study of the component composition, the inclusion in the Pharmacopoeia articles and the Russian State Register of medicinal products. Introduction test in the collection has been performed for 158 species from 99 genera and 41 families, currently the collection has 101 species from 79 genera and 34 families. Chemical composition of plants is known for 61 species. 17 species are pharmacopoeal and 15 species make medicinal products available. The rest of the medicinal plants can be used in folk medicine. Most represented are Asteraceae family (25), Ranunculaceae (20), Rosaceae (16), Fabaceae (15), Lamiaceae (13), among tested plants. According to the assessment of introduction capabilities, 49 species in the collection are highly stable, 51 - stable and just one is unstable
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THE CURRENT STATE OF PIKES IN YAKUTIA WATERS
DescriptionPike inhabits almost all the rivers of the Yakutia system. It is more widespread in the lakes of YanoIndigirka and Kolyma lowlands. Objective: To provide a modern assessment of fish in the main model reservoirs, create an ecological prognosis and the possibility of their use in modern conditions. Methods. The material was collected in the conditions of anthropogenic pollution. Full general biological analysis was conducted for the fish. Cruise studies were conducted covering the northern territories - r. Anabar, Olenek, Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma and Chrome, as well as Vilyuy Dam, from 1969 to 2016. We used the standard ichthyologic methods of selection and processing of the collected material. Results. Because of climate warming, there were reported pike approaches in the lower reaches of the river Lena, Yana and Kolyma. Maximum dimensions were noted earlier in the lower reaches of the river Lena, where the maximum weight of pike was 18 kg. The fecundity of 16-211 thousand eggs. It was revealed, that the catch was better for young pike. Conclusions. Stocks of pike are in satisfactory condition, and its reserves are proposed to be increased, at the expense of unused areas (lakes Kolymo- Indigirka lowland) up to 220 m. It is proposed as a fish-breeding facility in Yakutia reservoirs
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MODERN WAYS OF OIL-CONTAMINATED WASTE UTILIZATION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF POLLUTION
DescriptionThe article deals with the problem of eliminating environmental pollution by oil-contaminated waste. It's suggested modern ways of improving technologies for oily waste utilization. The comparative characteristic of the essence, advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness of ways of waste recycling is described. The basic utilization technologies of oil sludge of various origins are emphasized taking into account the aspects of their composition and properties. It's represented the results of a patent search in this area to ensure a high level of new developments. It's characterized the developed technologies for utilization and recycling of oily waste to produce environmentally products of utilization – organic and mineral additives which are suitable for use as secondary material resources
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Description
Influence of level of soil fertility, norm of fertilizers, systems of plant protection and a way of basic soil cultivation on accumulation and a ratio of chlorophylls in leaves of a winter wheat Nota during spring-and-summer vegetation is shown.
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Description
In the Southern Federal University on the genetic basis of sunflower inbred line 3629, a collection of plastid mutants with varying degrees of chlorophyll deficiency was created by inducing Nnitrosomethylurea. Chlorophyll content was associated with their photosynthetic activity. It was found that the lower the chlorophylls content in mutant plastids, the lower the sugar concentration in plant tissues. For example, during the entire period of plant growth for whites (1.0-3.0 % chlorophylls a+b from control) var- 10, var-17 and yellows (6.0-9.5 % chlorophylls a+b from control) var-29, var-33 leaf areas of variegated mutants depending on the development phase and the content of green pigments are characterized by a low (2-7 fold) sugar content. Yellow-green (75.5% chlorophylls a + b from control) leaves of en:chlorina- 7 contain a higher level of carbohydrates, although it is 1.5-2 fold lower than at line 3629. Monosaccharides are products of hydrolytic reactions catalyzed by β- glycosidases. It was shown, that the activity level of β- galactosidase and β-glucosidase exceeded the corresponding indicators of the control at 1.5-2 and 2-7 fold, respectively. Similarly to enzymes from the water-soluble fraction, membrane-bound β- glycosidases also showed increased activity in the leaves of the investigated mutants, compared to the control green plants of 3629. Consequently, the activity of β-glycosidases increases dramatically in leaf tissues with deficiency of photosynthetic. Thus, chlorophyll mutations can lead to a change in the expression of nuclear genes, resulting in a significant increase in the activity of β-glycosidases in the mutant organelles themselves
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Description
In this article we consider application of the automated systemic and cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis), its mathematical model – a systemic information theory and the program tools realizing them – the intellectual Eidos system, for input (digitization) of images from graphic files, synthesis of the generalized images of classes, their abstraction, classification of the generalized images of classes (clusters and constructs), comparison of concrete images with the generalized images (identification) of classes, comparisons of classes with each other and creations of the generalized images of genus of ground beetles on the basis of images of the types. The new approach to digitization of images of ground beetles based on use of a polar frame, the center of weight of the image and its external contour is offered. Before digitization of images, their transformations standardizing the provision of images, their sizes and an angle of rotation can be applied. Therefore, the results of digitization and the ASK-analysis of images can be invariant (are independent) concerning their situation, the sizes and turn. There is a successful experience of the solution of similar tasks in other subject domains. This article can be considered as a continuation of series of the works devoted to application of the automated systemic and cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its program tools – the Eidos system
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Description
The article describes the environmental conditions and plant communities with Iris laevigata for the selection of optimal locations of its growth. The structure of natural populations can be a model for the creation of artificial populations of these species
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SORTIMENT TABLES FOR ESTIMATION OF ARTIFICIAL ORIGIN OAK FORESTS IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION
DescriptionThe article proposes a system of regression equations for estimating industrial wood size by categories and varieties of commercial trunks of oak plantations in the Lower Volga region. The authors developed a table of logs for the taxation of trees and forest stands of oak
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SPECIFICITY OF TRILON B INFLUENCE ON THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF VARIETIES OF WINTER BARLEY
DescriptionThe problem of increasing resistance of winter barley to adverse conditions of winter is the most problem in the selection area of this crop. The main component of this complex trait is the frost resistance. Laboratory methods of assessment of frost resistance are important for breeding of winter barley. These methods can effectively replace more costly method of direct freezing in the freezers. Magnesium cations (Mg++) are essential components of the protein-synthesizing system of germinating seeds. Magnesium cations determine the stability and translational activity of mRNA and rRNA. Trilon B is usually used for in vitro banding of magnesium cations in area of biochemistry of the nucleic acids. It was very interesting to verify the Trilon B influence to seed germination of winter barley varieties by experiment. Experiments showed: actinomycin D – the inhibitor of RNA synthesis – didn’t show varieties specific effect to seed growth of winter barley, while Trilon B had a varieties specific impact to length coleoptiles and roots. Research was carried out on etiolated seedlings at temperatures from 22 to 28oC, and different concentrations of Trilon B - 1,6×10-3М, 2,4×10-3М and 3,2×10-3М. The roots of 3-days old seedlings were more sensitive to Trilon B influence. It is shown the varieties of Russian origin were naturally reacted to Trilon B: the higher the frost resistance of variety, the more resistant variety to the action of various concentrations of Trilon B at different temperatures. The most optimum concentration was 3,2 × 10-3М at 22-25oC. Varieties by foreign origin deviated from this pattern. It is interesting to research the genetic essence of these differences. It will be helpful for optimization of varieties differentiation conditions to create a laboratory method of estimate of frost resistance of winter barley. The new method will be most efficient compared the direct freezing method
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Description
In root exudates of alfalfa, wheat and radish we have found 12 amino acids. As well as 5 organic acids were identified. In the variant with exudates of wheat as the sole source of carbon and energy maximum titer of microorganism Rhodococcus erythropolis RCM Ac-2017D were observed